2006 Vol. 14, No. 1

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Transferring water or increasing water—The anxiety and reverie about water resources in China
SHI Shan
2006, 14(1): 1-3.
Abstract(1068) PDF(896)
Abstract:
The current state of utilizable water resources and the existing problems of long-distance transferring water in China are stated. It is pointed out that the basic way of relieving water deficit is to increase water resource and the countermeasures of increasing water are put forward.
Characteristics of the vegetation resource in the middle and lower reaches of Heihe River in China
LI Zhi-Jian, ZHOU Ai-Guo, SUN Zi-Yong, GAN Yi-Qun
2006, 14(1): 4-6.
Abstract(1296) PDF(1066)
Abstract:
The plant category, distribution and the causes of its formation in the middle and lower reaches of Heihe River are stated. It is pointed out that the main reasons for the vegetation degeneration, such as large-scale death and degeneration, insularization of plants are wind erosion, the lack of water resource and the interaction of wind and drought.
Primary research on the halophyte flora in Xinjiang
CHI Jin-Biao, TIAN Chang -Yan, YAN Ping, DONG Zhen-Cheng
2006, 14(1): 7-10.
Abstract(1442) PDF(1286)
Abstract:
There are about 305 species, 15 var. and 7 subspecies of halophytes, which belong to 38 families and 124 genera in Xinjiang according to the field investigation and reference. The numbers of halophyte families, genera and species account for 38.0%, 17.3% and 8.9% respectively in the total numbers of families, genera and species of spermatophyte floras in Xinjiang. The halophytes account for about 60% of total amount of that in China. About 35% of the halophytes in Xinjiang has not been embodied in ‘The Halophytes of China’and about 50% of the halophytes not embodied in‘The Halophytes Database of the World’. The analysis of the halophyte flora shows that about 63.9% of species are concentratively distributed in 4 families, i.e. Chenopodiaceae, Compositae, Leguminosae and Gramineae, and most of the community-constructed species of halophytic vegetation originally come from central-Asia or Mediterranean Sea. It indicates that the halophytic vegetation in Xinjiang has obvious xero-characteristics.
Nitrogen biotransformation and its relative microorganism in aquaculture waters
LI Gu, WU Zhen-Bin, HOU Yan-Song, WU Xiao-Hui
2006, 14(1): 11-15.
Abstract(1154) PDF(1467)
Abstract:
The research results of nitrogen biotransformation and its relative microorganism in aquaculture waters are summarized. It is pointed out that nitrogen cycle in aquaculture waters mainly originates from the formulated feeds and the inorganic or organic fertilizers, which form complex dynamic balances through continuously transferring and transformation under interaction of organism and in-organism. Microorganisms play a key role in this cycle, the sediment-water interface is an important place of the mineralization of organic matter and regeneration of nutrition. Finally, some regulating practices are given that can influence the nitrogen cycle in the course of fish culture.
Advances in molecular genetics of abalone
LI Zhong-Bao
2006, 14(1): 16-20.
Abstract(1080) PDF(1126)
Abstract:
The advances in molecular genetics of abalone are stated. Genetic markers in molecular genetics of abalone include karyotype analysis, allozyme, microsatellite and minisatellite, RAPD, RFLP, MtDNA, ESTs and gene sequence markers. The application of these markers has made a good progress in investigations of genetic diversity, genetic differentiation, genetic structure, species and strain identification in abalone. It will be strengthened in aspect of proteomics, function genomics, genetic linkage maping, quantitative trait loci(QTL) and marker-assisted selection(MAS) in abalone.
Genetic characters of transgenic upland cotton cultivars carrying triple genes(Bt＋CpTI＋GNA)
WU Xia, LI Yan-E, WANG Jiao-Juan, SHANGGUAN Xiao-Xia, ZHU Zhen
2006, 14(1): 21-23.
Abstract(1088) PDF(956)
Abstract:
Foreign triple genes(Bt＋CpTI＋GNA) resistant to cotton insects have been introduced into conventional cotton cultivars by agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation and the regenerated plants have been obtained. The results of molecular detection indicate that the foreign genes have been transferred into cotton plants. The progeny materials of transgenic plants are detected by insect-resistance. Up to now, the F8 has been got after the selection in the fields. The results of PCR molecular detection, marker genes and foreign target-gene with insect-resistance are quite regular. Some of their progenies' segregations coincide with the Mendel's regularity of segregation, but some deviate, and their segregation laws in lower transgenic generation materials are vague while those in high generation materials are stabler.
Interactive effect of genotype and environment on the genetic covariance of characterization of heavy metal accumulation in edible rice grain(Oryza sativaL.)
KE Qing-Ming, LIANG Kang-Jing, ZHU Yan, XIAO Mei-Xiu, LIN Wen-Xiong
2006, 14(1): 24-27.
Abstract(873) PDF(979)
Abstract:
The interactive effect of genotype and environment on the genetic covariance of characterization of heavy metal accumulation in edible rice grain(Oryza sativa L.) was conducted by using genetic models for quantitative traits of seed. The results show that the genotype covariance appeares to be positive between these 5 heavy metal contents of Hg, As, Cr, Cd and Pb. The genetic covariance and GE interaction covariance are positive or negative to different degrees between pairs of element contents.
Canonical correlation among kernel quality characters in top-quality protein maize
YANG Yin-Fu, XIE En-Kui, SHI Gong-Xian, SHAN Ming-Zhu
2006, 14(1): 28-33.
Abstract(1212) PDF(1064)
Abstract:
The canonical correlations among kernel quality characters in two top-quality protein maize populations(‘Zhongqun14QPMC3’and‘Shaanzong 5QPMC0’) are studied. The results indicate that the negative correlation effect is shown among hardness, kernel denseness, 100-grain weight and bud rate, and 100-grain volume in the physical characters; both lysine content and protein quality are the core characters in the nutrition quality; grain density(or endosperm hardness) is an indirect selecting index of protein quality; grain physical characters and protein quality play an important role in forming lysine; grain protein quality is closely connected with that of endosperm, but it has nothing to do with bud protein quality; and high lysine content and high oil content are unified.
Effects of different eco-environments on the quality of strong-gluten wheat
AN Cheng-Li, ZHANG Gai-Sheng, GAO Xiang, CHEN Guang-Dou, DAI Kai-Jun
2006, 14(1): 34-36.
