2006 Vol. 14, No. 4

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Reconstructing and upgrading of Chinese eco-agriculture oriented to circular economy
ZHANG Jia-En, LUO Shi-Ming
2006, 14(4): 1-4.
Abstract(1111) PDF(1183)
Abstract:
Circular economy plays a key role on the sustainable development and drows more and more attention from the world recent years. Among the world, China is a country with the largest population and a very high proportion of agriculture in its national economy, so it is very urgent and necessary to develop circular economy in agriculture. There are steady bases for the development of agricultural circular economy in China. Agricultural circular economy involves a variety of aspects including the coupling and reusing of materials and energies during the farming process between different agricultural departments, between agriculture and industry, and between rural and urban areas. Chinese ecological agriculture is a mode to achieve agricultural circular economy. However, ecological agriculture is faced with many challenges in the development of modern economy in China, so it should be oriented and reconstructed to meet the requirement of the modern industrialization, standardization, security and multi-function development. Moreover, a series of countermeasures should be taken to ensure the development of agricultural circular economy, including the establishment of laws and regulations related to circular economy, the industrialization of eco-agriculture, the pollution-free treatment and utilization of agricultural and industrial wastes and the construction of eco-agriculture park.
New theory of leisure agriculture and its application in North Fujian
LIU Rong-Zhang, WENG Bo-Qi, ZENG Yu-Rong, ZHOU Qiong, ZHENG Bai-Long
2006, 14(4): 5-8.
Abstract(1281) PDF(1614)
Abstract:
The present situations, the development trend and the new theory of lei sure agriculture are analyzed. In the light of the characteristics of agriculture and the pra ctice of North Fujian, five principles of the strategies for the development of leisure agriculture in North Fujian are advanced. And the content and frame of design of leisure agriculture garden in North Fujian (Shaowu City) is suggested, which involves the introduction of new cultivar of fruit trees, adjustment of fruiting period, inter-planting technology of ecological fruit orchard, dwarfing technology of fruit trees and management of organic fruit garden. In addition, the rational combine of the measures with the principle and technology of landscape architecture, lan dscape science and tourism science will benefit the establishment and improvement of leisure agri culture and the sustainable development of agriculture in Nouth Fujian (Shaowu City).
Eco-environment effects and developing strategies of agriculture-tourism industry
ZHAI Fu-Shun
2006, 14(4): 9-11.
Abstract(1025) PDF(893)
Abstract:
The effects of eco-environment of agriculture-tourism industry are analyzed and its developing strategies are put forward in this paper.
Effects of biodiversity on functions and stability of ecosystem
ZHANG Bu-Chong, LI Feng-Min, HUANG Gao-Bao
2006, 14(4): 12-15.
Abstract(1317) PDF(1360)
Abstract:
The appearances of the theory on optimized ecosystem functions caused by biodiversity, the view of ecological system functions dete rmined by component organism functions and the other non-tilting views have produced the diversified research results on the relation between ecological system functions and biodiversity. However, it is sure that the loss of key species impairs the functions of ecosystem. But for those structure-diversity ecosystems the key species can stabilize the ecosystem functi ons and to some extent mitigate the pressure triggered by species alteration. Studies on relations between stability of ecosystem and biodiversity have not achi eved an agreement, either. The common understanding between biodiversity and sta bility is that reduction in biodiversity can lead to a corresponding decrease in stability of ecosystem. However, there exists another different view asserting there is not any relation between stability and diversity. Through the comparison among researches on local diversity, regional diversity and global diversity and their corresponding measures of protection, we hold the view that the increase of biodiversity within different ranges can be achieved by providing local exper imental plots suitable for its reproductive condition for different species, by controlling regional biodiversity with small-sized species, and by all kinds of natural experimental methods.
Advances in the studies on drought tolerance mechanism of plants
SHAO Yan-Jun, SHAN Lun
2006, 14(4): 16-20.
Abstract(1714) PDF(2581)
Abstract:
Advances in research on the mechanism of plant drought tolerance are briefly reviewed. Osmotic-regulation, scaveging oxidative radicals, aquaporins and lea protein are respectively discussed.
