中国生态农业学报(中英文)

Research advance on no-tillage and soil erosion

WEN Mei-Li, LIU Bao-Yuan, YE Z hi-Han, FU Jin-Sheng

2006, 14(3): 1-3.

Abstract(1423) PDF(1171)

Abstract:
The mechanism of controlling soil erosion without tillage outside and inside our country,its effects on soil characteristics and the direction of its application in our country are introduced in this paper.

Review on research progress and application of growing media for vegetable production in China

LIU Wei, YU Hong-J un, JIANG Wei-Jie

2006, 14(3): 4-7.

Abstract(2292) PDF(3016)

Abstract:
The report introduces the new achievements and application methods including selecting substrates, pretreatments, the ratio of substrates mixed, nutrient supply and scientific use of substrates. The general situation of research, application and future trends of soilless culture substrates for vegetables in China is discussed as well.

The effect of heat stress on grain growth in the growing period of wheat

ZHANG Ying-Hua, WANG Zhi-Min

2006, 14(3): 8-11.

Abstract(1274) PDF(1122)

Abstract:
The effect of heat stress in the grain-growing period of wheat was studied.The results show that post-anthesis high temperature influences the grain yield and the quality of wheat by altering the source and sink functions.The effects of high temperature on the grain growth depend on the timing of heat exposure and the degree of heat stress.Under the moderately high temperature （25～32℃）,the grain mass primar ily reduces by reducing the duration of grain filling.Under the very high temper ature （33～40℃），the filling rate decreases and the sustainable period of fil ling shortens,finally the grain weight decreases significantly.Soluble starch sy nthase（SSS）is very sensitive to high temperature.It is shown that the reduction in the rate of grain growth at high temperature is mainly due to the reduced a ctivity of SSS.Compared with leaf blades,the non-leaf green or gans in wheat possess higher levels of C₄ photosynthetic enzymes and have greater heat tolerance in photosynthesis.Therefore,in order to improve the grain yie ld of wheat under high temperature conditions,it is important to strengthen the role of non-leaf organs in photosynthetic source and inc rease the activity of SSS in grain sink.

Advances in plant nitrogen nutrient genotypic difference

WANG Xin-Chao, CHEN Liang, YANG Ya-J un, YAO Ming-Zhe, ZHAO Li-Ping

2006, 14(3): 12-15.

Abstract(1221) PDF(1205)

Abstract:
The new advances in plant nitrogen nutrient genotype variation are reviewed through morphology，physiology，biochemistry，genetics and molecular biology.And it is practical to improve plant nitrogen utilization efficiency through the breeding program.

Role of Agrodiversity in agro-ecosystem health and its management measures

DONG Yu-Hong, OUYANG Zhu, LIU Shi-Liang

2006, 14(3): 16-20.

Abstract(1287) PDF(1136)

Abstract:
The nature of agrodiversity,its influencing factors and the role of agrodiversity in agro-ecosystem health are stated,indicating that agrobiodiversity protection needs not only the preservation of biological integrity and diversity,but also agroecosystem health and managem ents.Finally,the agroecosystem management countermeasures that enhance agrodiver sity are described.

Study on the biomass and productivity of Mongolian oak forests in northeast region of China

XU Zhong-Qi, LI Wen-Hua, LIU Wen-Zhong, WU Xue-Bin

2006, 14(3): 21-24.

Abstract(1193) PDF(1031)

Abstract:
The research on arborous layer biomass and productivity of 5 kinds of Mongolian oak forests （Quercus Mongolia）was performed.The results show that according to the biomass,the Mongolian oak forests are ranked in a descending order as follows：filbert oak forest（249754.45kg/hm²）,high production oak forest（184750.00kg/hm²）,lespedeza oak forest（128312.00kg/hm²）,rhododendron oak forest（124573.16kg/hm²）,oak coppice （42974.50kg/hm²）.The biomass of most stands is distributed in the trees which are bigger in diameter and less in number.The comparison between the biomass of the oak forests and that of other secondary forests in northeast region of China shows that filbert oak forest＞bi rch forest＞high production oak forest＞miscellaneous tree forest＞lespedeza oak forest＞rhododendron oak forest＞mountain polar forest＞hard broad-leaved forest＞oak coppice.The net productivity of the oak forests is 1870 1.3kg/hm²·ɑ for filbert oak forest,7682.6kg/hm²·ɑ for oak coppice,7622 .1kg/hm²·ɑ for rhododendron oak forest,7588.5kg/hm²·ɑ for lespedeza oak forest,6984.0kg/hm²·ɑ for high production oak forest.

Changes of above-ground biomass,species population and biotope in grazed and ungrazed grassland in Qinghai Gong-he Basin

SUN Jian-Guang, LI Bao-Guo, LU Qi

2006, 14(3): 25-27.

Abstract(1281) PDF(961)

Abstract:
The changes of above-ground biomass,species population and biotope in the grazed and ungrazed grassland in Qinghai Gong-he Basin were studied. The results indicate that the above-ground biomass and height of plant in ungrazed grassland are higher than those in the grazed grassland,and the degeneration intensity of grassland is medium a nd sever according to the ratio of biomasses between the ungrazed and grazed gra sslands in Gong-he;the desert vegetations invade and gradually become the dominant or secondary dominant species,the biomass of predominant species is decreased,so according to the ratio of biomasses between other species and domi nant species,＜0.1 is a slight degeneration,0.1～0.5 is a light degeneration, 0.5～1.0 is a medium degeneration,1.0～5.0 is a sever degeneration,and＞5.0 is a very sever degeneration,and Jijicao grassland is of a medium and sever degene ration,stipa grassland is of a sever and very sever degeneration at present;there are two directional restorations（former grassland and other degraded grasslan d）in ungrazed grassland of Qinghai Gong-he Basin,but a single directional degeneration to desert,so it makes the Gong-he Ba sin biotope and desertification poorer.

Studies on the environment and biodiversity of the desert grassland area in Xiangshan Mountain,Ningxia

SHANG Zhan-Huan, YAO Ai-Xing, XIN Ming, LONG Rui-Jun, GUO Rui-Ying

2006, 14(3): 28-32.

Abstract(922) PDF(1060)

Abstract:
Based on the investigation of the large plots and typical samples,the environment and biodiversity of the desert grassland area in Xiangshan Mountain,Ningxia were analyzed. The results show that the 151 species investigated in the region belong to 39 families or 95 genera.The distribution of plant community fits the characteristics of mountainous desert grassland.The most types of the community are in the shady slope of the mountain. The dynamics of the community diversity are influenced by the time, topography, and soil moisture content very much.Shrubby community is the most important factor to maintain the function of ecosystem.It is the keystone for the biodiversity conservation in the region.The insect communities are fitting with the characteristics of grassland communities in the dry area.Few of large animals indicates that the conservation must be done.

Comprehensive evaluation of the rainwater resources-carrying capacity of small watershed of Loess Plateau

ZHAO Xi-Ning, FENG Hao, WU Pu-Te, WANG Wan-Zhong

2006, 14(3): 33-35.

Abstract(1096) PDF(915)

Abstract:
The definition of the carrying capacity of rainw ater resources in small watershed of Loess Plateau is put forward and the evaluation model and index system of rainwater resources-carrying capacity are established .The model is applied to evaluate the rainwater resources-carrying capacity of 11 experimental small watersheds on the Loess Plateau.

Effects of successive planting on carbon storage of Chinese fir forest

WEI Hai-Dong, LIU Ai-Qin, MA Xiang-Qing, LIN Kai-Min, FAN Shao-Hui

2006, 14(3): 36-39.

