2006 Vol. 14, No. 2

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Institution, technology, policy and water resources crisis
ZHOU Yu-Xi, MA Chuan-Dong
2006, 14(2): 1-4.
Abstract(1354) PDF(959)
Abstract:
Water resources crisis is defined and by water resource quantity, technology of its development and usage, fund and management institution, and the reason of water resources crisis is analyzed. The problem can be resolved through two ways, i.e. taping new resources to increase the supply and saving water to decrease the waste and at the same time through the mutual effort of every body from three directions, i.e. institution, technology and policy. At last, the policies of how to settle the problem of the water resources crisis for government in China are put forward.
Some related economic theories for developing circular economy
HUANG Li-Hong, KE Qing-Ming, LIN Wen-Xiong
2006, 14(2): 5-7.
Abstract(1597) PDF(853)
Abstract:
Some related economic theories are given in this paper to analyze the theory, policy and existing problems for developing circular economy, and in turn some suggestions and ideas are put forward.
A primary discussion on the construction of agriculture and forestry circular economy
ZHANG Lu-Qiang
2006, 14(2): 8-10.
Abstract(1234) PDF(953)
Abstract:
The construction of agriculture and forestry circular economy is the important composition of circular economy and circular society. In this paper, the primary principle of agriculture and forestry circular economy (cycling and reviving), the practical problems and their solutions in agriculture and forestry ecosystem are stated.
A discussion on macro-environment related the obstacle to development of eco-agriculture
LIU Tie-Jun
2006, 14(2): 11-14.
Abstract(1229) PDF(965)
Abstract:
The obstacle factors on development of eco-agriculture are analyzed from the macroenvironment and the suggestion on enhancement the construction and development of our countrys eco-agriculture are put forward.
Research of countermeasures on waste treating of intensive livestock and poultry farms in China
SU Yang
2006, 14(2): 15-18.
Abstract(2242) PDF(2566)
Abstract:
The pollution of intensive livestock and poultry farms is getting stronger. Only the method of comprehensive utilization based on marsh gas technique can solve the problem of the pollution because of the characteristics of the pollution of the majority of farms, but there are many obstacles that block the popularizing of the method: the bugs of environmental standards and managing system, the financial and technical barriers and the low profit of the byproducts. So it is suggested in the period of eleven fifth planning to manage intensively livestock and poultry farms in the way of controlling industry pollution, such as supporting the method of comprehensive utilization by tax reducing, preferential land price and favorable loans, promoting large and mid-size farms developing stockbreeding and agriculture synchronously.
Research Progress in pollution caused by raising poultry and its controlling countermeasures
PENG Li
2006, 14(2): 19-22.
Abstract(1553) PDF(1390)
Abstract:
The current status of environmental pollution caused by raising poultry and its damage, its controlling research progress all over the world in recent years are briefly stated in this paper.
Review on treatment technology of intensive livestock wastewater
DENG Liang-Wei
2006, 14(2): 23-26.
Abstract(3049) PDF(3297)
Abstract:
Three modes of intensive livestock wastewater treatment including landspreading, natural treatment and industrialized treatment are summarized in this paper and the applicability, advantage, disadvantage and status of research and application for every mode are expound. Finally, the opitimum treatment mode of wastewater is given.
Strategies for controlling water environmental pollution in the area of Baiyangdian Lake
ZHANG Xiao-Gui, LIU Shu-Qing, DOU Tie-Ling, JI Yan-Zhi, XUE Bao-Min
2006, 14(2): 27-31.
Abstract(1604) PDF(1658)
Abstract:
The surveys show that the water storage of Baiyangdian Lake is only 1/10 of that during 1960's, and the water quality of Baiyangdian Lake has been still becoming worse and worse, the water area with water qualities of grade Ⅳ is 29.7% of the total area, and the area of grade Ⅴ is 51.4%, and the area that is worse than grade Ⅴ is 18.9%. The pollutant sources in Baiyangdian Lake are mainly organic contaminants, in which CODMn (chemical oxygen demand), TN(total nitrogen) and TP (total phosphate) are much higher than the standards, and BOD5 (biochemical oxygen demand) is more of less contaminated too. Totally, the water environment in Baiyangdian Lake is of light eutrophication. Finally, the strategies to control water pollution of the lake are put forward.
Cloning and sequencing of the tandem arginine biosynthetic genes argCJBDFR from Corynebacterium crenatum A.S1.542
CHEN Xue-Lan, XU Zheng-Hong, TAO Wen-Yi, WANG Zheng-Xiang
2006, 14(2): 32-36.
Abstract(1186) PDF(920)
Abstract:
The tandem arginine biosynthetic genes argCJBDFR from Corynebacterium crenatum were amplified by PCR. Sequence analysis indicates that there are five open reading frames, including argJ, argB, argD, argF and argR in the 6080bp stretch. The amino acid sequences coded by argJBDFR genes show 92%, 95%, 96%, 97.5% and 100% identity to those of Corynebacterium glutacimum, respectively.
A restorer line ‘011’for hybrid sorghum production developed by using somaclonal variation technique
LIN Feng, WANG Xue-Ying, SHI Tai-Yuan, ZHOU Shao-Dong
2006, 14(2): 37-39.
Abstract(1618) PDF(978)
Abstract:
The young inflorescences collected from ‘0-30’, the male parent of ‘Shenza 5’,were exposed to 60Co-γrays at a dose of 10GY, then in-vitro cultured on MS media. A total of 89 R0 regenerants were obtained. Solid and segregating somaclonal variations in seven kinds of visual traits were seen in R1 generation with a variation frequency of 27.9%. Elite variants were isolated from the R1 solid and segregating population and crossed to sorghum male sterile lines. A somaclonal restorer called ‘011’ were selected out. The hybrid combination ‘7050A/011’ was featured by its high production and high antifungal.
Changes of bio-physical characters in anthers of thermo-sensitive genic male sterile (TGMS) rice ‘Annong S-1' under heat shock condition
XIAO Hui-Hai
2006, 14(2): 40-42.