Abstract(966) PDF(914)
Abstract:
The effects of different eco-environments on the quality of strong-gluten wheat ‘Shaanyou 225’ are studied. The results show that the quality ‘Shaanyou 225’ is good and stable in different ecosystem areas and has achieved the standard of good-quality bread wheat of China. A ecosystem area of dry fertilizing plus rain and stow soil or middle fertility plus stout soil and irrigation is the suitable ecosystem area for producing good quality ‘Shaanyou 225’. Its quality can achieve strong-gluten wheat standard. The wheat grains of which the mature period is more than 4 months are suitably selected to make wheat flour and its quality is the best.
The performance of rice grain filling and its relationship with characteristics of tolerance to photooxidation in early and late seasons
CHEN Dong-Mei, LIANG Yi-Yuan, XIAO Mei-Xiu, LIANG Kang-Jing, LIN Wen-Xiong
2006, 14(1): 37-41.
Abstract(825) PDF(1127)
Abstract:
The performance of rice grain filling and its relationship with characteristics of tolerance to photooxidation in early and late seasens were studied. The results indicate that the time of maximum grain filling rate and the stopping time of fast grown grain filling are later in the rice cultivars with the adaptation to high light intensity, and every parameter in grain filling period are relatively stable in different seasons. The reverse is true in the rice varieties with sensitivity to photooxidation.
Effects of low temperature on the permeability of cell membrane in leaf blade of two cultivars of Jasmimum sambac
GUO Su-Zhi, DENG Chuan-Yuan, ZHANG Guo-Jun, PAN Dong-Ming, LAI Zhong-Xiong
2006, 14(1): 42-44.
Abstract(1172) PDF(1242)
Abstract:
The influence of low temperature on the permeability of cell membrane and the extravasation contents of K+, Mg2+, Ca2+and soluble sugar in leaf blade of two cultivars of Jasmimum sambac was surveyed. The results show that the relative permeability of cell membrane and the extravasation contents such as K+, Mg2+, Ca2+and soluble sugar in two cultivars increase with the decrease of processing temperature, the relative permeability of cell membrane in two cultivars increase with the increase of low temperature duration. The above data suggest that the two cultivars of Jasminum sabac will be subjected to freezing injury under subzero low temperature, and Jasminum sabac(sigle petal) is more sensitive to chilling injury than Jasminum sabac(double petal).
Low temperature phenomena of wheat and mungbean canopy of different genotypes
ZHANG Song-Wu, ZHANG Bin, FENG Bai-Li, WANG Chang-Fa, GAO Xian-Li
2006, 14(1): 45-48.
Abstract(1265) PDF(996)
Abstract:
The low temperature phenomena of wheat and mungbean canopy were studied. The results show that the germplasm materials in wheat and mungbean have a persistent low canopy temperature, and their temperature type of the materials does not change whatever year and whatever kind of weather. Some important biological traits of the low temperature materials, i. e. the functional periods of the leaves, chlorophyll contents, protein nitrogen contents, SOD activities and net photosynthetic rates, are more excellent than those of the high temperature germplasm materials and all these can provide a solid ecological and physiologic basis to obtain high and stable yield. The low temperature materials in wheat and mungbean have a common characteristic with the excellent biological traits though the blood relationship of wheat and mungbean is very far, which is beneficial to the improvement of crop's productivity.
Analyses on the leaf physiological and biochemical characteristics of different sexual ginkgo plant
WANG Shuang-Ming
2006, 14(1): 49-50.
Abstract(1001) PDF(900)
Abstract:
Applying the chemical method of BTB, the leaf physiological and biochemical indexes of different sexual ginkgo plants were analyzed. The results show that the contents of chlorophyll, soluble sugar, protein and activities of CAT and POD of different sexual ginkgo leaves are remarkably different in a series of physiological and biochemical characteristics, and the resistive and suitable abilities of male ginkgo are stronger than those of female ginkgo.
Effect of magnetic field with different strengths on the free radical concentration in Sesamum indicum seeds
YIN Mei-Qiang, ZHANG Jia-Liang, MA Teng-Cai, WANG Xu-Zhen, LIN Qing-Song
2006, 14(1): 51-53.
Abstract(1295) PDF(926)
Abstract:
The electron spin resonance was used to trace the free radical concentration in the seed of Sesamum indicum treated with magnetic field once a day for 14 days. The results show that the free radical concentration in the Sesamum indicum seeds increases with the magnetic field treatment, and decreases obviously with the prolongation of storage period and loses more than 30% 14d later. The experiments with the optimum intensity of magnetic field (835G) to treat Sesamum indicum seeds for 12min, 24min, 36min, 48min and 60min demonstrate that the treatment time between 36 and 48min can get an ideal biological effects.
Effects of selenium on the seedling growth of Italian ryegrass under different N sources
WU Xiu-Feng, CHEN Ping, XI Jia-Bin
2006, 14(1): 54-56.
Abstract(912) PDF(867)
Abstract:
The effects of Se on the seedling growth of Italian ryegrass under different N sources are studied. The results show that the low concentration of Se has no significant positive effect on the growth of Italian ryegrass seedlings, but can increase the soluble protein content in root and soluble sugar content in shoot significantly. Se conc.≤0.10mg／L treatment can increase the dry matter weight of root and soluble protein content in shoot. Se 1.0mg／L treatmentcan decrease the seedling growth significantly and make it chlorosis. Urea-N increases the dry weight of Italian ryegrass seedling with dark green color. The mixed application of Se, Si and Se and Si has no positive effect on the increase of seedling weight and chlorophyll content in leaves under the same N source.
Effects of Cd stress on the physiological characteristics of maize
YANG Shuang-Chun, ZHANG Hong-Lin
2006, 14(1): 57-59.
Abstract(1194) PDF(1167)
Abstract:
The effects of Cd stress on the physiological characteristics of maize were studied. The results show that when maize grows normally, the resistance of maize against Cd is strong. The indexes of chlorophyll content and peroxide enzyme increase firstly at 0.2mg／L, 0.5mg／L, 1.0mg／L of Cd. The maximum stimulating concentration of Cd is 1.0mg／L and the toxicity concentration is 5.0mg／L. With the prolong of time and accumulation of Cd, the chlorophyll content decreases gradually, the activity of root falls and resumes, and the free proline increases and drops, indicating that the resistance of maize is strong and the poisons of Cd is restricted by the factors of time and its concentration. The dissociate proline changes obviously, it may be as a guide line of some plants against heavy metal.