Abstract(1201) PDF(1033)

Abstract:
The effect of successive planting on the carbon content, carbon storage and annual net carbon fixation of Chinese fir with diffe rent ages were measured.The results show that the carbon content is not influen ced significantly by the planting generation,and the carbon contents of the orga ns in the same generation and age are in the sequence as following:bark＞leaf＞s tem＞root＞branch. Whereas there are significant differences of carbon storage and annual net fixation among different generation stands, which decrease with the increment of planting generation. The maximum differences of carbon storage and annual net carbon fixation are those of the middle-aged stand.Compared with the first generation of the middle-aged stand, the second generat ion stand and the third generation stand own decreased carbon storage,which are l ower by 16.98% and 63.60%,respectively,and annual net carbon fixation which are lower by 14.01% and 25.14%.

Effects of organic-inorganic rubbish-mixed fertilizer on the soil physical and chemical characters and wheat yield

QIN Jia-Hai, LIU Jin-Rong, XIE Xiao-Rong, CHEN Guang-Quan

2006, 14(3): 40-42.

Abstract(1449) PDF(1200)

Abstract:
The effects of organic-inorganic rubbish-mixed fertilizer on the soil physical and chemical chara cters,and wheat yield were studied.The results show that compared with the treat ment without fertilizers,the bulk density of organic-inorganic rubbish-mixed fertilizer treatment in 0～20 cm soil layer decr eases 0.04 g/cm³,the total porosity increases by 1.51%,the granule structure of ＞0.25 mm increase by 5.10%,the natural water content increases 71.68 g/kg,the store water increases 153.50 m³/hm²,the cation exchange capac ity increases 7.03 cmol/kg,the soil organic matter and alkali-hydr olysis N,available P and available K increase 1.77 g/kg,20.51 mg/kg,2.95 mg/k g and 1 1.10 mg/kg,the pH value reduces 0.07.The wheat ear and grain number,1000-grain weight and output of wheat increase 170 thousands/hm²,8.73, 7.2 4 g and 1.53 t/hm²,the rate of increasing yield reaches 31.23%.And in soil,the element Hg, Cd, Cr and Pb enrichment of heavy metal have slow down tendency obviously.Between different treatments,the difference reaches signifi cant and very significant level by LSR inspection.

Profile characteristics of available nutrients and heavy metal concent rations in greenhouse soils

LI Jian-Yun, HOU Yan -Lin, WANG Xin-Min, DONG Xian-Z hong

2006, 14(3): 43-45.

Abstract(1511) PDF(965)

Abstract:
The profile characteristics of available N,P,K and heavy metal concentrations in greenhouse soils of Shenyang suburb were studied.The results show that with the planting years going by,the available N and P have a significant increase,have a significant positive correlation with the planting years and the available K also has increased for some extent,but not so high. The contents of heavy metals copper,zinc, cadmium and lead in the protected soil of the greenhouse are higher than those of field,and with the prolongation of planting years,their concentrations are also going up,but they do not exceed the quality criterion of soil environment.

In situ determination of ammonia volatilization in field of North China

DONG Wen-Xu, HU Chun-Sheng, ZHANG Yu-Ming

2006, 14(3): 46-48.

Abstract(1276) PDF(1440)

Abstract:
By the double-layer-sponge-trapping method rectified,the ammonia volatilization was measured after applying different nitrogen fertilizers or those with phosphor or potassium fertilizer.The results show that ammonia volatilization is affected greatly by the application method of N fertilizer,temperature of soil and irrigation.The loss of ammonia volatilization is in a range from 0.67 to 9.91 kg/hm²,accounting for 0.41%～5.0% of total N amount applied,of which the majority occurs in summer maize seasons（above 80%）.Ammonia volatilization is reduced greatly when the urea is mixed with TCP,while it does not change obviously after adding potassium fertilizer.

Effects of returning crop straw into Vertisol on the physical and chemical prope rties and availability of manganese, zinc, copper

WANG Jin-Fang, LIU Yue-Juan, LI Ben-Yin

2006, 14(3): 49-51.

Abstract(1817) PDF(1662)

Abstract:
Field trials and laboratory incubation experiments were carried out to study the effects of returning crop straw into Vertisol on its physical and chemical properties and availability of Cu, Zn and Mn. The results show that returning crop straw can decrease the soil bulk density and increase the soil porosity,especially the soil capillary porosity. The contents of humic acid and fulic acid in soil are also increased obviously. The increasing content of humic acid has a good effect on the activity increase of soil organic matter and on the soil fertility improvement. It is found that compared with applying chemical fertilizer alone, returning crop straw with applying chemical fertilizers raises the contents of exchangeable form of manganese, zinc and copper in soil by 11%, 21% and 41%,respectively; the contents of organic matter bound forms of manganese and copper are increased by 19% and 103%, respectively.Soil incubation experiment results show that when the powder straws is incubated with Vertisol for 3 months, the contents of available manganese and copper are increased by 21% and 27%, respectively.

Effects of various anionic zinc fertilizers on the rice nutrition and zinc forms in soil

XU Wei-Hong, WANG Zheng-Y in, YUAN De-Hou, CAO Qiu-Hua, GUO Xian-Feng

2006, 14(3): 52-55.

Abstract(899) PDF(980)

Abstract:
Pot experiment was carried out to study the effects of 3 kinds of anionic zinc fertilizers on the growth,nutrient uptake of rice and zinc forms in soil.The results indicate that the yield is more benefitly increased by Zn(NO₃)₂ ,or by a combined application of Zn(NO₃)₂ and ZnSO₄ than ZnSO₄,ZnCl₂.The Zn content of various forms in provided soil is in the order of Ex-Zn and OM-Zn＜CAB-Zn＜COFe-Zn＜AOFe-Zn＜OMn-Zn ＜mineral Zn.Total Zn content in 3 forms of Ex-Zn and OM-Zn and OMn-Zn（i.e.available Zn）is 9.2mg/kg and 9.6% of the total soil Zn.The mineral Zn is the native form in paddy soil,and its content is 69.3mg/kg and 72.0%of the total soil Zn.The contents of CAB-Zn,AOFe-Zn and OMn-Zn are increased by rice planting,the Zn contents of various forms in soil are in the order of Ex-Zn and OM-Zn＜COFe-Zn＜CAB-Zn＜AOFe-Zn＜OMn-Zn＜mineral Zn.Total Zn content in 3 forms of Ex-Zn and OM-Zn and OMn-Zn is 10.5mg/kg and occupies 11.2% of the total soil Zn.The mineral Zn is still the native form in paddy soil,but the content is decreased by 4.2 mg/kg and 2.7% of the total soil Zn.The amount of total Zn uptake,the total soil Zn,the content of OMn-Zn and COFe-Zn are enhanced by application of zinc fertilizer and the content of available soil Zn（i.e. Ex-Zn,OM-Zn and OMn-Zn）is increased by 12.7%～103.8%.

Effects of long-term located fertilization on the a vailable boron content of soil

REN Shun-Rong, SHAO Yu-Cui, GAO Bao-Yan, WANG De-Fan g

2006, 14(3): 56-57.

Abstract(802) PDF(1003)

Abstract:
The effects of long-term located fertilization on the available boron content of soil were studied.The results show that the available boron contents in 0～20cm soil layers of the six different fertilization treatments including N ,NP,NPK,N+organic fertilizer,N+straw and no fertilizer show a direct correlation to the years of the localized fertilizer study with the coefficient r=0.8094～0.8847.The different fertilization treatments all give an increased available boron contents,which are 2.9～4.7 times of the basic values of the experiments, and come in the order of N+organic fertilizer＞NP＞N+straw＞N＞NPK＞no f ertilizer.Fertilization combined with NPK helps to win a relatively higher yield,in addition,less available boron is found to be accumulated.Farming and fertilization are the key factors affecting the accumulation of available boron in soil.