Abstract(993) PDF(944)
Abstract:
The changes of bio-physical characters in anthers of thermo-sensitive genic male sterile rice ‘Annong S-1' under heat shock condition were studied. The results show that the totals of free amino acids, the contents of alanine and aspartic acid in anthers of ‘Annong S-1' through heat shock (38℃） are higher than those through low temperature (23℃）， and the contents of proline and soluble proteins through heat shock (38℃）are lower than those through low temperature (23℃). However, the changes are less in anthers of the control materials through heat shock (38℃) and low temperature (23℃). The changes affect possibly the normal meiosis of pollen mother cells and development of pollens, which leads to the sterility of pollens.
Active oxygen metabolism and accommodation of Chamaecrista spp. under chilling stress in seedling period
WENG Bo-Qi, JIANG Fu-Ying, FANG Jin-Mei, YING Zhao-Yang, HUANG Yi-Bin
2006, 14(2): 43-45.
Abstract(1238) PDF(1175)
Abstract:
Active oxygen metabolism and accommodation of Chamaecrista spp. CPI86134 under chilling stress in seedling period were studied. The results show that net rate of O2 generation, H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, and rate of leakage of electrolyte significantly increase with enhanced and longer chilling stress; the contents of scavenging enzymes (SOD, POD, AsA-POD) also fast increase in 48 hours under chilling stress, then slowly drop. So we can conclude that the enhancements of scavenging enzymes activity are the adaptive response to chilling stress, and the severe accumulations of O2 and H2O2 result in the lipid peroxidation and the damage of lipid system.
Sugars and sucrose-metabolizing enzymes in leaves of Lycium barbarum L. under salt stress
XU Xing, YANG Juan, ZHENG Guo-Qi, XU Zhao-Zhen, WEI Yu-Qing
2006, 14(2): 46-48.
Abstract(1210) PDF(1089)
Abstract:
The effects of sugars and sucrose-metabolizing enzymes in leaves of Lycium barbarum L. were studied. The results show that the concentration of polysaccharomyces and solubility sugar in the leaf of Lycium barbarum L. increase as the concentration of sodium chloride increases and as the salt intimidate time prolongs (P＜0.05）， and the concentration of cane sugar tends to increase, whereas the starch decreases significantly (P＜0.05）， the reducing sugar keeps a trend to decrease. Along with the increases of concentration of sodium chloride, the activity of neutral invertase (NI) decreases significantly; either 3g/ kg or 6g/ kg NaCl treatment has a little influence to the activity of acid invertase (AI); 3g/ kg NaCl decreases the enzyme activity of sucrose synthetase (SS), but has no effect on the activity of sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS). The activity of SS decreases first, and then increases, while SPSshows a little change when 6g/ kg NaCl is added. 9g/ kg NaCl can reduce the activity of both AI and SPS significantly (P＜0.05）.
Growth, development and ions distribution of three Halophytes under salt sress
LI Wei-Qiang, LIU Xiao-Jing, ZHAO Ke-Fu, LIU Hai-Liang
2006, 14(2): 49-52.
Abstract(1331) PDF(1443)
Abstract:
The growth, development and ions distribution in different parts of halophyte plants (Suaeda salsa, Suaeda glauca and Atriplex Centralasiatica) were studied in pot experiment. The results show that the seedling emergency rate decreases significantly, while the shoot and inflorescence length increase significantly with the increase of soil salt (NaCl) content. There is a good correlatiyity between the seedling emergency rate or inflorescence length and the soil salt contents. Sodium content in leaf increases with the increase of soil salt content, while other ion contents decrease slowly or do not change. Ions contents in stem are stable for Suaeda salsa and Suaeda glauca. In general, the contents of ions are sodium＞potassium/ magnesium＞calcium; while ions content in leaf is higher than that in stem.
Effects of Cd, Zn stress on the growth, contents of proline and GSH of tomato seedlings
DING Hai-Dong, QI Nai-Min, ZHU Wei-Min, WAN Yan-Hui
2006, 14(2): 53-55.
Abstract(2059) PDF(1266)
Abstract:
An experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of various cadmium and zinc stress on the germination, growth and correlatively physiological indicators of tomato seedlings. The results show that the cadmium and zinc remarkably inhibite the sprouting potential and the root elongation, but sprouting ratio is affected little. The plant height, biomass accumulation, water content of leaves and stem, chlorophyll content and chlorophyll a/b ratio are decreased. The contents of soluble sugar, proline and GSH are increased and those contents in leaves are higher than those in roots.
Effects of Zn2+ activity on seedling growth and Zn uptake of rice differing in resistance to Zn-deficit
CHEN Guang-Cai, LI Ying-Chun, WANG Ren-Min, YANG Xiao-E
2006, 14(2): 56-58.
Abstract(900) PDF(754)
Abstract:
The effects of Zn2+activity on seedling growth and Zn uptake of rice differing in resistance to Zn-deficit show that when the Zn2+ activity is low, the growth and development of rice is inhibited; the plant height, leaf number, and dry matter accumulation of rice decrease with the decreasing of Zn2+ activity, while the ratio of root to shoot and the Zn concentration ratio of shoot to root increase;Zn transferring capacity,supporting the root growth capacity of Zn-efficient rice genotype‘IR8192’are higher than those of Zn-inefficient rice genotype‘IR26’as Zn deficiency.
Effects of stem-cutting ratooning treatment on the activities of some physiological indexes of photoperiod (temperature)-sensitive genic male sterile rice(PTGMSR)[STHZ]‘Peiai64S’
ZHONG Lei, CHEN Xiao-Rong, TANG Li-Mei, ZHAO Bao-Zhen
2006, 14(2): 59-61.
Abstract(951) PDF(971)
Abstract:
The effects of stem-cutting ratooning treatment on the activities of some physiological indexes of photoperiod(temperature)-sensitive genic male sterile rice(PTGMSR)‘Peiai64S’were studied.The results show that the stem-cutting ratooning treatment can increase the content of chlorophyll and enhance the activity of nitrate reductase of the flag leaf.Meanwhile it promotes the accumulation of soluble sugar to panicle and increases the contents of free proline of flag leaf, stem,and panicle.
Studies on cutting propagation of Taxus chinensis var. mairei Ⅶ. Comparison of photosynthesis physiological characteristics between the seed seedlings and the cutting seedlings
FU Rui-Shu, HUANG Qi, LIU Ai-Qin, XU Lu-Xia, HUANG Xue-Ling
2006, 14(2): 62-63.