Improvement of iron nutrition of chlorosis peanut by intercropping with wheat
GUO Gui-Ying, SHEN Jian-Bo, JIANG Rong-Feng, ZHANG Fu-Suo
2006, 14(1): 60-62.
Abstract(1356) PDF(1164)
Abstract:
A combined rhizo-box experiment with quartz sand-soil, simulating field observation of improving Fe-deficient chlorosis of peanut (Arachis hypogaeaL.) by intercropping with wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was conducted under the controlled environmental conditions to examine the effects of peanut-wheat intercropping on Fe nutrition of peanut in calcareous soils. The results show that the high pH and high content of CaCO3 are the main reasons for Fe-deficient chlorosis of peanut in calcareous soils. Fe-deficient chlorosis in young leaves of peanuts is obviously improved when chlorosis peanuts is intercropped with wheat. For the peanut intercropped with wheat for 16 days, the concentrations of chlorophyll and active Fe in young leaves and available Fe content in rhizosphere soils are prominently increased compared with monocropping. The results suggest that improvement of Fe nutrition of peanut may be related to the release of phytosiderophores from Fe-deficient wheat roots.
The accumulating amounts of nutrient element in Trifolium pratense population in different utilization periods
DU Zhan-Chi, FAN Jiang-Wen, ZHONG Hua-Ping, LI Ji-You
2006, 14(1): 63-65.
Abstract(1066) PDF(955)
Abstract:
The accumulating amounts of nutrient element in artificial Trifolium pratense population in different utilization period are studied. The results show that the T. pratense populations in different seasons, Mar. to May(Ⅰ), Jun. to Jul. (Ⅱ) and Aug. to Sept. (Ⅲ), the maximum and mean values of accumulating amount of nutrient element usually are Ⅰ＞Ⅱ＞Ⅲ. The accumulating amount of nutrient element increases usually with the prolongation of the growing day of T. pratense population before the flowering period. The accumulating amount of each nutrient element is higher in the first utilization at squaring to flowering phase than that at other growing periods. It indicates that the total nutrient matter is lower when the cutting phase is earlier, and the accumulating amount of element after cutting is lower than that before cutting.
Nutrient-adjustment of adaptability of wheat to drought-resistance
GUO Jin-Yao, YANG Xiao-Ling
2006, 14(1): 66-67.
Abstract(1204) PDF(858)
Abstract:
The effects of HLW—a new compound nutrients on the adaptability of wheat on drought-resistance were studied. The results show that HLW is sprinkled at a time on leaves during boot stage of wheat, which can change the leaves' structure, lower the cell's water potential, increase the cell's ability of absorbing and preserving water, improve the relative water content of plant and water use efficiency, adjust the transpiration, increase the root's biomass, the wheat's metabolism vitality and adaptability to drought.
Comparison of osmotic regulation and antioxidation between sorghum and maize seedlings under soil drought stress and water recovering conditions
SHAO Yan-Jun, SHAN Lun, LI Guang-Min
2006, 14(1): 68-70.
Abstract(2711) PDF(1893)
Abstract:
The results from pot experiment showed that the drought tolerance mechanism of osmotic regulation and antioxidation was all found in sorghum and maize seedlings. The drought tolerance of sorghum is stronger than that of maize, its leaf relative water content and water potential are higher under drought condition. The main osmotic regulation substances in sorghum are soluble sugar and protein, catalase(CAT) is used as the main antioxidant enzyme. K+and proline are the main osmotic regulation substances and the main antioxidant enzymes are superoxide dismutase(SOD) and peroxidase(POD) in maize.
Validation of WheatSM model in winter wheat production region of North China.
SUN Ning, FENG Li-Ping
2006, 14(1): 71-72.
Abstract(1057) PDF(938)
Abstract:
The suitability of WheatSM model was validated in the main winter wheatproducing regions in North China. The results show that the simulation precisions of WheatSM model on the growth periods and yields of winter wheat are higher and it is suitable in North China.
Ecological effects of black fluid-film mulched over in dry land winter wheat
CUI Huan-Hu, JING Hua, ZHAO Hai-Zhen, ZHANG Jun-Ling, WANG Jia
2006, 14(1): 73-75.
Abstract(1056) PDF(963)
Abstract:
The results from field experiment show that the application of black fluid-film has a good ecological effect in dry years, and the yield reaches 2188.5kg／hm2, 17.95% increased compare with the control. The water use efficiency is 0.78kg／m3, 22.26% higher than that of the control.
Impact of stalk mulching on the microclimate of intercropping ecosystems in upland red soil
HUANG Guo-Qin, ZHANG Ming-Lin, LIU Long-Wang, QIAN Hai-Yan
2006, 14(1): 76-78.
Abstract(1231) PDF(972)
Abstract:
The impact of stalk mulching on the microclimate of intercropping ecosystems in upland red soil was studied through field experiments. Stalk mulching can increase the flow caloric flux, decrease the soil caloric flux and laent caloric flux in upland red soil. As a result, air temperature near the ground and soil humidity are enchanced, soil temperature and humidity near the ground are declined. Stalk mulching has the effects of keeping the soil moisture and lowering the ground temperature.
Effects of crop rotation of pineapples-sugarcane on sugarcane growth and soil microflora
ZHENG Chao, LIU Yue-Lian, XIE Zhi-Guo, TAN Zhong-Wen
2006, 14(1): 79-80.
Abstract(1308) PDF(1055)
Abstract:
The effects of crop rotation of pineapples-sugarcane on sugarcane growth and soil microflora were studied. The results show that both of the sugarcane yield and sucroser content of cane in the crop rotation of pineapple-sugarcane are higher than those of the continuous cropping of sugarcane-sugarcane. Compared with other fields, the crop rotation field can improve the capability of aeration and water storage, accelerate the release of the quick effective nutrient, strengthen soil enzyme activity and increase the total quantity of microbe of soil. The beneficial ammonifier and the nitrifying bacteria double increase, while the unbeneficial anaerobic bacteria and denitrifying bacteria are inhibited.
Change of soil microbial biomass carbon in different agroecosystems
ZHANG Chun-Xia, HAO Ming-De, WEI Xiao-Rong, WANG Xu-Gang
2006, 14(1): 81-83.