Study on the potassium characteristic of rendzina soil in the sub-tropic Karst of Guangxi

TAN Hong-Wei, ZHOU Liu-Qia ng, XIE Ru-Lin, HUANG Mei-Fu

2006, 14(3): 58-60.

Abstract(1128) PDF(1014)

Abstract:
The potassium characteristic of rendzina soil in the sub-tropic Karst of Guangxi was studied.The results show that the soil available potassium content and available potassium release amount can reflect the soil supply potassium capacity for a season crop in the agro-ecological system of sub-tropic Karst.When the soil availble potassium content is 30～32mg/kg，the crop is very difficult to absorb potassium and the growth is limited serious ly.The main nutrient-limited factor of soil is potassium.Phosphorus，surphur，boron and zinc are not enough for crop growth. Slow pot assium content and slow release potassium content can not show the soil supply potassium capacity，but they can show the soil sustainable supply potassium capacity.Applying potassium fertilizer is good for the balance of potassium in soil and can increase the crop yield.

Plasticity of clonal architecture of Juema in response to nitrogen element

LI Jun-Qiao

2006, 14(3): 61-63.

Abstract(1080) PDF(958)

Abstract:
The plasticity of clonal architecture of Juema in response to N element was studied.The results show that the root length of genet, branch number,ramet number,spacer, shoot dry weight and root dry weight show a Conic curve with the increase of N element,and when 90.0 kg/hm² of N element is applied an inflexion appears,showing that Juema has plasticity in response to heterogeneity resource of N element.The changes of total branch length,expending rate of root and ball root rate decline with the increase of N element,which shows that after using N,the root tuber of Juema has not a commercial value.After the renew of ecology,the proper N fertilizer can boost the shoot weight and vegetation covering rate.

Application of complex microbial inoculants in the high-temperature and aeration composting sewage sludge

XU Xiao-Ying, LI Ji

2006, 14(3): 64-66.

Abstract(1057) PDF(1474)

Abstract:
The application of complex microbial inoculants in the high-temperature and aeration composting sewage sludge was studied.The results show that the efficiencies of the complex microbial inoculants are not significiant for the reduction of the time for reaching the high-temperature period,the increase of the numbers of bacteria,fungi and actinomyces in a composting process of sewage sludge.But the sustained time of high-temperature is longer by inoculating the complex microbials,and the decomposition can be reached 3 days ahead of time.

Features of soil enzyme activity under different land uses in Ningnan Mountain area

LIU Meng-Yun, CHANG Qing-Rui, QI Ya n-Bing, AN Shao-Shan

2006, 14(3): 67-70.

Abstract(1240) PDF(992)

Abstract:
The features of soil enzyme activity under different land uses were studied.The results indicate that the soil enzyme activity of the natural meadow is the highest,that of the bush forest land and the artificial meadow is the next and that of the orchard and farmland is the lowest;there are higher soil enzyme activities at 20～40cm depths of orchard and farmland;the natural meadow and bush forest have an obvious effect on the restoration improvement of soil enzyme activity,but the orchard and farmland are worst;soil sucrase activity obviously varieties in profile,the activities of urease and alkaline phosphatase almost change in a same way and that of hydrogen peroxidase has no obvious diffe rence not only in profile but also under different land uses.There is an extreme positive correlation among the activities of sucrase,urease and alkaline phosphatase,and every of them has an extreme positive relativity with the soil readily available nutrient and organic matter.So soil enzyme activity can be made as one of the soil fertility index.

The relationship between evapotranspiration in wheat field and the groundwater l evel in Beijing-Tianjin Corridor

SHU Yun-Qiao, CHEN Su-Ying, LEI Yu-Ping, ZHENG Li

2006, 14(3): 71-74.

Abstract(1009) PDF(1058)

Abstract:
By using the regional evapotranspiration (ET) model, rGIS-ET, the relationship between evapotranspiration in wheat field and the ground water level in Beijing-Tianjin Corridor in April from 1992 to 2001 was analyzed. The results show that the spacial variations of ET in a county are significant, the water consumption of wheat field trends to reduce in recent 10years, but the groundwater level sustainablly decreases because the supply is slowly. The seasonal change of groundwater level is closely related to the water used by winter wheat, the spacial change of ET may indirectly reflect the amount of groundwater.

Moisture and temperature effects of different tillage and film-mulching techniques for spring maize in the gully region of the Loess Plateau

DANG Jian-You, ZHANG Ding-Yi, PEI X ue-Xia, YANG Zha-Gen

2006, 14(3): 75-77.

Abstract(1637) PDF(1184)

Abstract:
The moisture and temperature effects of different tillage and film-mulching techniques for spring maize in the gully region of the Loess Plateau are studied. The results show that the best effects of moisture and temperature can be attained if the soil is tilled and ridged in autumn and is mulched with the plastic film in spring just before the thawing time. Compared with those of the control (i. e. the soil is tilled and ridged in autumn and is mulched with plastic film in seeding time), the moisture capacity in the soil of 0～200cm in depth is increased by 56.35mm in pre-sowing time and by 64.63～104.42mm in growth prophase (from seedling time to he ading time) and the average temperature in the soil of 0～10cm in depth is increased by 1.1～1.5℃. In a year of drought, the yield of maize reac hes to 5652.0kg/hm²，which increases by 37.12%, and the water use efficiency reaches 19.57kg/hm²，which increases by 1.93kg/m³.

Diurnal variation of instantaneous carbon dioxide flux and water use efficiency of winter wheat at field scale and analysis of influencing factors

GUO Ji a-Xuan, LI Yu-Zhong, MEI Xu-Rong

2006, 14(3): 78-81.

Abstract(989) PDF(1097)

Abstract:
The diurnal variation of instantaneous carbon dioxide flux and the relationship between it and components of farmland energy balance during grain filling stage of winter wheat by eddy correlation technique were studied. The results show that the curve of instantaneous carbon dioxide flux in diurnal course is U-shape, the maximal net photosynthetic rate in crop canopy level ranges from -1.2mg/m²·s to -1.4mg/m²·s under no soil water-stress condition during daytime, and during nocturnal periods CO₂ fluxes are erratic and the maximal carbon dioxide ranges from 0.40mg/m²·s to 0.54mg/m²·s. Carbon dioxide fluxes are closely related to net radiation flux, and latent heat flux during dayti me period. Moreover,there is synchronous trend both carbon dioxide flux and latent heat flux during 8：00～15：30 period, so crop WUE is stable, and it is approximately 0.012～0.014g(CO₂)/g(H₂O). But instantaneous WUE changes largely around sunrise and sunset.

Effect of different border lengths on the irrigation homogeneity and soil nitrat e-N distribution on wheat field

CUI Zhen-Ling, CHEN Xin -Ping, ZHANG Fu-Suo, SHI Li-Wei, LI Jun-Liang

2006, 14(3): 82-85.

Abstract(1331) PDF(1235)

Abstract:
The effect of different border lengths on the irrigation quantity, irrigation homoge neity and soil nitrate-N distribution was studied. The results show that the irrig ation amounts in the longer border (180m) and shorter border (90m) are 132mm and 102mm, respectively. And the spatial variabilities of water and N are enlarged by irrigation in the longer border. Compared to the shorter border, 44mm irrigat ion water and 20kg/hm² N are lost in the longer border. Under conventional irr igation and N fertilization management condition, the spatial variabilities in the water and N do not affect the winter wheat grain yield because of excessive water and N input. Shortening the length of border is the first-line measure if popularizing the optimized production system with N fertilizer and water.