Abstract(1170) PDF(1098)
Abstract:
The photosynthesis physiological characteristics of the seed seedlings and the cutting seedlings of Taxus chinensis var.mairei were analyzed. The results show that the total amount of hlorophyll, chlorophyll a and b, weight of leaf, CO2 compensation value, active of reductase nitrate and net photosynthesis in the seed seedlings are higher than those of the cutting seedlings.
Studies on cutting propagation of Taxus chinensis var. maireiⅧ. Comparison of physiological metabolism between the seed seedlings and the cutting seedlings
FU Rui-Shu, ZHU Jian-Hua, LIU Sen-Xun, FANG Dan, KE Yu-Qin
2006, 14(2): 64-65.
Abstract(1388) PDF(1001)
Abstract:
Some indexes of the growth and metabolism of roots and leaves of cutting seedlings and seed seedlings of Taxus chinensis var. mairei were compared.The results show that the vigor and respiratory intensity of roots, the contents of endogenous indoleacetic acid (IAA), chlorogenic acid, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, protein and free amino acids of leaves of the seed seedlings are higher than those of the cutting seedlings; but activities of IAA, oxidase and peroxidase(POD)and the content of abscisic acid of leaves of the seedlings are lower than those of the cutting seedlings. The experimental results can provide a theoretical basis for a scale production of the cutting seedlings and the control of their nutrient level.
Comparison of the spectral characteristics of rice,soybean and reed—A case study from Liaohe River Delta
LIU Qing-Sheng, LIU Gao-Huan, CHU Xiao-Lei
2006, 14(2): 66-69.
Abstract(1205) PDF(1064)
Abstract:
Through the analyses on 42 rice field canopy spectral samples,15 soybean field canopy spectral samples and 15 reed field canopy spectral samples, some conclusions were made. The average spectrum of rice is less than that of reed, which is less than that of soybean. The shape of average spectrum of the first derivative of rice is similar to that of reed and soybean. The average spectrum of the first derivatives of rice is less than that of reed, which is less than that of soybean at 528nm, and in wavelengths between 700 and 760nm, rice has two peaks at 705nm and 728nm and one valley at 715nm, and reed only has one peak at 725nm, and soybean only has one peak at 705nm. In wavelengths between 360 and 963nm, the shape of average spectrum of the second derivatives of rice is similar to that of reed and soybean. In wavelengths between 1086 and 1150nm, the shapes of average spectrum of the second derivatives of rice, reed and soybean are different. In wavelengths between 1086 and 1113nm, the rice and reed only have a single peak, and the soybean has double peaks. In wavelengths between 1113 and 1150nm, the rice and soybean only have a single peak, and the reed has double peaks. Then, the function of the significant peaks and valleys of the first and the second derivative spectra of rice and reed and soybean on the distinction of three plants is stated.
Transpiration characters of Caragana korshinskii and its influence factors
PAN Zhan-Bing, JIANG Qi, GUO Yong-Zhong, WEN Xue-Fei, ZUO Zhong
2006, 14(2): 70-71.
Abstract(1196) PDF(931)
Abstract:
The results of the study on the transpiration characters of Caragana korshinskii and its influence factors show that the daily variation of transpiration of Caragana korshinskii is double peaks which appear at 11:00 and 15:00, the average of daily transpiration rate is 4.51mmol/m2·s, and the major environmental factors affecting transpiration rate are the air temperature, the relative humidity of atmosphere and the soil water respectively.
The changes of photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate of maize seedling under soil progressive drought
ZHANG Wen-Li, ZHANG Tong, WU Dong-Xiu, ZHANG Sui-Qi, SHAN Lun
2006, 14(2): 72-75.
Abstract(1384) PDF(1130)
Abstract:
The changes of photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr) and water use efficiency (WUE) of maize seedlings under soil progressive drought were studied. The results show that photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate increase a little with the declining of soil water content during the early drought days. When soil moisture is 90% of field water capacity (FWC),they both reach the maximum. Then they begin to decrease with unceasing drought. The rate of decreasing is slow at first, but when soil moisture is below 70% of FWC, it decreases linearly with decreasing soil water.The changes are caused synthetically or alternately by stomatal and non-stomatal factors. Leaf water potential-0.8MPa is an important threshold in enhancing photosynthetic rate and water use efficiency.
The changes of CaM content and its relation to water content under osmotic stress in wheat seedlings
ZHENG Gui-Zhen, GUAN Jun-Feng, LI Guang-Min
2006, 14(2): 76-78.
Abstract(1343) PDF(1009)
Abstract:
The research results show that under osmotic stress at -0.73MPa caused by PEG-6000(25%,w/v),the content of water in seedlings is decreased,and the content of CaM(Calmodulin)in leaves increases rapidly,and reaches the higher level at 12h of stress,is lower than that of the control afterwards;however,the content of CaM in roots decreases at 12h of stress,and then increases to a peak at 48h,and declines quickly in the end.Under the above osmotic stress,the addition of exogenous CPZ(100μmol/L),a CaM antagonist,can decrease obviously the relative water content (RWC)and dry matter weight of leaves,enhance the membrane permeability,and also inhibit the elongation of leaves and roots.
Effects of different dehumidified treatments on tomato growth and nutrients accumulation inside greenhouses
LIANG Cheng-Fu, CHEN Zheng-Fa, LI Wen-Xiang, XU Long-Tie, HUANG Guang-Rong
2006, 14(2): 79-81.
Abstract(1173) PDF(1125)
Abstract:
The effects of different dehumidified treatments on tomato growth and nutrients accumulation inside greenhouses were studied.The results show that the tomato plant becomes more higher,the cauline diameter becomes more bigger,and marked differences exist compared to the CK,inflorescence number,flower number,fruit number are increased markedly after condensation by underground heat-circulation,but leaf number,bud number,shatter number in addition to organic C,Ca and Mg is contrary after two different dehumidified treatments.While the differences exist including total N,total P,total K after two dehumidified treatments.No marked influences on the assignment rate of tomato dry matter exist after the two treatments.
Competition of water,fertilizer and light between Choerospondias axillaries trees and peanut in the low hilly land of red soil —Analysis on using rate of N of Choerospondias axillaries trees and peanut
ZHAI Jin-Sheng, WANG Ming-Zhu, ZHANG Bin, WANG Xing-Xiang
2006, 14(2): 82-84.