Abstract(1537) PDF(1012)
Abstract:
The changes of soil microbial biomass carbon in different agroecosystems are studied. The results show that the effect of long-term fertilization of individual N, P is not significant, but the fertilization of manure can enhance the soil biomass carbon and the rate of biomass carbon／organic carbon. At the same time, leguminous can increase the content of biomass carbon in the course of crop rotation in aridland.
Yield effect of different wheat genotypes under varied water treatments
YUAN Yong-Hui, DENG Xi-Ping, ZHAO Li-Ying
2006, 14(1): 84-86.
Abstract(1070) PDF(908)
Abstract:
The effects of water alteration on the yield of different wheat genotypes and stage were studied. The results show that water variation at the jointing stage has a great effect on the yield. Under the effect of dropping yield owing to drought, compared with that of the well-watered treatment, the common wheat yield shrinks 29.45% at jointing stage, but only 12.70% at grainfilling stage. Compared with that of the water stress treatment, the common wheat yield increases 42.83% after rewatering at jointing stage, while increases 22.29% at grainfilling stage. Among different wheat genotypes, the yields of Zaipeiyili and Zaipeierli have only a change of 8.76% and 4.38% after rewatering at jointing stage.
Advances in the inhibition of soil evaporation in farmland
ZHANG Qing-Tao, QIU Guo-Yu, LI Li, WANG Li-Ming, CHEN Su-Ying
2006, 14(1): 87-89.
Abstract(1281) PDF(1030)
Abstract:
The effects and mechanisms of different water saving agricultural practices(mulching, cultivating practices, planting treatments and irrigation treatments) on preventing soil evaporation and the possible measures that should be emphasized in the future are discussed.
Water use efficiency of common tree species in the excessive and thick sandland regions of Northern China
GAO Su-Hua, GUO Jian-Ping, KANG Ling-Ling, WANG Yun-Zhang
2006, 14(1): 90-92.
Abstract(1098) PDF(956)
Abstract:
The water use efficiency and transpiration rate of common tree species under different radiations were measured by using Li-6400 potable photosynthetic system in the excessive and thick sandland regions of Northern China. The results show that the order of the water use efficiency of 6 tree species is acacia＞haw＞poplar＞osier＞elm＞walnut, and also show that the water use efficiency of S.psammophilais greater than that of C. intermedia, but its transpiration efficiency is far less than that of C. intermedia and the drought-resistant ability of S. psammophila is stronger than that of C. intermedia.
Prediction of soil erosion intensity based on the land use structure—A case study from Sichuan Province
LI Hui-Xia, LIU Shu-Zhen, HE Xiao-Rong, FAN Jian-Rong, ZHOU Hong-Yi
2006, 14(1): 93-95.
Abstract(1365) PDF(1070)
Abstract:
The land use structure indexes and soil erosion intensity indexes in Sichuan Province are calculated and the results show that the changing trend of the land use structure indexes is in accord with that of the soil erosion intensity indexes, proving that the prediction of soil erosion intensity with the land use structure indexes is reasonable and practical.
Effects of soil erosion on the soil properties in slope cropland of northern Shaanxi
JIA Ke-Li, CHANG Qing-Rui, WANG Zhan-Li, ZHANG Jun-Hua, QI Yan-Bing
2006, 14(1): 96-99.
Abstract(1289) PDF(1027)
Abstract:
The effects of soil erosion on the soil properties of northern Loess Plateau were studied. The results show that the erosions in the front and middle parts of the slope cropland are stronger, but the erosion is weaker in the top of slope. There is linear relations among total N, alkaline hydrolysis N, available K and water erosion, tillage erosion; organic matter, available P, and cation exchange capacity are related to water erosion and tillage erosion insignificantly.
Spatial variability of heavy metals in soil of Three-Gorges Reservior in Chongqing
YANG Mei, LIU Hong-Bin, WU Wei
2006, 14(1): 100-103.
Abstract(1175) PDF(1141)
Abstract:
The spatial variability of heavy metals in soil of Three-Gorges Reservior in Chongqing was studied. The results show that the Hg and Cr of soil heavy metal are distributed lognormally. The semivariogram models of Hg and Cr are power and spherical. These observed items are correlated in a given spatial range. The kriging method is applied to estimate the unobserved points and their group maps are obtained. The spatial variabilities of the heavy metals in Chongqing can be reflected clearly in the maps.
Spatial variability of soil Pb—A case study from Wutan Town, Chongqing City
FENG Yang, LIU Hong-Bin, WANG Zheng-Yin, WU Wei, WANG Shi-Ping
2006, 14(1): 104-107.
Abstract(1122) PDF(1017)
Abstract:
The spatial variability characteristics of Pb in soil at Wutan Town in Chongqing were studied using geostatistics method. The results show that the Pb has a good spatial structures. The spational distribution of Pb in a small region is not obviously varied, which is correlated with fertilization, crop, the level of management and so on. But the spatial distribution of Pb has gradually changed in the secondary region. The Pb concentration in paddy field is obviously higher than that in dry land because of the technique of management and water condition. The content of Pb which is lower than the national arterial criterion accounts for 29.79%, and which is lower than the national secondary criterion accounts for 70.21% in the whole region. The light pollution area accounts for 49.16%, and the medium pollution area accounts for 21.05% in the whole studied region.
Nitrogen balance of agro-ecosystem in a typical watershed in the hilly area of central Sichuan Basin
ZHU Bo, PENG Kui, XIE Hong-Mei
2006, 14(1): 108-111.
Abstract(1168) PDF(1135)
Abstract:
The nitrogen balance of agro-ecosystem in a typical watershed in the hilly area of central Sichuan Basin was studied. The results show that there is an excess application of nitrogen which is 363.5kg／hm2 in dryland and 161.8kg／hm2 in paddy field, respectively. The chemical nitrogen accounts for 76.65% of the total nitrogen input to the agro-ecosystem. Besides crops' harvest, nitrogen loss from agro-ecosystem amounts to 129.67kg／hm2·ɑ mainly by gas. Runoff, leaching and soil erosion are other important losses primarily from slope cropland which averages 44.34kg／hm2·ɑ. The nitrogen surplus of agro-ecosystem in the small watershed is 66.8kg／hm2·ɑ, which increases the nitrogen loss and results in non-point source pollution of nitrogen to some extent in this watershed.