Effects of different row spaces on the soil evaporation and water use in winter wheat field

CHEN Su-Ying, ZHANG Xi- Ying, CHEN Si-Long, PEI Dong, ZHANG Qing-Tao

2006, 14(3): 86-89.

Abstract(1297) PDF(1348)

Abstract:
Soil evaporation is useless because it doesn't participate in the processes of physiology and production of crops. The soil evaporation in different row spaces of winter wheat was measured by the Micro-lysimeters (MLS). The results show that with the increase of row spaces, the soil evaporation is inc reased, narrow row space can reduce the soil evaporation due to the bigger plant canopy. The whole soil evaporations of winter wheat are 89.1mm, 104.2mm and 1 21.9mm under the row spaces of 7.5cm，15.0cm and 30.0cm. If taking the soil evaporation of 15cm row space as CK, the soil evaporation with a row space of 7.5cm reduces 14.5%, and that with a row space of 30cm increases 17.0%.

Study on water metabolism and balance during the period of tree's hibernation

SIQIN Bilige, NA Ping-Shan, WANG Bo, XU Hong-Feng

2006, 14(3): 90-92.

Abstract(903) PDF(891)

Abstract:
The water metabolism and balance during the period of trees' hibernation were studied. The results show that at the beginning of the period of trees' hibernation , the water content of experimental trees is between 39.36% and 49.86% (Nov.30) ；to Mar.10 of the next year, it drops to 34.05%～41.03%; then it rises up till the middle of March. During this period, the optimum water content is about 35%～50%. But trees are easily hurt by cold condition while water content is beyond 55%，yet trees are very difficult to reproduce while water content is under 25%, and even they would die when water content is under 20%. Within 100 days (from Nov.30 to Mar. 10) of trees' hibernation, the average value of trees' water metabolism changes from -53.1kg to -88.3kg. Trees can utilize 139.5～211.4kg water, and consume 192.6～299.7kg water to sustain trees' water metabolis m negative balance.

Study on planting models of rainwater harvesting technique of mulched maize in arid areas

SONG Bing-Hai

2006, 14(3): 93-95.

Abstract(1000) PDF(1034)

Abstract:
Six planting models on mulched maize in different years with varied rainfalls are studied. The results show that the trough bed, paralleled furrows, hole planting and mass planting are effective in rainwater harvesting and in improving the soil moisture content around the root zones. The rainwater harvesting efficiency varies with the different rainfall and models and increases 1.9～7.8mm comp ared with the CK. The grain yields increase by 12.7%～21.9% under different treat ments, among which the trough bed gives a best result, followed by paralleled fu rrows, hole planting and mass planting.

Ecological effects of plastic film mulching cultivation of potato

LU Li -Yin

2006, 14(3): 96-99.

Abstract(1231) PDF(1029)

Abstract:
By the field experiment, the ecological effects of plastic film mulching cultiva tion of potato were studied. The results indicate that compared with the traditional cultivation, the available nitrogen and phosphorus in plough soil layer of plastic film mulching cultivation can be increased by 32.6%～64.0% and 4.2%～ 59.4%, respectively, the amounts of absorbing nitrogen and phosphorus can be in creased by 13.2%～48.3% and 14.6%～38.2%, respectively. The content of avail able nitrogen in plough layer at the vegetative stage is higher than that at the reproductive stage, but opposite for available phosphorus. Water content in plough layer of plastic film cultivation is 5.3%～31.6% more than that of traditional cultivation on vegetative stage, and absorbing water is increased by 26.3% ～31.0%. At the reproduction stage, water content is 1.9%～16 .9% more than that of traditional cultivation, absorbing water is increased by 4.4%～18.8%. At the vegetative and reproduction stages of plastic film mulching cultivation, bacteria in plough layer soil is increased by 30.0% and 130.8%, actinomyces is incre ased by 19.7% and 474.1%, mould is increased by 12.5% and 22.7%, respectively. Temperature of plastic film mulching cultivation in plough layer is higher than that of traditional cultivation; soil temperature is higher as the soil layer becomes deeper at the vegetative stage, but lower at the reproduction stage in the morning. Soil temperature is decreased as soil layer deeper at both stages at noon and in the afternoon. The yield of tuber, dry mass of shoot and root on plastic film mulching cultivation are higher than those of traditional cultivation. Appling more fertilizer increases the yield, nutrients and water content within the scope of experiment.

Effects of EGTA, verapamil and trifluoperazine on ABA, and xylem sap pH of maize seedling under drought stress

LIU Zi-Hui, GUO Xiu-Lin, MA Chun-Hong, LI Guang-Min

2006, 14(3): 100-102.

Abstract(1065) PDF(1146)

Abstract:
The effects of EGTA, verapamil and trifluoperazine on ABA contents of organs and xylem sap pH of maize seedling under drought stress were studied. The results show that the xylem sap pH of maize under drought stress is increased after treated by EGTA, verapamil or trifluoperazine. When the maize is treated by EGTA or verapamil, the ABA contents of leaf, stem or root decrease and are not related to the ABA concentration in the sap whose changes are complex. After being treated by trifluoperazine, the ABA content in the root increases, but decreases in the leaf and the stem. At the same time, the ABA concentration decrea ses in the leaf sap, but ABA concentrations in the stem and leaf doesn't change obviously.

Effect of heat stress on lily physiology at seedling stage

ZH ANG Sh i-Jun, ZHOU Hou-Gao, ZHONG Yun-Juan, DENG Hong-Min

2006, 14(3): 103-104.

Abstract(1045) PDF(954)

Abstract:
The effects of heat stress on physiology of two lily cultivars at seedl ing stage were studied. The results show that the contents of pigment and soluble protein decrease continuously. The CAT activity and proline content show a transient rise and then reduce. Genotype ‘K_1-4’having better heat tolerance shows a less fall in pigment and soluble protein contents, higher CAT activity and higher proline content. Those physiology indexes of the cultivar ‘Avita’ being sensitive to heat are worse.

The physiological diversity in roots of different early rice varieties under high temperature stress during the period of grain filling

LI Mu-Ying, SHI Qing-Hua, XU Jin-Biao, H U Zhi-Hong, TAN Xue-Ming

2006, 14(3): 105-107.

Abstract(1341) PDF(1173)

Abstract:
The physiological diversity in roots of different early rice varieties under high temperature stress during the period of the grain filling was studied. The res ults indicate that the roots activities of SOD, POD and CAT are influence d by the high temperature respectively, and the impact on the variety of heat resistance is less than that of the variety of heat sensitivity. Under high temper ature stress, the activities of protecting enzyme in roots of the variety of heat resistance can be renewed rapidly to the level of its antitheses. The _α-NA oxidation capacity in roots of the variety of heat resistance is not affected by the high temperature stress, but that of the variety of heat sensitivity decreases obviously. Therefore, the _α-NA oxidation capacity in roots can be considered as a guide line of the rice roots to high temperature resistance.

Effects of DMSO on the cold-resistance of wheat seedlings

ZONG Xue-Feng, ZHANG Jian-Kui, LI Bang-Xiu, WANG San-Gen

2006, 14(3): 108-110.

Abstract(1256) PDF(1487)

Abstract:
The effects of DMSO （Dimethylsulfoxide）,in which wheat seeds were soaked,on the cold-resistance of seedlings were studied. The results show that DMSO treatment can enhance the activity of SOD and POD, raise the content of chlorophyll and content of soluble protein,and the vitality of the root system, reduce the content of malondialdehyde （MDA）and the cell electrolyte leakage of the seedlings.DMSO also can enhance the plant height,dry weight and the ratio of root to shoot of wheat seedlings under cold stress.The suitable concentration of DMSO is 2～5g/kg.