Abstract(1311) PDF(933)
Abstract:
Using rate of N by 15N tracer isotope and the influence on the yield and biomass of Choerospondias axillaries trees and peanut in their agroforestry system are studied and the function of N nutrient is analyzed in the competition of various factors such as light energy,water,N nutrient.
Effects of nitrogen application and remained leaves on the N uptake and nicotinc content of flue-cured tobacco
LIU Hong, XIONG De-Zhong, XU Qian
2006, 14(2): 85-87.
Abstract(1234) PDF(1134)
Abstract:
By using the 15N technique,the effects of nitrogen application and remained leaves on the N uptake and nicotine content of flue-cured tobacco were studied.The results show that there are observable effects of different nitrogen applications and remained leaves on the tobacco’s growth,dry matter accumulation,N uptake and distribution,nicotine content.N uptake and distribution affect the nicotine content of tobacco,about half of the fertilizer nitrogen is distributed in the leaves of tobacco and mainly in higher position leaves of tobacco plant.Nitrogen nutrition affects the nicotine content of higher position leaves of tobacco,the control of the nitrogen application and remained leaves can decrease the nitrogen content of the higher position leaves,thus decreasing their nicotine content.
Effects of N,P,K application and their optimum fertilization parameters for Sinocalamue oldhami in alluvion soil area
HONG Wei, CHEN Hui, WU Cheng-Zhen, LIN Yong-Ming
2006, 14(2): 88-91.
Abstract(1283) PDF(856)
Abstract:
According to mixed design method,assisted by minor element and growth regulator,the fertilizer experiments of N,P and K are conducted for Sinocalamue oldhami planted in alluvion soil area,the mathematical reflecting models of prescription of fertilization for Sinocalamue oldhami planted in alluvion soil area and economic benefit are established,and the optimum fertilization parameters for Sinocalamue oldhami planted in alluvion soil area are formed by computer simulation and optimization.After applying this compound fertilizer,the economic benefit of Sinocalamue oldhami forest planted in alluvion soil area will increase about 30%.
Nutrition diagnosis and balanced application of fertilizers of Coffea arabica L. in coffee-litchi agroforestry
CAI Chuan-Tao, YAO Tian-Quan, LIU Hong-Mao, ZHOU Qing-Hui, WANG Hua
2006, 14(2): 92-94.
Abstract(1185) PDF(972)
Abstract:
Under different applying amounts and rations of nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P),potassium(K) nutrients,the state of nutritions of Coffea arabica L.in coffee-litchi agroforestry was studied.It has been found that N is the most important factor of influencing the yield of C.arabica L.,and K and P are the next respectively.The yield can be improved obviously through spraying appropriate amount of B and Zn elements on the leaves.The ratio of the matching experiments in fertilization level of N,P,K is 1∶0.5∶1.Otherwise,the yield of C.arabica L.is increased with the increasing dosage of N,P,K,and the yield of fresh fruits is from 15 t/hm2 to 30 t/hm2.It has been suggested that the index of nutrition diagnosis of C.arabica L.in Simao region is 25～30gN/kg,1.0～1.5gP/kg,15～25gK/kg,10～12gCa/kg,2.5～5.0gMg/kg,10～15mgZn/kg and 40～50mgB/kg.The most optimum amounts of fertilizers of N,P2O5,K2O are 50～100g,25～50g,50～100g for a plant in one year respectively.
Effects of crop residues incorporation and N-fertilizer utilization on the matter production of summer maize
HUO Zhu, WANG Pu, FU Jin-Feng
2006, 14(2): 95-98.
Abstract(1073) PDF(1168)
Abstract:
The effects of crop residues incorporation and N-fertilizer on the dry matter of summer maize were studied.The results show that crop residues in corporation and N-fertilizer utilization can promote the matter production of summer maize,delay the decrepitude of summer maize's leaves in some degree,prolong the function period of leaves and increase the transportation ability of dry matter from stem to grain.
Characteristics of N loss and its environmental effects in the dryland of Huang-Huai-Hai plain
CHEN Jian, SONG Chun -Mei, LIU Yun-Hui
2006, 14(2): 99-102.
Abstract(830) PDF(922)
Abstract:
Based on the N balance parameters and statistical data,the characteristics of N loss and its environmental effects for the dominant crops of winter wheat and summer maize in Huang-Huai-Hai plain were studied.The results indicated that with the increase of N fertilizer application from 1992 to 1998,the total N loss, ammonia volatilization loss, nitrificattion-denitrification loss, leaching and runoff per unit area were gradually increased. The residual rate,loss rate and utilization efficiency were different for N fertilizers and crops;the loss of N fertilizers was much higher in the field of summer maize than that in the field of winter wheat. At last, the environmental effect of N loss and possible countermeasures were discussed.
spatial variations of soil ammonia and nitrate under application of inorganic and organic fertilizers in purple soil—Summer corn season
XIE Hong-Mei, ZHU Bo, ZHU Zhong-Lin
2006, 14(2): 103-106.
Abstract(1190) PDF(1147)
Abstract:
The temporal-spatial variations of the contents of Soil NH4+-N and NO-3-N in purple soil under different fertilization systems in summer corn seasen were analyzed.The results show that there are significantly negative correlation between the quantities of soil ammonia and nitrate; the content of soil ammonia changes in wavelike shape with the time. At the ripe period, soil ammonia behaves like ‘K’ in the profile.However,the distribution of soil nitrate is quite irregular in time and space. Rainfall and the distribution of plant roots are important factors of the movement of soil nitrate. Rainfall has a significant effect on nitrate leaching.The quantity of soil nitrate is changed by fertilization,and possibility of leaching increases. The leaching trend behaves like pure chemical fertilizer＞pure pig manure＞pig manure and chemical fertilizer＞CK.The distribution of plant roots correlates with the absorption and utilization of soil nitrate.The growth of plant roots is promoted by organic fertilizer,promoting the absorption of nutrition by roots in the deep soil layer.Under the application of organic fertilizer,nitrate is retained to move downward slowly.It is pointed out that we should pay attention to the risk that soil nitrate moves from 30～80 centimeter of soil layer and pollutes the under ground water.
Effects of municipal solid waste compost and chemical fertilizer on plant growth in different soils
LI Wan-Cai, ZHANG Li-Rong, MA Hai-Lin
2006, 14(2): 107-110.