Farmland nutrient balance of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in Gansu
ZHANG Shu-Qing
2006, 14(1): 112-114.
Abstract(839) PDF(806)
Abstract:
The farmland nutrient balance of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in Gansu Province was studied and the results show that N, P in this region are surplus, K is at a loss.
Seasonal variation of alkaline hydrolysis N in marsh soils in Xianghai wetlands
BAI Jun-Hong, CUI Bao-Shan, YANG Zhi-Feng, LIU Jie, WANG Qing-Gai
2006, 14(1): 115-117.
Abstract(1293) PDF(1043)
Abstract:
The characteristics of seasonal dynamics of alkaline hydrolysis N in marsh soils of `closed' wetlands and `open' wetlands were studied. The results show that the changing tendency of alkaline hydrolysis N concentrations in surface soils shows a shape of anomalous `N' in the two typical sites, as for other soil layers, the contents of alkaline hydrolysis N change gently, but increase for each soil layer in autumn. The changing processes of alkaline hydrolysis N contents in soils from each soil layer can be fitted by three order polynomial, and these models give a good fit.
Temporal-spatial variations of ammonia and nitrate under application of inorganic and organic fertilizers in purple soil of winter wheat
XIE Hong-Mei, ZHU Bo, ZHU Zhong-Lin
2006, 14(1): 118-121.
Abstract(1140) PDF(951)
Abstract:
The temporal-spatial variations of ammonia and nitrate were studied under application of inorganic and organic fertilizers in purple soil of winter wheat. The results show that there are two obvious reduction-and-increase turns for soil ammonia and nitrate during different growth periods of winter wheat, which are 15 days and 120 days after fertilizers application. The former (15th day) is believed to be related to nitrification and volatilization. The latter (120th day) is affected by both the strong absorption of plant and mineralization release. The trends of ammonia and nitrate in purple soil at different soil profiles (0～15cm, 15～30cm, 30～50cm) are affected by organic manure, which means that the nitrate is retained to move slowly to some degree. The nitrate-retaining effect of each treatment behaves as straw＋fertilizer＞pig manure＋fertilizer＞chicken manure＋fertilizer＞pure fertilizer. There is significantly negative correlation between the quantity of ammonia and nitrate, and the pure fertilizer treatment is the most significant.
Effects of different fertilizer application countermeasures on the soil nitrate nitrogen accumulation in dryland maize.
YANG Zhi-Ping, ZHOU Huai-Ping, ZHANG Qiang, GUAN Chun-Lin, CHENG Bin
2006, 14(1): 122-124.
Abstract(938) PDF(1070)
Abstract:
The effects of different fertilizer application countermeasures on the soil NO-3-N accumulation in dryland maize were studied by the long-term located experiments. The results show that the different fertilizer application countermeasures can cause the soil NO-3-N accumulation in 0～500cm soil body in some degrees and have more effect on 0～300cm soil layer. The treatment of autumn fertilization with stubble mulch return is a perfect pattern for obtaining higher yield of corn in the semi-damp and drought areas of North China, can lower the soil NO-3-N accumulation and cause smaller danger to the environment.
Effect of a long-term organic manure application on the different available carbons in red soils
SHAO Yue-Hong, PAN Jian-Jun, SUN Bo
2006, 14(1): 125-127.
Abstract(1300) PDF(864)
Abstract:
The effect of a long-term organic manure application on different available carbons in red soils are discussed. The results indicate that comparing the organic manure treatment with CK, different available carbons have different improvements on red soil. Effects of different treatments on the CMB and CT, CM are green manure＞farmyard manure＞rice straw＞straw returned to farm＞CK and farmyard manure＞green manure＞rice straw＞straw returned to farm＞CK respectively. Effects of different treatments on the CA, AAC, ABC, ACC and CPMI are green manure＞rice straw＞farmyard manure＞straw returned to farm＞CK. Green manure and rice straw have a better improvement on soil physical and chemical feature and fertility. CPMI is well related to soil nutrient factors and is sensitive to agricultural measures, which indicates that it is practical to assess soil C pools under different management practices using CPMI.
Effects of CaCO3 and Gypsum on leaching of phosphorus and dissolved organic carbon in soil
GUO Kun-Mei, CHI Bao-Liang, HUANG Xue-Fang, David Chittleborough
2006, 14(1): 128-130.
Abstract(1328) PDF(1040)
Abstract:
The effects of CaCO3 and Gypsum on leaching of phosphorus and dissolved organic carbon in soil of sampling areas in Southern Australia were studied. The results show that CaCO3 can reduce the leaching of both P and dissolved organic carbon; Gypsum can also reduce the leaching of P, however, it dramatically increases the leaching of dissolved organic carbon.
Effect of different measures on the overground yield and fluorine content of plant in soil-plant system
WAN Hong-You, ZHOU Sheng-Lu, HUANG Yun, LI Cheng-Hou, SHI Hui-Qin
2006, 14(1): 131-135.
Abstract(1115) PDF(815)
Abstract:
Potted plant experiment was carried out to study the overground yield and fluorine content of plant in soil-plant system under different measures. The results show that fluorine has a depressing effect on the spring of rye grass, it is easy to get fluorosis when it meets drought; green weight, dry weight and fluorine content of rye grass overground have the same trend between yellow soil and calcareous soil; the four materials selected do no good to the accumulation of the dry weight of rye grass; Si-Ca fertilizer and lime have negative effects on the fluorine content of rye grass, and do good to declining the fluorine content, coal fly ash has positive effect, saprolite of coal has positive effect on yellow soil, and negative effect on calcareous soil. Furthermore, Si-Ca fertilizer and saprolite of coal have a negative common effect in the two kinds of soil, while lime and coal fly ash have a positive common effect.
The influence of the application amount of N,P,K and its provision on the yield of Angelical dahurica var. formosasa
PU Sheng-Cai, ZHANG Xing-Cui, DING De-Rong, SHEN Ming-Liang, LU Jin
2006, 14(1): 136-138.
Abstract(1304) PDF(1091)
Abstract:
The influence of the application amount of N,P,K and its provision on the yield of Angelical dahurica var. formosasa was studied through 3 years experiments. The result indicates the positive relationship between the provision of N,P,K and the yield of Angelical dahurica var. formosasa. With the ascending of the fertilizers usage, the yield is promoted. The yield of the plant to which the fertilizers are applied is higher than the one to which the fertilizers are applied singly.