Research on the types and exploitation models of saline soil in Da'an Ancient Riverway

LI Xiu-Jun

2006, 14(3): 111-113.

Abstract(856) PDF(1223)

Abstract:
Based on the characteristics of salinization about chernozem, meadow soil, bog soil, saline soil, alkaline soil in Da'an ancient riverway, the paper has established a series of models for exploitation of the saline soil in this area. Therefore the development of soil salinization can be controlled, and the ecological environment can be improved. The benefits of economy,ecology and society in regional development will be well coordinated.

Effects of Seon some element contents in leaves of rice seedling under Cd stress

CHEN Ping, WU Xiu-Feng, ZHANG Wei-Feng, HUANG Qing

2006, 14(3): 114-117.

Abstract(1317) PDF(1086)

Abstract:
Nutrient solution culture experiment was conducted to study the effects of Se on some element and chlorophyll contents in leaves of rice seedling under Cd stress.The results indicate that under a high concentration of Cd stress without Se supply,the Ca,Mg,Fe,Zn,Mn contents decrease while under a single treatment of 0.10mg/L Se,the Fe,Zn,Mn contents can increase in leaves significantly.The addition of Se to the solution with Cd （5.0～10.0mg/L） can increase the Ca,Mg,Fe,Mn contents, and Ca,Mg,Fe,Zn,Mn contents are affected by the interaction of Se and Cd.The value of chl.a/b ratio can not be taken as the index of Cd poison to rice seedling.

Effect and risk assessment of flood stress on the water quality of Qian-dao Lake

LUO Xian-Bao, WEN Jun, LU O Dong-Qi, FANG Zhi -Fa

2006, 14(3): 118-121.

Abstract(1284) PDF(1138)

Abstract:
The overall water quality of Qian-dao Lake in the flood of Year 1996 presents a ‘pollution peak’in the historical tendency diagram,indicating that alien mass pollution is the main source of pollution.According to the comparative analysis of the water quality changes before and after the flood,the effect of the flood on the water quality is limited to the flooding year,and all pollution indexes can quickly resume to the normal after the flood through the cushion and self-purification of the water body.In the flooding year,the orders of the pollution indexes and the load ratio are the same for the sections of Baimufan,Hangtou Island,Jiekou and Santan Island.The total load ratio of these four sections reaches 72% of the whole lake.Fecal coliform and total N have the biggest load ratios of the whole lake, whereas the rest items have very low load ratios and have little effect on the total water quality in the flooding year.The load ratio of fecal coliform reaches 46.6%.It becomes the first pollution factor of the water quality in the flooding year.Total Cd,ammonia nitrogen,and total Pb all demonstrate an abnormal increase.Especially,the indexes of total Cd and total Pb can not resume normally after the flood,indicating a ‘lag effect’of heavy metal pollution caused by the flood.

Influences of reduced UV-B radiation on growth and endogenesis hormone contents of rice （Oryza sativa L.）under field conditions

DONG Ming, LI Hai-Tao, LIAO Ying- Chun, LIANG Tao, LU Cun-Fu

2006, 14(3): 122-125.

Abstract(1194) PDF(1077)

Abstract:
The effects of artificially simulated UV-B radiation reduction under field conditions at Qianyanzhou region of Ji angxi Province on the growth and the contents of chlorophyll and endogenesis hor mones,indoleacetic acid （IAA）,abscisic acid （ABA）,gibberellinA₃（GA₃）and zeatin（Z）,of rice variety ‘Xieyou 432’were studied.The results indicate that the UV-B radiation reduction induces the contents of chlorophyll change significantly,but no difference among the ambient control and treatments of UV-A and UV-A+UV-B is observed.The contents of IAA,GA₃ and Z with the UV-A+UV-B treatment are significantly lower than those of ambient control，decreasing by 40.42%，48.60%，36.21%，respectively .Compared with the UV-A treatment the contents of IAA,GA₃ and Z in the UV-A+UV-B treatment are decreased by 36.52%,70.94% and 54.54%, respectively.The ABA content of UV-A+UV-B treatment decreases by 29.74% compared with that of the ambient control,and by 5.19% compared with the UV-A treat ment.The results also indicate that reduced UV-B radiation has change d the contents of the four endogenesis hormones of the investigated rice cultivar,and accordingly may have adverse effects on the process of growth and development of rice.

Changes of phenols and adjustability of the walnut shoot

LIU He, WU Guo-Liang, WANG Yong, SONG Yu-Qin, SUN Jian-Ping

2006, 14(3): 126-128.

Abstract(1187) PDF(1005)

Abstract:
The study on the changes of phenols and adjustability of the walnut shoot shows that the content of phenols in phloem is higher than that in the xylem,that in the late fruiting variety is higher than that in the early fruiting variety and that in the rest period is higher than that in the growth period annually;the change of activity of polyphenol oxidase （PPO）shows an opposite pattern of change with higher activity at the growth period and lower activity at the rest period. There are different abilities of anti-cold in different cultivars shoots.

Study on protected separation technique of active polysaccharides from aloe（Aloe babadensis Mille）

YE Zhou, CHEN Wei, LIN Wen-Xiong

2006, 14(3): 129-131.

Abstract(1083) PDF(1197)

Abstract:
Self-designed technique of ACA（Alginate-Chi tosan-Alginate）microencaps ulation was used in the research.The exudation and separation of aloe polysaccharides and anthraquinones were studied in the process of ACA microcapsule formation and 24h equilibrium dialysis.The results show that in the process of ACA microcapsule formation and after 24h equilibrium dialysis，the total exudative rate of aloe polysaccharide is 27.7%，and the molecular weight of aloe polysaccharides exuded is lower than 7600；while the total exudative rate of aloe anthraquinones is 98.3%.Aloe polysaccharides and aloe anthraquinones can be separated in higher quality under that the activity of the components is well preserved.

Possibility of enzyme activities as indicators of assessing soil compound contamination with cadmium，zinc and lead

LI Bo-Wen, YANG Zhi-Xin, XIE Jian-Zhi, HAO Jin-Min

2006, 14(3): 132-134.

Abstract(973) PDF(1095)

Abstract:
The simulated test shows that the activities of cat alase，urease and alkaline phosphatase or invertase can reflect the contaminating levels of Cd，Zn，Pb and the effects of Cd-Zn or Zn-Pb interaction in the soil treated with Cd，Zn and Pb.It is possible that these enzyme activities can be used as a comprehensive system to assess the compound contaminating levels of Cd，Zn and Pb in the soil.

The toxic effect of Cu, Cd,As and their compound pollution on the duc kweed

QIAN Zhan, SUN Jian, TIE Bo-Qing, MAO Xiao-Qian, ZHAN Ling-Zhi

2006, 14(3): 135-137.

Abstract(1136) PDF(1498)

Abstract:
Through the experiment of water train in laboratory ,the effect of Cu,Cd,As and their compound pollution on the chlorophyll and MDA（Methane Dicarboxylic Aldehyde） concentration in the duckweed were studied. The results show that at the same concentration level,the single-toxicity order of Cu, Cd,As to the chlorophyll of duckweed is Cd＞Cu＞As,Cd≈As＞Cu is the MDAs single-toxicity order.Compared with the single pollution,the eco-toxicity of compo und pollution of As+Cd and Cu+Cd becomes stronger, which presents a synergistic effect, as far as the lethal concentration to the cell of duckweeds lamina is concerned;As+Cu and As+Cu+Cd is inclined to an antagonistic effect of which the eco-toxicity of compound pollution becomes weaker. The eco-toxicity of duckwee ds MDA is relatively complex.Besides As+Cd, the other compound pollution has an effective over-penetration on the cell membrane of duckweed.