Abstract(1336) PDF(990)
Abstract:
A pot experiment was conducted to compare the effects of municipal solid waste compost and chemical fertilizer on the growth of ryegrass(Lolium perenne L.) in different soils. The results show that the compost and chemical fertilizer significantly increase the dry matter production of ryegrass.The application of 50t/hm2 of compost alone inceases the dry matter yield by 39.53% and 109.38%, while that of chemical NPK alone, by 267.44% and 406.25% for Yangchun and Da'an soils,respectively. The combination of compost and chemical NPK( NPK+C25 for Yangchun and NPK+C50 for Da'an) shows the highest crop yields. The contents of soil organic carbon,available P,K,Fe,Mn,Zn,Cu,and pH are obviously increased after the treatment with compost.
Nitrification inhibition of dicyandiamide on urea in the red soil of different textures
YANG Chun-Xia, LI Yong-Mei
2006, 14(2): 111-113.
Abstract(1288) PDF(1193)
Abstract:
The nitrification inhibition of dicyandiamide on urea in the red soil of different textures was studied.The results show that the hydrolyzation rate of urea in the loam soil and the clay soil is quicker than that in the sandy loam soil,and dicyandiamide slows down the nitrification of urea in the loam soil and clay soil but improves it in the sandy soil.The transformation of urea in the sandy soil by adding or without adding dicyandiamide needs 49 days.It requires 35 days in the clay while it is prolonged for 14 days after adding dicyandiamide.However the nitrification time of urea in the loam needs further research.
Study on the effect of photosynthetic bacteria liquid on the growth of sweet pepper
XIA Qing, XIA Hong, ZHANG Jin-Feng
2006, 14(2): 114-115.
Abstract(961) PDF(994)
Abstract:
The effect of photosynthetic bacteria liquid on the growth and output of sweet pepper was tested in the greenhouse. It shows that the photosynthetic rate of sweet pepper,peroxidase activities and the content of chlorophll have been increased considerably. Therefore,the yield of sweet pepper is increased.
Effects of inoculation with different AM isolates on the maize growth and P uptake in acidic soil
LIU Wen-Ke, FENG Gu, LI Xiao-Lin
2006, 14(2): 116-118.
Abstract(1402) PDF(1008)
Abstract:
The effects of inoculation with different AM isolates on the maize growth and P uptake in acidic soil were studied.The results show that there are significant differences among fungal species or ecotypes in mycorrhza formation,effectiveness and contribution to plant P uptake.About mycorrhiza formation,`BEG141'(isolated from France),`BEG168'(isolated from North China) and ‘BEG151’(isolated from South China) have higher colonization rate of 20% and ‘BEG167’(isolated from North China) follows,the ‘HAU-E4’ (isolated from Middle China) and ‘BEG150’ (isolated from South China) are the lowest.‘BEG150’ and ‘BEG168’ have markedly effect on the maize shoot biomass and plant growth, and no effect is performed by isolated ‘BEG151’ and ‘BEG141’, while ‘BEG167’ and ‘HAU-E4’ present a significant negative effect on the maize shoot biomass and plant growth. Except ‘BEG167’, all of the isolates are helpful to the P uptake, expecially ‘BEG168’ and ‘BEG141’. In terms of function, apart form ‘BEG167’ and ‘HAU-E4’, all other isolates can be used in acidic soil, and ‘BEG168’ and ‘BEG150’ are the most promising isolates to be applied on acidic soil.
Effects of cucumber continuous cropping on the soil physi-chemical characters and biological activities
〗LU Wei-Guang, YU Ting-Yuan, ZHU Hai-Tao, SHEN Qi-Rong, ZHANG Chun-Lan
2006, 14(2): 119-121.
Abstract(1812) PDF(1382)
Abstract:
The effects of cucumber continuous cropping on the soil physi-chemical characters and biology activities were studied through pot and field trials.The results show that cucumber continuous cropping makes the soil secondary salinization heavy; makes the soil nutrition unbalanced, i.e. P is excessive and K content low; and also makes the bacterium-type soil transferred into the epiphyte-type soil,causing the heavy soil root-knot nematode disease,being 4.38 pieces of root-knot nematode in one gram soil.
The physical and chemical characters of artificial synthetic soil and their influence on the growth and output of tomato
QIN Jia-Hai, CHEN Guang-Quan
2006, 14(2): 122-125.
Abstract(1095) PDF(1136)
Abstract:
The physical and chemical characters of some kinds of artificial synthetic soil and their influence on the growth and output of tomato were studied. The results show that the volume ratio of rubbish lives, sheep dung, corn straw,chaff quan dregs and rich soil is 0.20∶0.15∶0.15∶0.10∶0.40,joining quickly stale dose of ferment bacterium and the tomato fertilizer for special purpose,ferment to handle the rear artificial synthetic soil of compounding. It is helpful for tomato growth. Comparing with traditional soil culture(CK),soil bulk density reduces 0.31g/cm3,total porosity, woollen pipe porosity and air porosity increase 11.71%, 6.12% and 5.59% respectively;naturally water content,volume water content,water layer thickness and reservoir storage increase 106.93g/kg, 6.12%,12.24mm and 122.46m3/hm2; organic matter,available N,available P, available K and cation exchange capacity increase 16.70g/kg,29.97mg/kg,11.37mg/kg,35.25mg/kg and 5.73cmol/kg; the height,diameter, one fruit weight,fruit weight per plant,output,output value and profit of tomato increase 36.16cm,0.50cm,33.30g,0.97kg/plant,36.30t/hm2,21.8 thousand yuan/hm2，10.7thousand yuan/hm2.And for the element Hg, Cd,Cr and Pb of heavy metal,the enrichments have obvious slow down tendency.
Food web in soil and its ecological function
CHEN Guo-Kang, CAO Zhi-Ping
2006, 14(2): 126-130.
Abstract(1184) PDF(1882)
Abstract:
The food web in soil,with two types of detrital food chain and predator food chain, is defined as a relationship of resource and consumer formed by functional groups of soil organisms. The study significance and status of food web in soil are analyzed and the function of soil food web in soil ecosystem is also stated.
Research methods of soil microbial biomass carbon turnover and its influencing factors
ZHOU Jiao-Gen, HUANG Dao-You
2006, 14(2): 131-134.