Effect and mechanism of humic acid compound fertilizer on the drought- and senility- resistant ability of wheat
XUE Shi-Chuan, LIU Xiu-Fen, DENG Jing-Hua
2006, 14(1): 139-141.
Abstract(1152) PDF(1023)
Abstract:
The effect of humic acid compound fertilizer on the drought- and senility- resistant ability of wheat was studied. The results show that the promotive effect of humic acid on the root activity and extension of wheat is the strongest when the humic acid concentration is 25～50mg／L. In the meantime, the activities of SOD, POD and NR are the highest, the wheat is growing best and the accumulated biomass is the highest. The experiment of soil culture shows that the activity of SOD and the content of proline in wheat are significantly improved and the relative permeability of plasma membrane of wheat is reduced by comparing the application of humic acid compound fertilizer with that of equal nutrients chemical fertilizer. All these are beneficial to promoting the drought- and senility- resistant ability of wheat and increasing the accumulation of dry matter. The relationship between fertilizer rate and above-mentioned physiological item is described with quadratic curve regression model. The highest fertilizer rate is 2.9～4.3g／pot.
Effects of fertilization on the growth, development and water use efficiency of spring millet
YAN Chang-Rong, MEI Xu-Rong, JU Hui, CHI Jie
2006, 14(1): 142-144.
Abstract(1105) PDF(1095)
Abstract:
The effects of different fertilization levels on the growth, development and water use efficiency of spring millet were studied in semi-humid region. The results show that the height of individual, ears per hectare and 1000-grain weight of spring millet increase with the increase of fertilization amount within a certain range of fertilizer application. At the same time, fertilization induces the water amount in 2-meter soil layer decreasing, and its decreasing range is increasing with the fertilization amount increasing, and the water use efficiency of spring millet increases from 11.56% to 16.24%. When the amount of fertilization over a threshold value, the increasing of fertilizer results in the reduction of yield and water use efficiency of spring millet.
Model analysis on interaction of water and fertilizer of celery in green-house
ZHANG Chang-Ai, ZHANG Min, MA Li, CHEN Ling-Xia
2006, 14(1): 145-148.
Abstract(1362) PDF(987)
Abstract:
The model for interaction of water and fertilizer of celery in green-house was established. Through deteriorating the model, the best component of water and fertilizer is N 525.9～572.1kg／hm2，P2O5320.8～354.4kg／hm2，K2O 572.3～574.8kg／hm2, and irrigation water 636～677.3m3／hm2·once.
Effect of cropping system on the manganese in lime concretion fluvo-aquaic soils
CHEN Dong-Feng, DING Wei-Xin
2006, 14(1): 149-151.
Abstract(1233) PDF(839)
Abstract:
The influences of cropping system changing from upland farming to the rotation of rice and upland farming on the total content, morphology and availability of manganese in lime concretion fluvo-aquic soils were studied. The results show that the contents of manganese in the residual, crystalline iron oxide bound, amorphous iron oxide bound, manganese oxide, organically bound and carbonate bound account for 27.19%～46.26%, 10.48%～21.65%, 2.76%～12.28%, 17.39%～26.53%, 10.61%～24.57%and 0.16%～8.35%of the total manganese content in soils,respectively. With the change of cropping system from upland farming to the rotation of rice and upland farming, manganese is released from crystalline iron oxide, and further transferred into organic matter and amorphous iron oxide or exists solely as manganese oxide. These result in the increase of the movability and availability of manganese for crops, leading to the decrease of the total content of manganese and the decreasing range that is 8.77%in the tilled layer of soils for rotation of rice and upland crops.
Biodegradation of organic pollutant in composting process
NIU Jun-Ling, CUI Zong-Jun, WANG Li-Li, LI Guo-Xue, LI Yan-Ming
2006, 14(1): 152-155.
Abstract(1858) PDF(1630)
Abstract:
The biodegradation process and mechanism of halogen hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, pesticide and petroleum hydrocarbons are stated. Then it is pointed out that for the future the main developing directions in the research field of organic pollutant biodegradation during the process of composition are the isolation and cultivation of high effective degradating microorganism, the exploitation of genetic engineering microorganism, the strengthening of the function of superficial active reagents on the biodegradation, the suitable composting condition for organic pollutants and the analysis of the substances produced by biodegradation of organic pollutants.
Advances in the control of heavy metal pollution in the process of resourceful treatment and utilization of sewage sludge
HUANG Ya-Xi, LI Ji, LI Guo-Xue, HUANG Yan
2006, 14(1): 156-158.
Abstract(1503) PDF(1255)
Abstract:
The advances in the control of heavy metal pollution in the process of resourceful treatment and utilization of sewage sludge in domestic and overseas are stated and the ways to control the heavy metal pollution of sewage sludge are put forward.
Evaluation to heavy metals pollution in agricultural soil in northern suburb of Xuzhou City
LIU Hong-Xia, HAN Bao-Ping, HAO Da-Ping
2006, 14(1): 159-161.
Abstract(1078) PDF(1006)
Abstract:
The situation of soil contamination with heavy metals in agricultural soil in the northern suburb of Xuzhou City was studied. The results indicate that the average contents of heavy metals(Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn, Cr) in the soil exceed the background values. The soil has been seriously contaminated with Cd and Cr. Pollution of Zn is at the warning-grade, while others are at the safe-grade. The order of integrated contamination index is Cr＞Cd＞Zn＞Cu＞Pb.
The environmental behaviors of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) in the soil
GE Cheng-Jun, YU Hua-Mei
2006, 14(1): 162-165.
Abstract(1258) PDF(1598)
Abstract:
This paper summarizes the sources, behavior and fate of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the soil environment. In addition, it provides some countermeasures to recover the soil polluted by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
Environmental quality assessment of main vegetable production bases in the urban area of Datong
CHENG Hong-Yan, XIE Ying-He, HONG Jian-Ping, FENG Liang-Rui
2006, 14(1): 166-169.
Abstract(1354) PDF(816)
Abstract:
The environmental qualities of the main vegetable production bases in Datong City area were evaluated and graded. The results show that the environmental quality of the main vegetables production bases in the area is pretty fine and can totally meet the request for the non-public hazard or green vegetables producing bases.