Complex stability characteristics of humus with Hg and its environmen tal significance

YAO Ai-Jun, QING Chang-Le, MU Shu-Sen

2006, 14(3): 138-140.

Abstract(1245) PDF(1557)

Abstract:
The complex stability characteristics of three humus fractions with Hg were studied.The results show that Hg can either be strongly bound or weakly bound with the humus.Fulvic acid bound Hg is mainly in a weakly bound form,the grey humic and brown humic acid bound Hg are dominantly in a strongly bound form.Of the three humus fractions,fulvic acid has the largest complex capacity for Hg,but due to its lowest complex stability constant,fulvic acid bound Hg will have the highest environmental activity .The complex stability constant of grey humic acid for Hg is the highest so the Hg environmental activity is the lowest. But due to its limited complex capacity,the complex stability constant of grey humic ac id with Hg will greatly drop with the increase of the mass ratio of Hg/grey humic acid.The complex characte ristics of brown humic acid lies the medium between those of fulvic acid and grey humic acid.

Rapid ecotoxicological biomonitore of heavy metal-p olluted soil using Daphnia carinata phototaxis inhibition test

WU Yong-Gui, HUANG Jian-Guo

2006, 14(3): 141-144.

Abstract(1475) PDF(1657)

Abstract:
The rapid biomonitore of ecotoxicity of heavy metal-polluted soil using Daphnia carinata phototaxis inhibition test was studied.It shows that the phototactic index of Daphnia is positively related with the cadmium and lead added to soil.The order of the ecotoxicity of heavy metal-poll uted soil is the solution extracted by acid＞the solution extracted by water in the same pollution level,and is Cd＞Pb,the solution extracted by water+heavy metal＞the solution extracted by acid+heavy metal in the same content of heavy metal,much lower than that in ISO standardized solutions.It seems reasonable to suggest the sensitivity,efficiency and reliability for this rapid method in the monitor of soil ecotoxicity.

Study on the residues amount of hexachloro-cyclohex ane and dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane in rice and its rhizosphere soil

FENG Hai-Yan, YANG Zhong-Fang, CHEN Yue-Long, TANG Qi-Feng

2006, 14(3): 145-147.

Abstract(1339) PDF(1093)

Abstract:
The residue status of hexachloro-cyclohexane （BHC） and dic hlorodiphenyl trichloroethand（DDT） in rice and its rhizosphere soil in Sichuan Province was studied.The results show that BHC or DDT still exists in soil,however,they are not detected in rice samples.BHC and DDT residue levels accord with the National Health Food Standard.Although DDT is detected in most of rhizosphere soil,BHC is also found in soil from Xiaoquan Town in Deyang County,the status of these two organochlorine pesticides residues in soil don't exceed the standard content according to the GB15618-95.So,all the investigated soils accord with the standard of natural background value. In addition,BHC and DDT are advised to be forbidden from using continuously,whilst the code must be established as soon as possible so as to forbid the use of dicofol in the edible vegetable production.

Effect of environment pollutions on urban ecosystem services

YUAN Xu, ZHOU Qing

2006, 14(3): 148-150.

Abstract(917) PDF(1062)

Abstract:
With the accelerative development of cities,the problem of pollution is coming by, such as the pollutions of air,water,noise,solid waste and soil.These pollutio ns affect the major service functions of ecosystem in urban areas directly or in directly, such as reducing the capacities of air-filtering and microclimate regulation, subduing the functions of noise reduction,limiting the roles of rainwater drainage and sewage treatment,and causing the loss of cultural and recreational values which urban of cities and towns bring to us. Therefore,controlling the environmental pollution and protecting the urban ecosystem and its service function are the effective ways for the sustainable development of cities.

Effects of biological invasion on the stabilization of urban ecosystem and strategies of its prevention and control

WANG Li-Hong, ZHO U Qing

2006, 14(3): 151-153.

Abstract(1055) PDF(1163)

Abstract:
The effects of biological invasion on the biodiversity,health of human being,land,soil,rivers and lakes,energy balance of urban ecosystem are stated in this paper.Setting up the database of biological invasion,perfecting the law and rule,realizing the lawful management,increasing the ability of inspection on the border,developing the study of ecological evaluation,spreading the propaganda of ecology knowledge are the valid strategies of preventing biological invasion.Manual or mechanical, chemical and biological controls, allelopathy are suggested methods of curing biological invasion.

Controlling technique of Spartina alterniflora Loisel in mangrove-spartina ecotones

DU Wen-Qin, MA Li-Na, LIU Jian, ZHANG Qiu-Fang, ZHENG Xue-Fang

2006, 14(3): 154-156.

Abstract(1185) PDF(1144)

Abstract:
In mangrove-spartina ecotones, a self-made medicament ‘Micaoxing’can kill all of the spartina within 60 days and is harmless to the growth and breed of mangroves.On the other hand ‘Micaojing’is harmless to the aquatics and the environment.No medicament residua has been detected in the soil within 30 days after the application of medicament.

Studies on the spacial distribution pattern of Lygus lucortum Mey er-Dur's over winter eggs in jujube trees

HANG Xiu-Mei, LIU Xiao-Jing, YANG Zhen-Jiang

2006, 14(3): 157-159.

Abstract(1085) PDF(1276)

Abstract:
By using the index of 6 kinds of aggregation indices on spacial distribution pattern,Taylor's power principle,and Iwao's regression analysis method,the spacial distribution pattern of Lygus lucortumMeyer-Dur's over winter eggs was studied.The results show that these eggs are aggregation distribution on the jujube trees,which accords with minus binomial distribution.This distribution pattern results from the worm's habit and the cir cumstances.The theoretical sampling number of Lygus lucortumMeyer-Dur's over winter eggs is ascertained by the distribution indices.

Toxicity and selection of insectivides to Coccinella septempunctata（L.）and Brevicoryne brassicae（L.）

LIU Hui-Ping, HAN Ju-Cai, XU Qin, LIU Hui-Qin

2006, 14(3): 160-162.

Abstract(1238) PDF(1569)

Abstract:
The toxicity and selection of insecticides to Coccinella septempunctata（L.）and Brevicoryne brassicae（L.）are studied.The results show that the selective toxicity of imidacloprid is the highest among 15 insecticides tested,and the selective toxicity ratio （STR,ladybird LD₅₀/aphid LD₅₀）reaches 174.29.Among 5 organophosphorus insecticides,malathion shows the highest selec tivity,and the second is dichlorvos,their STRs are 35.73 and 25.32,respectively.Cyfluthrin and cypermethrin among 7 pyrethroid insecticides possess the highest selective toxicity for the aphid to the ladybird, the STRs are 55.16 and 30.00,respectively.Therefore the high selective insecticides, such as imidacloprid,cyfluthrin and malathion,not only possess the high toxicity to aphid,but also are safe for the natural enemy,ladybird,and are relatively ideal insecticides for controlling aphids in the field.

Studies on insect community characteristics and time dynamics of juju be tree in greenhouse

ZHAO Fei, LI Jie, NIU Rong-Shan, GUO Mei-Hua, SHEN Ai-Ying

2006, 14(3): 163-166.

Abstract(1083) PDF(1252)

Abstract:
Based on the method of fuzzy clustering,the characteristic indexes and the time dynamic of jujube insect community in greenhouse were studied.The results show that the control times of main insect pests may be divided into four p hases.The phases of February,May and June are the key phases of chemical control,during which the insect community is hardly steady,the quantity of superior species Contarinia sp.and Tetranychus fruncatus becomes larger,causing thes e pest insects to break out easily.Conversely,in order to protect the nature enemies and give full play to their action,the methods of agriculture,physics and biology must be used to control the insect pests and in the rest time of a year.

on disease resistance of maize toward sheath blight induced by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

HUANG Jing-Hua, ZENG Ren-Sen, LUO Shi-Ming

2006, 14(3): 167-169.