Abstract(1211) PDF(1118)
Abstract:
Three common methods of determining the soil microbial biomass carbon turnover and its influencing factors,and the modified method of determining the soil microbial biomass carbon turnover and its promising application are stated in this paper,and the research results of the soil microbial biomass carbon turnover are analyzed under different ecological environments,soil textures and soil managements and so on.
CO2 emission from soil and its affecting factors in loess area
ZHANG Xiao-Long, MA Run-Hua
2006, 14(2): 135-137.
Abstract(1157) PDF(780)
Abstract:
The research results show that the amount of CO2 emission from soil tends to keeping pace with the temperature change in Xi’an loess area,however the change of the former is later than that of the latter.The amount changes all the year round,with the highest amount in the summer,then the autumn,and the lowest in the winter. The amount varies under the different conditions of vegetation.Generally speaking,there is a higher amount on the bare ground.The emission of CO2 is sensitive to the texture and structure of soil.More CO2 is emitted from loose layers than solid ones.
Ametryn residues and its degradation dynamics in pineapple and soil
LI Xue-Sheng, LU Zhi-Xin, LIN Ming-Zhen
2006, 14(2): 138-140.
Abstract(1936) PDF(1368)
Abstract:
By the gas chromatographic method,the determination of ametryn degradation dynamics and final ametryn residues in pineapple and soil was conducted.The results show that its minimum detectable amount is 0.0232ng,its minimum detectable concentration is 0.002mg/kg in pineapple and 0.005mg/kg in soil,the average recoveries in pineapple and soil are 87.23%～92.10% and 88.80%～93.77%,respectively.When 80% ametryn was used at a dose of 4800g(a.i)/hm2,it had been found its initial residues in pineapple and soil are 0.1448～0.1646mg/kg and 3.3318～3.5536mg/kg,respectively and their half-lives are 29.17～29.45 days and 25.75～30.68 days,respectively.The final residues in the pineapple that received the treatment of ametryn for 1 time and with an interval of 10 days are 0.1646mg/kg and 0.1488mg/kg in 2 years.The amount of ametryn residues are lower than the maximum residue limit stipulated by EU(0.2mg/kg)
Present situation of chemical pesticides controlling cucumber pests in sunlight greenhouse and its controlling countermeasures
CHEN Zhi-Jie, ZHANG Shu-Lian, ZHANG Feng, LIANG Yin-Li, XU Fu-Li
2006, 14(2): 141-143.
Abstract(1196) PDF(1078)
Abstract:
The damage,the present situation of chemical controlling and the existing problems of cucumber pests in sunlight greenhouse are analyzed.Some comprehensive controlling countermeasures,such as improving the plant mineral nutrient level,ecological control,cucumber bagging and scientific application of chemical pesticides are put forward also.
Evaluation of resistance of wheat variety and parental material to the air-spread disease
YUAN Zong-Ying, WU Ying-Peng, LI Yan-Fang, ZENG Wei-Fang
2006, 14(2): 144-146.
Abstract(1271) PDF(964)
Abstract:
Experiments were conducted to evaluate the resistance of wheat varieties and parental materials to the air -spread disease caused by the dominant physiological races(including stripe rust,leaf rust and powdery mildew) and pathological types in Shanxi Province. 1111 samples were inoculated with the mixed race and 479 samples were inoculated with different physiological races of stripe rust by hand.This work provides more information and anti-sources for breeders and a scientific basis of the examination of wheat varieties.
Forecast model of BYDV in winter wheat
FAN Shao-Qiang, XIE Xian-Sheng, LI Feng, YIN Qing-Yun, ZHENG Wang-Yi
2006, 14(2): 147-149.
Abstract(1274) PDF(1153)
Abstract:
The forecast factors of BYDV popularity and their prominent effect on the disease are analyzed and the study developments of forecast on current BYDV are summarized.The forecast model of BYDV—Y=-1.0944-0.0322X1+0.2604X2+0.1049X3-0.0062X4+0.0382X5—is constituted using the regressive analysis method. The model’s ratio according with the history equal 87.5% by the regressive test.
Current status and recent advances on the tobacco viruses
MA Guo-Sheng, HE Bo-Ru
2006, 14(2): 150-153.
Abstract(1646) PDF(1608)
Abstract:
Recent research advances on the main kinds, latest taxonomy,determination and probe technique,and genetic engineering of anti-virus,etc., of tobacco viruses are briefly stated.The related fields of further studies on determining and probing techniques, development of anti-virus medicaments, and genetic modified tobacco, et al, are prospected. Research and development of reagent box to determine and probe tobacco viruses are recommended,too.
Assessment of site condition quality of the natural forest of Picea asperata by multi-factor quantitative analysis
MA Ming-Dong, LUO Cheng-De, ZHANG Jian, HU Ting-Xing, LIU Yue-Jian
2006, 14(2): 154-158.
Abstract(1564) PDF(1001)
Abstract:
This article utilizes quantitative theory Ⅰ to build the evaluation models of multi-factor quantitative site condition quality of the natural forest of Picea asperata (Chinese spruce). The duplicate relative coefficient of the models, Rym, is 0.6888，Rym t value is 11.0804. Through Rym t test, t0.05=1.98＜tactual value. And the site quality evaluation table and site quality grade evaluation table are made, which are capable to directly predict the non-woodland productivity capacity and the growth impression.
Quantitative classification of site condition in natural forest of Picea asperata.
MA Ming-Dong, LUO Cheng-De, ZHANG Jian, HU Ting-Xing, LIU Yue-Jian
2006, 14(2): 159-163.
Abstract(1823) PDF(1245)
Abstract:
Based on multi-linearity regression analysis, stepwise regression analysis, multi-theory Ⅰ and other mathematical methods, the distinct site factors affecting the productivity capacity of Picea asperata were selected. By system clustering and principal component analysis with those factors, the quantitative classification of site condition in natural forest of Picea asperata was carried out and the system of classification with 5 grades is summarized: producing areas→ecotope→site group→site type→site style category and the alpine producing areas of the northwest of Sichuan Province, China are divided into 2 ecotopes, 5 site groups, 11 site types and 17 site styles.
Regional simulation of wheat yield in China under the climatic change conditions
XIONG Wei, JU Hui, XU Yin-Long, LIN Er-Da
2006, 14(2): 164-167.