GIS analysis on the environment quality of green food production base in Qing'an County
ZANG Shu-Ying, BI Xue-Mei
2006, 14(1): 170-172.
Abstract(805) PDF(839)
Abstract:
The environment quality of green food production base in Qing'an County, Heilongjiang Province was analyzed. The results show that according to the national standard, the environment quality in this area does not be subjected to the pollution and reaches the standard of an A-level green food base, as for its northwest and southeast parts, the environment has a tendency of degradation in quality.
A projection pursuit model for comprehensive assessment on eco-environmental quality of regional agriculture
WANG Shun-Jiu, YANG Zhi-Feng
2006, 14(1): 173-175.
Abstract(1951) PDF(1409)
Abstract:
Using the projection pursuit technique, a comprehensive assessment model for regional agricultural eco-environmental quality is developed. Projection pursuit model can give a comprehensive assessment projection index based on the indexes of regional agricultural eco-environmental quality, and according to the value of projection index, a reasonable assessment result can be drawn and it is easy to do in practice.
Quality situation and pollution characteristics of fishery environment in Chongqing
ZHAO Zhong-Jin, HUANG Yun, LI Qi-Lin, CHEN Jing-Chun, LIU Yu-Ping
2006, 14(1): 176-180.
Abstract(1014) PDF(943)
Abstract:
The quality situation and pollution characteristics of fishery environment in Chongqing were analyzed. The results show that the rate of test points being up to standard is low and it takes only 48.3%. The main pollutants in water are total coliform bacteria and Cu, and the main pollutants in fishery sediment are Cr, BHC and DDT. The Cu content in water is 0.04～5.21 times, total coliform bacteria in water is 0.84～3.80 times, Cr in sediment is 0.002～0.43 times, BHC in sediment is 0.03～23.88 times, DDT in sediment is 0.08～14.05 times of the standard respectively. By correlation analysis, it is shown that the more the heavy metal in sediment is, the more the heavy metal in water is. By T-test, the contents of Cu, CODCr and DO in water of fishing net function area are markedly higher than those in ordinary fishery function area in the secondary rivers, and the content of Cr6＋in water is markedly lower than that in ordinary fishery function area. The content of Hg in sediment of fishing net function area is markedly higher than that in ordinary fishery function area in the secondary rivers. The order of test points being up to standard is the general fishing zone of the second rivers＞reservoir＞fishpond＞paddy field＞net fishing zone of the second rivers.
Composition and niche of spider community in apple orchard
LI Sheng-Cai, GAO Feng, WANG Ning-Bo, GONG Tian-Kui
2006, 14(1): 181-184.
Abstract(1317) PDF(969)
Abstract:
The composition and niche of spider community in apple orchard in central Shanxi are studied. The results show that the gathered 4447 spiders belong to 15 families, 41 genuses and 68 species. Applying the Berger-Parker(1974) index of dominant degree(d), the dominant species of spider community in orchard in different times are studied. According to fuzzy cluster analysis of two-dimensional overlap value and the similar index of species, eight kinds of spiders in apple trees are divided into two obvious competing species and three separated species(clustering threshold is λ＝0.89).
〗Effects of the crude extracts from Periploca sepium Bunge on the bioactivity of imported cabbage worm, Pieris rapae.
ZHU Jiu-Sheng, QIAO Xiong-Wu, WANG Jing, QIN Shu
2006, 14(1): 185-188.
Abstract(964) PDF(1131)
Abstract:
The effects of the crude extracts from Periploca sepium Bunge on the bioactivity of imported cabbage worm were studied. The results show that the effect of ethanol extract on the bioactivity of imported cabbage worm is higher than that from chloroform and petroleum ether extracts. The main insecticidal actions of the ethanol extract include the strong antifeedant activity and the growth inhibition and certain action of stomach poisoning to the larvae of imported cabbage worm. Antifeeding rate with dilution of 100 times is 94.9%, 87.8% and 92.7% against the 3rd, 4th and 5th instar larvae respectively in no choice test, and the rates of growth inhibition on the 4th instar larvae are 96.6% and 82.5% in 24h and 72h after treatment. The pupating and weight of pupaes are much lower than that of control. The crude extract has obvious detertory effect against the oviposition of imported cabbage worm. Oviposition deterrent rate is over 89.5%in 2～4d after treatment when the seedlings are sprayed by ethanol extract with dilution of 50～100 times.
The antimicrobial characters of the fermenting liquor of BC98-Ⅰ(B.cereus) and its antifungal crude extraction on Fusarium oxysporum WTHZ(Schl.) f. sp. cucumerinum Owen
GAO Fen, MA Li-Ping, QIAO Xiong-Wu, HAO Bian-Qing
2006, 14(1): 189-192.
Abstract(1558) PDF(1290)
Abstract:
The results show that the fermenting liquor of BC98-Ⅰ and its antifungal crude extraction have a strong inhibiting effect on cucumber wilt disease, they can decrease the rate of spore germination and make the hyphae grow abnormally. Their antimicrobial character is stable and have good endurance to the outside environment.
Studies on the cutting propagation of Taxus chinensis var. mairei. V. Occurrence and control of pests and diseases of the cuttage seedling in greenhouse
FU Rui-Shu, ZHU Jian-Hua, HUANG Qi, LIN Zhi-Peng, HUANG Jing-Sui
2006, 14(1): 193-195.
Abstract(1348) PDF(1334)
Abstract:
The technic system of integrated control of pests and diseases of the cuttage seedling of Taxus chinensis var. mairei in greenhouses was studied including the techniques of ecological control, physical control, cultivation control, sterilization and chemical control. Using the system of integrated control can decrease the doses of chemicals by 50% and attain a control effect of 95%.
Analysis on the environmental property of Picea asperata stand through four mathematical methods
MA Ming-Dong, LIU Yue-Jian
2006, 14(1): 196-201.
Abstract(889) PDF(927)
Abstract:
11 environmental factors including distribution, physiognomy, soil and vegetation type, etc. and four productivity indicators of status index, stand volume, biomass of tall trees and stand biomass are compared quantitatively through four mathematical methods of multi-linear regression analysis, stepwise regression, principal components analysis and the quantitative theory. All of the four mathematical methods can be applied in eliminating the environmental factors, but the quantitative theory is more visual. It shows not only the contribution of environmental factors to productivity but also the contribution difference of productivity due to the classification of sub-items within environmental factors. The criteria of sub-items classification combined with system clustering or Fuzzy clustering can also be directly applied in the ranking measures between sub-items, which forms the complete system of the environmental classification methods.