Abstract(1443) PDF(1299)

Abstract:
The disease resistance of maize toward sheath bligh tinduced by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi was studied. The results show that the disease incidence and disease index of mycorrhizal maize plants are decreased significantly. The growth of maize plants is promoted as well when they are inoculated with Glomus mosseae. The mycorrhizal infection rate of maize plants is decreased when they are attacked by pathogen. It is proved that there are interactions between G. mosseae and R. olani.

The function of several slime-forming bacteria on the formatio n of soil water-stable aggregates

ZHOU Zhi-Feng, ZHAO Xiao-Rong, LI Gui-Tong, LIN Qi-Mei

2006, 14(3): 170-172.

Abstract(973) PDF(1030)

Abstract:
The function of several slime-for ming bacteria on the formation of soil water-stable aggregates was studied. The results show that the bacteria significantly promote the formation of soil water-stable aggregates (＞0.25mm). The secondary metabolites rather than the cells play a more important role in promoting soil aggregate formation. The stimulating effect changes with the supply of diff erent organic materials.Sucrose as a sole carbon resource of the bacteria, much better than either wheat or corn straw, gives a highest soil water-stable aggregates (＞0.25mm). Loenardite does not have a significant promoting effect on the aggregate formation. There are obvious differences in promoting aggregate formation by the bacteria with adding different carbon resources.

Influencing factors on maize transgene process mediated by Agrobacterium.

BAI Yun-Feng, WANG Guo-Ying, GOU Ming-Yue, ZHAO Jin-Feng, DONG Zhi-Gang

2006, 14(3): 173-175.

Abstract(1288) PDF(1236)

Abstract:
The effects of explant selection, high osmotic treatment, co-culture with Agrobacterium, screening of transformed plants by selecting medium on the callus growth and transformation efficiency were studied in the process of maize transformation mediated by Agrobacterium. The results show that the growth rate and transformation efficiency of immature embryos derived from a vigorous ear are higher than those from other ears.High osmotic treatment and co-culture with Agrobacterium and herbicide screening impede the callus growth. The solutions are put forward.

Genetic correlation between the metabolism of carbohydrate and nitrogen and the main qualities of grain in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

LI Ya -Juan, CHEN Zhi-Xiong, LIANG Kang-Jing, LIN Wen-Xiong, LIANG Yi-Yuan

2006, 14(3): 176-179.

Abstract(912) PDF(1032)

Abstract:
The genetic correlation between the metabolism of C , N and the main quality of grain of rice was studied. The results indicate that increasing the soluble sugar content may contribute to a significant increase of total N content and ratio of sugar to nitrogen and a decrease of brown rice length, 1000-grain weight and amylose content simultaneously. Increasing the total N content may result in the increases of brown rice width and amylose content and the decreases of ratio of sugar to nitrogen, brown rice length and 1000-grain weight simultaneously. The increase of ratio of sugar to nitrogen may significantly lead to the decline of brown rice thickness, 1000-grain weight and amylose content . The results also indicate that seed, cytoplasmic and maternal genetic effects influence the genet ic correlation between paired traits simultaneously. The effects of different genetic systems vary among different trait pairs. Seed direct effects are the dominant genetic effect controlling the correlation between paired traits such as soluble sugar content and brown rice width, soluble sugar content and brown rice thickness, total N content and brown rice length, total N content and brown rice thickness, while maternal plant effects are the main effects controlli ng the correlation between paired traits such as soluble sugar content and 1000-grain weight, soluble sugar content and amylose content, total N content and brown rice width, total N content and ratio of length to width of brown rice, ratio of sugar to N and brown rice width,ratio of sugar to N and brown rice thickness.

Changes of winter wheat planting area detected by using multitemporal remote sensing images—A case study from Sanhe City and Hui Autonomous Co unty of Dachang of Hebei Province

ZHANG Qun, HU Chun-Sheng, CHEN Su-Ying, LEI Yu-Ping

2006, 14(3): 180-183.

Abstract(1510) PDF(1048)

Abstract:
The changes of winter wheat planting area in Sanhe City and Hui Autonomous County of Dachang of Hebei Province were analyzed by using multitemporal remote sensing images. The results show that the winter wheat planting area is decreasing in the studied area as a whole， but it may be increase or decrease in different zones in a year. Reclaiming cropland at the bank of river makes its increa se. The construction taking up the cropland and the adjustment of crop planting m ake its decrease.

Discussion on the evaluation method of comprehensive benefits of eco agriculture.

YUAN Ping-Fu, YE Ren-Nan, ZENG Chang-Rong, HU Xiao-Qing

2006, 14(3): 184-187.

Abstract(1183) PDF(1158)

Abstract:
An evaluation system of comprehensive benefits of eco-agriculture has been established using the theorem of system engineering combined with statistics and analytical hierarchy process. Comprehensive benefits of eco-agriculture are divided into three sub-benefits, which are economic benefit, ecological and environmental benefit and social benefit. Every sub-benefit is divided into several indexes, which can be quantified directly.Weight coefficient reflects the contributing degrees of the indexes. Values of sub-benefits and compreh ensive benefits are obtained through adding up all of the weight values of sub-benefits.

Ecosystem analysis and service value evaluation of land use—A case study from Baigezhuang Village in Pinggu County, Beijing City

JIA Ning-Feng, YAO Chun-Long, XU Zhen-Jun

2006, 14(3): 188-191.

Abstract(1168) PDF(1032)

Abstract:
Taking Baigezhuang Village in Pinggu County, Beijing City as an example, the types and characteristics of land use ecosystem in 2002 were analyzed and the ecosystem service values including food production, CO₂ fixation, O₂ release, water circulation, residues treatment and recreation were calculated. The results show that the total value of ecosystem services is 17.0662 million yuan RMB, and approximately equals the total earning of village economy. The service value of CO₂ fixation is the biggest, accounting for 72.57％， and the next is the serv ice value of O₂ release, accounting for 15.30％. The service value of food pr oduction only accounts for 12.77％ of the total service value. The service values of water supply and recreation are very small,and the service value of waste treatment is negative.

Study on evaluation of rural human settlement

LI Jian-Na, HUANG Yun, YAN Li-Jiao

2006, 14(3): 192-195.

Abstract(1734) PDF(1777)

Abstract:
Rural human settlement is a comprehensive concept involving both living environment of human and social economy. The principles, goal layer, systemic layer and index layer of index system of evaluation of rural human settlement were discussed in this paper to provide theory basis for the proper evaluation of rural human settlement. And the modified model of Delphi was established, and applied to evaluate the human settlement of eight towns in Neixiang County, Henan Province. The results are basically consistent with facts of eight towns indicating that the index system and model of evaluation are just ified.

Utilization of crop straws and its driving forces in typical rural areas

YAN Li-Zhen, CHENG Sheng-Kui, MIN Qing-Wen

2006, 14(3): 196-198.

Abstract(963) PDF(1202)

Abstract:
The utilization status of crop straws and factors influencing the straw utilization rate in typical rural areas of Mengcheng County, Anhui Province and Dehui City, Jilin Province are analyzed and the ways to improve the straw utilization rate are put forward. The paper also gives some suggestions to improve the straw utilization rate.

Ecological footprint of Shanxi Province for sustainable development

WANG Run-Ping, CUI Ke-Yong, CHEN Kai, ZHAO Yue-Hong

2006, 14(3): 199-201.