Abstract(1942) PDF(1468)
Abstract:
n this research, we applied the newest emission scenarios of the sulfur and greenhouse gases, i.e. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Special Report on Emission Scenarios (SRES) A2 and B2 scenarios, combined with the RCM (Regional Climate Model) model and CERES-Wheat model to investigate the change of wheat yield in 2080s. The results show that under the two emission scenarios, in 2080s, the yield of rainfed wheat decreases dramatically; irrigation can offset the decrease, but can not stop it; the yield increases for both irrigated wheat and rainfed wheat if the direct effect of CO2 is considered in the simulation.
Seeding opportunity and location of artificial precipitation enhancement operation of a stratiform-cloud
LIAN Zhi-Luan, DUAN Ying
2006, 14(2): 168-172.
Abstract(1480) PDF(1090)
Abstract:
Using doppler radar, satellite nephogram and traditional sounding data, a widespread rain event occurring in the North-China on Feb. 20, 2004 was analyzed, and the application of dopplar radar and sounding data on artificial precipitation enhancement operation by rocket was studied.
Effects of the change of temperature and precipitation in recent 40 years on the agricultural production in Sanhe City
SUN Hong-Yong, HU Chun-Sheng, ZHANG Xi-Ying, CHEN Su-Ying, PEI Dong
2006, 14(2): 173-176.
Abstract(1497) PDF(1206)
Abstract:
This paper has analyzed the meteorological data between 1960 and 2002 and the results show that the air temperature increases 0.04℃/year and the increasing ratio is winter＞spring＞autumn＞summer; the accumulative temperature is also increasing, the increasing ratio trends towards the total accumulative temperature＞the accumulative temperature not less than 0℃＞the accumulative temperature not less than 10℃; the precipitation in five years decreased about 150mm from the beginning of 1960s to the end of 1990s and the change of precipitation occurd in the summer maize season, and which influenced the plant and growth of winter wheat.
Moisture migration regularity and new irrigation method in the sandy soil of river ancient channel
WANG Hong, ZHOU Da-Mai, ZHANG Ai-Jun, ZHANG Yue-Chen, REN Shi-Kui
2006, 14(2): 177-179.
Abstract(1702) PDF(982)
Abstract:
The moisture migration regularity and the new irrigation method in the sandy soil of river ancient channel were studied. The results indicate that the soil water evaporation capacity in 7 days with different treatments of irrigating water quota is not significantly different. The trial in 7-year pear trees soil indicates that the sufficient irrigation and the reduction of the frequency of irrigation can save water and raise the yield. The soil moisture can not make a breakthrough of the pear tree's major root system scope as the irrigating water quota is 1200m3/hm2 and the soil moisture does not suffice the peer when the irrigating water quota is 600m3/hm2 and the peer trees are irrigated 6 times in the growing period of the trees. The irrigating water quota of 900m3/hm2 and the 4 times irrigation in the growing period of the trees is the suitable method.
Water-saving effect evaluation of agricultural synthetic technology in well-irrigation fields-A case study from Sanhe agricultural demonstrating fields, Hebei Province
PEI Dong, WANG Zhen-Hua, ZHANG Xi-Ying, CHEN Su-Ying, HU Chun-Sheng
2006, 14(2): 180-184.
Abstract(1239) PDF(990)
Abstract:
Using the fuzzy evaluation method to Sanhe agricultural experiment fields, Hebei Province, the water-saving benefit was evaluated from three ways including direct water-saving effect, direct water-saving economic benefit and social influence. The results indicate that the pattern of pea+spring corn has the highest score,then the pattern of spring corn and spring corn+winter wheat+summer corn, the synthetic pattern Ⅲ and Ⅳ have obvious water-saving benefit. Appropriate adjustment of the agriculture structure can make obvious water-saving effect and economic effect. The results also show that the synthetic pattern(deficit irrigation into little fields+straw mulching+no-tillage)has better economic and water-saving benefit than the single patterns.
The ways of rain resource exploitation in the west of Henan
CHEN Wei-Jie, LI Chong-Xin, LI Zhan
2006, 14(2): 185-188.
Abstract(1106) PDF(816)
Abstract:
The current status of rain resource exploitation in the west of Henan is stated and the using models and exploiting ways of rain resource in this area are put forward.
The cropping system for facility agriculture on Loess Plateau
LIANG Yin-Li, XU Fu-Li, DU She-Ni, QI Jian-Hua, CHEN Zhi-Jie
2006, 14(2): 189-190.
Abstract(1305) PDF(1159)
Abstract:
The cropping systems of cucumber and other different crops which were conducted in plastic greenhouse on Loess Plateau were studied. The results show that after cucumber harvest, there is significant effects of different cropping systems on soil microbe, the soil microbe is the lowest in follow, the second lower is planting cowpea or other legumina crops. The highest cucumber yield can be got after planting corn for green manure, black-bean for green manure or planting cowpea, then higher cucumber yield can be got after follow, the cucumber yield is the lowest after planting tomato, cabbage. It is efficient rotation system for overcoming continuous cropping obstacle to use rotation system of cucumber with corn for green manure, black-bean for green manure or planting cowpea.
Comparison of soil and plant characteristics in organic, integrated and conventional cultivation patterns of vegetable production
LIU Chang, LI Ji, YANG He-Fa
2006, 14(2): 191-194.
Abstract(1147) PDF(1015)
Abstract:
The comparative experiments indicate that the application of organic fertilizer can promote the plant growth, increase the vegetable yield and improve the physical and chemical characters and fertility of soil. By using the organic and integrated cultivation patterns, the contents of organic matter, total N, available K in the soil are 48.5%，25.4%，130.1% and 5.1%，4.3%，81.6% higher than those by using the conventional cultivation pattern. The study on tomato shows that the vitamin C, sugar and soluble solid contents of the plant in the organic pattern are 11.9%，14.1% and 3.9% higher than those in the conventional pattern. The study on celery shows that the vitamin C, sugar and soluble solid contents of the plant in the organic pattern are 11.2%，12.5% and 43.8% higher than those in the conventional pattern. The nitrate contents of the plants in the organic and integrated patterns are 30.6% and 25.9% lower than those in the conventional pattern.
Application and evaluation of ecological and high efficient technology of growing rice and raising duck together
GUO Jiu-Lin
2006, 14(2): 195-197.