The natural recovery of the forest fire vestige, afforestation and its effect
ZENG Fu-Ping, WANG Ke-Lin, SONG Tong-Qing
2006, 14(1): 202-205.
Abstract(1118) PDF(958)
Abstract:
The natural recovery of the forest fire vestige and the afforestation and its effect in Northwest of Guangxi were studied. The results express that with the increment of the operating time, the soil organic matter is averagely increased by 2.50%～4.08%, total N by 11.80%～43.64%, total P by －2.33%～19.95%, total K by 17.73%～44.33%; the biomass amount of artificial oil tea is the tallest, which attains 87791kg／hm2, the next is artificial eucalyptus being 70799kg／hm2; the productivity of artificial wood lotus is the tallest being 36965kg／hm2, the next is artificial oil tea being 32746kg／hm2. The water and soil conservation effect of artificial bamboo and artificial oil tea is the best, the next is artificial wood lotus, artificial horsetail and artificial eucalyptus.
Dynamics in spatial and temporal change of sandy land in Horqin since the 50s of the 20th century
HOU Wei, ZHANG Shu-Wen, ZHANG Yang-Zhen, KUANG Wen-Hui, LI Ying
2006, 14(1): 206-208.
Abstract(718) PDF(946)
Abstract:
The landscape dynamics in spatial and temporal change of movable and semi-fixed sandy lands in Horqin are analyzed and the main reasons of dynamics in spatial and temporal change of sandy lands are analyzed also.
Landscape characters of agricultural ecology system in Huangta small watershed
WANG Yin-Chuan, XU Hao, SUN Dan-Feng, ZHANG Feng-Rong
2006, 14(1): 209-211.
Abstract(1500) PDF(1031)
Abstract:
Using modern technique GIS, Rs and GPS, landscape features of agro-ecology system are studied and the influences of topography, rock and texture of soil, mankind on Huangta small watershed are analyzed also.
Primary analysis on the successional regulation of agro-ecosystem in Shihezi Oasis
ZHANG Feng-Hua, CHEN Fu, PAN Xu-Dong
2006, 14(1): 212-214.
Abstract(1285) PDF(1089)
Abstract:
The successional regulation of agro-ecosystem in Shihezi Oasis along Manas River was analyzed. It shows that oasis agricultural productivity is in the process of nomal succession and the relevant ecology environment becomes retrogressive succession with more technique inputing and market opening. Human's activity is the essential cause of oasis succession and the environment is the key to accelerating the process of oasis succession, among which the distribution and using pattern of water resource are the predominant factor. Positive succession should be based on the temporal and spatial distribution and the coordinated utilization of oasis resource factors on the agro-ecosystem along Manas River.
A tentative study on agricultural developing pattern of eco-environmental fragile area in Western Jilin Province
LIU Gui-Huan, DONG Suo-Cheng, PENG Hu
2006, 14(1): 215-219.
Abstract(754) PDF(1019)
Abstract:
The eco-environmental fragile characters of Western Jilin Province and its restrictions on the agricultural development are analyzed. Then the patterns of eco-environment-oriented and profit-oriented agriculture, and the regional structure planning of western agriculture in Jilin Province are put forward.
Construction of ecoagricultural system with soil and water conservation in slopeland
LU Xi-Ping, SHI Dong-Mei
2006, 14(1): 220-222.
Abstract(902) PDF(950)
Abstract:
The model construction, its technical system, control mechanism, along with the evaluating index system of slopeland ecoagricultural system with soil and water conservation are studied. According to different cases, the optimized model construction of slopeland eco-agriculture with soil and water conservation type is analyzed.
The adjustive strategy of agricultural structure in mountain watershed—A case study from Shiwanxi watershed in Kai County, Chongqing City
QU Ming, LUO Yun-Yun, LI Rui-Xue
2006, 14(1): 223-225.
Abstract(1420) PDF(989)
Abstract:
Taking Shiwanxi watershed in Kai County of Chongqing City as an example, this article analyzes and forecasts the land use and the input-output of agricultural structure. Then, some strategies for adjusting the land use and agricultural structure are put forward.
The input-output features of farmland eco-economic system—A case study from Wugou Village,Gongyi City, Henan Province
QIAO Jia-Jun, XIONG Jian
2006, 14(1): 226-229.
Abstract(1405) PDF(990)
Abstract:
The input-output features of farmland eco-economic system in Wugou Village, Henan Province are studied. The results show that different types of farmland eco-economic systems have significant differences. In the respect of the material flow and the fund flow, the dry-flat farmland system is a high-input, high-output and low-ratio utilization system. In the respect of the energy flow, the dry-flat one is a high-input and high-output and high-ratio utilization system. In different farmland systems, the ratio of output to input of planting soybean is relatively higher. Comparing the structures of output and input of two major crops such as wheat and maize, the ratio of the dry slope farmland system is higher than that of the dry flat farmland system. When wheat is planted in the farmland system, the former is 1.31 times as the latter, when maize is planted in the farmland system, the former is 1.27 times as the latter.
Animal product quality and developmental strategies of animal husbandry in recovery region of Dongting Lake
TAN Zhi-Liang, PAN Ya-Fei, WANG Jiu-Rong, TANG Shao-Xun, SHAN Ji-Guang
2006, 14(1): 230-232.
Abstract(1024) PDF(920)
Abstract:
The animal product quality in recovery region of Dongting Lake was analyzed. The results show that the contents of major trace elements and heavy metals are the highest in cattle liver and the cadmium content is the highest in pig kidney. Under the present feeding conditions, the quality of the major animal meat and egg products are in keeping with the state sanitation standard of non-public hazard on animal products, however the contents of heavy metals, i. e., chromium, cadmium, plumbum, in animal by-products are higher than those of the state sanitation standard of non-public hazard food on animal products. The key measurements of assuring the sustainable development of animal husbandry are to enhance the control and determination of feedstuffs, animal product quality and feeding environments, and encourage the development of non-public hazard, green and organic animal husbandry in the demonstrative region.

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