Abstract(1675) PDF(1131)

Abstract:
By using ecological footprint(EF)model, the sustainable development status of eco-economic system in Shanxi Province is analyzed. The results show that the ecological footprint of Shanxi Province is beyond the available ecological capacity (AEC), and runs the‘ecological deficit’(ED). The proportion of fossil energy ecological footprint is very higher (79%) in total ecological footprint. The efficiency of biological resources usage is very lower. Therefore, Shanxi must change its traditional high-consumed development model, and establish a production and consum ed system of resource-saving.

Benefits evaluation of ecological restoration engineering of Shangwuxi watershed in mountainous area of western Zhejiang Province

DING Li-Zhong, LU Jian-Bo, XU Wen-Rong

2006, 14(3): 202-205.

Abstract(1214) PDF(1269)

Abstract:
The measures of ecological restoration engineering of Shangwuxi watershed in the Western Zhejiang Province are analyzed and the indicator system of integrative evaluation on the benefits of ecological restoration engineering of the watershed is set up by the analytic hierarchy process and the fussy synthetical analysis. The benefits of ecological restoration engineering are appraised by the euclidean distance model and fuzzy cluster analysis also.

Study on distribution of special high quality commercial foodstuff production base in Northeast of China

LIU Zhi-Qiang, WANG Shou-Yu, CHENG Ye-Qing, ZHANG Ping-Yu

2006, 14(3): 206-209.

Abstract(1441) PDF(1086)

Abstract:
Using analytical hierarchy process, the paper systematically analyzed agricultural resources and environment of 37 locations in Northeast of China. Applying the regression value between analytic results and grain output of 37 cities or counties to conduct matrix calculating, 24 cities or counties and a farm owned by the state general bureaus are determined as the national special high quality grain base. The measures for the regional construction of high quality foodstuff production are proposed.

Evaluation of soil environmental quality of the planting bases of har mless Chinese medical materials in Jilin Province

LU Zhen-Lan, ZHAO Xiao-Song, GAO Shan, YANG Hai-Hong, SUN Jie

2006, 14(3): 210-212.

Abstract(1540) PDF(1408)

Abstract:
The present situations of soil environmental quality of seven standardized planting and demonstration bases of harmless Chinese med ical materials in Jilin Province were evaluated. The results show that all pollution indexes in the seven bases accord with the national standard. The single and comprehensive pollution indexes are all less than 1.0. The environmental quality grade of soil is 2. It is suitable for the establishment of the base producing Chinese medical materials.

Forestry resources assetization management and system innovation of forestry res ources cultivation fund

WEI Yuan-Zhu, CHEN Qin, LIU Wei-Ping

2006, 14(3): 213-216.

Abstract(996) PDF(1195)

Abstract:
The relationship between forestry resources assetiz ation management (FRAM) and system innovation of forestry resources cultivation fund (FRCF) is stated, indicating that FRCF, forest price and the fee of forest cultivation all are characterized as compensation to the cost of forest management, and that FRCF is actually the reproduction fund of forestry resources. In the end of this paper the problems and the train of thought for the system innov ation of FRCF are stated when the FARM is actualised.

Fundamental choice for the development of agriculture in China-eco-agricultural industrialization

LIU Hong-Mei, LI Yu-Jin, TAO Zhan, LIU Feng-Zhi

2006, 14(3): 217-219.

Abstract(1713) PDF(1702)

Abstract:
The agricultural status, characters of eco-agricultural industrialization and its advantages in China are stated. The eco-agricultural industrialization is the fundam ental choice for the development of agriculture in China. And the measures of eco-agricultural industrialization improvement are discussed.

Effect of the development of ‘Double-chain’ eco-agricultural demo nstration district on the decision-making of farm households

ZHANG Jia-Hong, MA Tan-Bin, WANG Sh ou-Hong, BAI He-Sheng, JIN Yin-Gen

2006, 14(3): 220-222.

Abstract(1544) PDF(1017)

Abstract:
In the ‘double-chain’ eco-agriculture demonstra tion district, the model of ‘company+demonstration base+farm households’ is ad opted as the operating system in the production and marketing of harmless agricu ltural production. The changes of production characteristics and the benefits of the farming systems after the farm households adopted the model and the model types of farm households^, decision making are analyzed. Among the various factors influencing the farm households to make decision, the operation or management performance of the company and its services are the most important factors.

Study on the multiple objective linear planning applied in comprehensive control of small watershed—a case study from Mimagou small watershed in Shizhu County, Sichuan Province

MIAO Chi-Yuan, HE Bing-Hui, CHEN Xiao-Yan, LIN You-Lian

2006, 14(3): 223-227.

Abstract(1241) PDF(1295)

Abstract:
Based on the Mimagou small watershed in Shizhu County, Sichuan Province, through building the four objective sub-functions, the multiple objective functions were integrated as an objective function using the expert^,s weight and directional coefficient and applying EXCEL software, the optimal solution of the multiple objective function planning model was determined. From the result, the land use of watershed becomes more reasonable, the ecology balance tends to harmonious, the proportion of agriculture-forestry-stock is adjusted from 23.32∶74.20∶2.48 to 24.23∶67.67∶8.1, the soil erosion modulus in a year falls from the original 1823t/km² to 1628.4t/km².

Landscape models and efficiency of eco-agricultural tourism in the hilly area

YAN Xian-Chun, XU Xiao, SU Zhi-Xian

2006, 14(3): 228-231.

Abstract(1424) PDF(1203)

Abstract:
In the hilly area,the landscape of eco-gricultural tourism should be designed according to the degrees of slope and contour line in order to form a model of vertical eco-landscape. A convenient traffic system should be designed according to the land terrain; the ‘Farmer-family-entertainment’eco-agricultural tourism distributed and the vegetation and biodiversity formed and developed in the experimental area. The vertical eco-landscape helps to lower the air and soil temperature, decrease the soil temperature changes in a day,increase the relative humidity in air, and conserve the water and soil.A beautiful landscape brings in considerably social and economical benefits while it is playing an important role in ecology.

Modes of developing eco-tourism in Three-Gorges areas

SUN Shou-Qin, WANG Ding-Yong

2006, 14(3): 232-233.

Abstract(926) PDF(1218)

Abstract:
The characters and developing potentials of tourism resources in Three-Gorges are analyzed and several modes to develop eco-tourism in Three-Gorges including agricultural eco-tourism， forest eco-tourism， water area eco-tourism and cultural eco-tourism are put forward.

Studies on accumulation, translocation and redistribution of carbon in summer maize under drought

SUI Fang-Gong, GE Ti-Da, LIU Peng-Qi, LU Yin-Yan, ZHOU Guang-Sheng

2006, 14(3): 234-237.

Abstract(1634) PDF(1373)

Abstract:
The photosynthetic characteristics,carbon ccumulation ,translocation and redistribution of summer maize were studied during the whole growing period under drought stress.The results indicate that the pattern of the carbon metaboli sm of maize is not significantly influenced by water deficient, although the total amount of accumulation, translocation, redistribution and transfer rates in the different growth stages are much different under drought. Under water stress,the dry matter and its accumulation rate of different organs are decreased. Leaf area index, leaf chlorophyll content and photosynthesis rate are reduced while the amount of dry weight transferred, transfer rate and the percentage of ear weight in the different organs are changed under drought.The treatment of full-water supply owns the largest dry matter accumulation and the normal carbon metabolism.The proper water supply can effectively promote the dry matter accumulation during the prophase growth stages, and it can also stimulate the vegetative organs to transfer to grain at the evening of growth stages. This suggests that the remained non-structive carbohydrates in vegetative organs are f ewer and the redistributed dry matter mainly contributes to higher grain weight, thus getting higher corn yields.

2006 Vol. 14, No. 3