Abstract(858) PDF(822)
Abstract:
The effect and comprehensive economical benefit of ecological and high efficient technology of growing rice and raising duck together is analyzed and the main measures have been put forward to quicken the popularization and application of the technology.
Ecological and economic effects of tea-Chinese fir complex plantation in hilly red soil of subtropical region
DONG Cheng-Sen, XIAO Run-Lin, PENG Wan-Xia, PENG Pei-Qin
2006, 14(2): 198-202.
Abstract(1166) PDF(901)
Abstract:
The comparison of ecological effects of pure tea plantation and tea-Chinese fir complex plantation in hilly red soil of subtropical region of China had been made. Chinese fir was planted around and between the tea plantation, showing that the intensity of illumination in complex plantation decreases by 31.1%～50.1% than that in pure tea plantation; the air temperature, soil temperature, leaves temperature and the frequency of high temperature are also lowered, however, the humidity and moisture content increased. In addition, the number of pests in complex plantation decreases by 54.6% than that in pure tea plantation, and the number of natural enemies of pests increases by 118.75%.The tea yield is increased and its quality is improved in the tea-Chinese fir complex plantation.
Development patterns of regional eco-agriculture in Shandong Province
ZHENG Jun, SHI Jian-Min
2006, 14(2): 203-206.
Abstract(1458) PDF(1353)
Abstract:
The main industries of eco-agriculture which are suitable for different regional development of Shangdong are established and the patterns of eco-agriculture and the major tendency of development in these districts are also proposed.
The current status and countermeasures of ecological agriculture development in Fujian Province
PAN Hong-Tu, KANG Wen-Jie, LIN Qing
2006, 14(2): 207-209.
Abstract(1241) PDF(1166)
Abstract:
The current status and the existing problems of ecological agriculture development in Fujian Province are stated in this paper. The developing main point in the future is to construct “four projects”. The countermeasures to ecological agriculture in the future are to increase investment, pursue clean production, construct the example counties for ecological agriculture, consolidate technical cooperation among Fujian and Taiwan and internation, build three guarantee systems.
The expandable evaluation model of regional land ecological suitability and its application
XU Bao-Gen, XUE Ji-Bin
2006, 14(2): 210-212.
Abstract(1565) PDF(985)
Abstract:
The significance and the study developments about the evaluation of land ecological suitability are analyzed, and the expandable evaluation model of land ecological suitability for the selection and distribution of dominant agriculture is explored. Then taking Xi County experimental district as an example, the model of land ecological suitability is actually examined, and the result shows the model is feasible.
The soil resources evaluation methods and the definition of the evaluation factors weight
YU Yong, ZHOU Da-Mai, WANG Hong, ZHANG Ai-Jun
2006, 14(2): 213-215.
Abstract(2110) PDF(2446)
Abstract:
The soil resources evaluation methods and the definition of the evaluation factors weight have been summarized. The benefits and shortcomings of the objective evaluation(principal component analysis，factor analysis law,grey incidence law and entropy value law)and the subjective evaluation(Delphi’s law and AHP's law)are also appraised,showing that the subjective evaluations has the decision person’s subjectiveness and the objective evaluations is short of the wish of policy makers.The comprehensive collection of subjective and objective informations should be a new way of the soil resources evaluation and the definite of the evaluation factors weight.
Investigation and analysis on environmental quality of farmland in Hai’an County，Jiangsu Province
DING Hua-Ping, CHEN Bin, JI Ying-Ming, ZHONG Chong-Ping, JI Xun-Feng
2006, 14(2): 216-219.
Abstract(1431) PDF(989)
Abstract:
The investigation and analysis on environmental quality of farmland in Hai’an County，Jiangsu Province show that 96.67% farmland accords with the environmental condition for nonpollution agricultural production，and about 2/3 for green food production.The irrigating source water of rice reaches a clean level.
The early warning system of environmental quality in production base of green food supported by GIS—A case study from the national ecological agriculture demonstration area in Qing’an County，Heilongjiang Province
ZANG Shu-Ying, BI Xue-Mei
2006, 14(2): 220-223.
Abstract(1264) PDF(990)
Abstract:
Taking the production base of green food，the national ecological agriculture demonstration area in Qing’an County as an example,this paper forecasts the occurring probability of environmental quality status in the coming five years and analyzes the early warning of environmental quality negative evolution and the early warning of aggravation speed by adopting the Markov chain model.The results show that the early warning signal of negative evolution has been given by the environmental quality in Jubao Village,Dongyang Village and Nihe Farm located in the studied area.And the environmental quality aggravation speed is the fastest in Jinxing Village,Hongxing Village,Jianye Village,Jianmin Village,Shuangli Village and Dongyang Village.Finally,the solving countermeasures are put forward.
Landscape patterns in Honghu wetland using RS and GIS
WANG Qian, REN Xian-You, XIAO Fei, LI Tao
2006, 14(2): 224-226.
Abstract(1596) PDF(1197)
Abstract:
By making use of the 3S technology,the actualities of Honghu wetland configuration and wetland type were investigated.The area of every type of wetland was calculated.Then,the landscape patters of Honghu wetland were analyzed in a quantitative way.The results show that the percent of every type of the wetland landscape has some difference.Diversity and equality of landscape are low.And most of the areas are controlled by only a few type of landscape.The degree of fragmentation and disturbance by people are not heavy.
Landscape ecology and landscape optimization in hills areas in West Guangdong Province—A case study from Xindong Town,Gaozhou City
ZHONG Lai-Yuan, HAO Jin-Min
2006, 14(2): 227-229.
Abstract(1281) PDF(1557)
Abstract:
Using GIS,the current status and existing problems of landscape ecology of hills in West Guangdong Province was analyzed according to the theory of landscape ecology.And the measures of optimizing landscape are suggested from the internal of landscape element,landscape structure and landscape function.
Study on monitoring-assessing expert system for major agrometeorological disasters in Anhui Province
YANG Tai-Ming, LI Long-Shu, ZHANG Ai-Min
2006, 14(2): 230-232.
Abstract(935) PDF(1067)
Abstract:
The designing thought,construction of knowledge base,reasoning mechanism and application of monitoring-assessing expert system for major agrometeorological disasters in Anhui Province are stated.

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