Review on studies on the important role of symbiotic nitrogen fixation in agricu lture and livestock production and the factors affecting its efficiency
ZENG Zhao-Hai, HU Yue-Gao, CHEN Wen-Xin, SUI Xin-Hua, ZHAO Xiao-Meng
2006, 14(4): 21-24.
Abstract(1332) PDF(916)
Abstract:
Symbiotic nitrogen fixation is the main part of BNF(biological nitrogen fixation) characterized by high efficiency and adopted in a wide range, and is of significant practicality as well. The amount of N2 fixed by different legume crops from the atmosphere, the proportion of plant N derived from the N2 fixation are introduced in this paper. And the N transferring from the legume to non-legume crops when they are intercropped, rotated or mixed with legume are discussed. At the same time, the main factors affecting the efficiency of symbiont between legume and Rhizobium are presented. The challenges that China is faced with are the increase of population, the decrease of land, resource decline and environmental deteriorate. To meet these challenges it is an effective way for sustainable agriculture to expand there search of symbiont between legume and Rhizobium.
Application of allelopathy on the continuous cropping of cucumber in horticulture establishments
LI Ming, SHUI Jun-Feng, MA Yong-Qing
2006, 14(4): 25-28.
Abstract(1654) PDF(1251)
Abstract:
Cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.) allelopathy plays an important role in the vegetable production. In this paper, the recent resea rches on cucumber allelopathy, allelopathic mode of action and the mechanism of allelochemicals inhibiting the continuous cropping cucumber growth, as well as the action between the allelopathy and the ecology system of horticulture establi shments are reported. The prospects of cucumber allelopathy utilization in the cucumber plant under the horticulture establishments are discussed.
Characteristics of Cd pollution in soil and the mechanisms of phytoremediation for soil contamination
RU Shu-Hua, SU De-Chun, WANG Ji-Qing
2006, 14(4): 29-33.
Abstract(2167) PDF(1278)
Abstract:
The characteristics of Cd pollution in soil, Cd for ms transformation in the soil and its biological toxicity are reviewed in this paper.In addition, the current situation and harm of soil Cd contamination are d iscussed.Meantime, the remedial mechanisms of phytoremediation for Cd-polluted soil, the research progresses and the applying prospect are described in detail.And the aims and directions for further research are put forward.
Acid rain monitoring technology in agro-environmental protection
TAO Li-Hua, ZHOU Qing
2006, 14(4): 34-37.
Abstract(1330) PDF(728)
Abstract:
In recent years, the area of acid deposition /acid rain (AR)in China is expanded increasingly. The study on monitoring technology on injury caused by AR is needed and stringent especially for the forecast and judgement of AR and the reduction of agricultural losses. According to the rese arches, the monitoring technology on injured plants by AR includes monitoring of visual injury and physiological injury. Monitored parameters involved in the latter are photosynthetic rate, stomatal resistance, cell membrane permeability, chlorophy ll content, cell pH value, stress reaction of activated oxygen defense system, etc. Measuring methods of injury, their advantages and shortages, the effect of AR monitor technology on agro-environmental monitoring and evaluation, agro-regional assignment environmental protection of acid deposition area are discu ssed briefly in the paper. Because the injury of crops caused by AR involves in physiology, bio-chemistry, zoology and so on, screening out the key index based on ecological and physiological researches on different crops under AR stress becomes the most important question. So it must be pointed out that the study, in the future, should emphasize on the improvement of the monitoring system and the expansion of the monitored objects.
Population patterns of dominant species in Saussurea salsa communities at Qinghai Lake area
ZHOU Guo-Ying, CHEN Gui-Chen, HAN You-Ji, LI Jin-Ping, WEI Guo-Liang
2006, 14(4): 38-40.
Abstract(1247) PDF(1227)
Abstract:
The distribution patterns of dominant species in Saussurea salsa communities at Qinghai Lake area were studied. The contiguous grid quadrats were adopted to take samples for field data. The methods such as t-test of v/m ratio, negative binomial parameter, index of dispersion, Cassie index, clumping index, mean crowding index and patchiness index were used to analyze the distribution patterns. The results indicate that Saussurea salsa shows a clump distribution while other species in the communities are all clumped. Moreover, the patterns are closely related to the ecological and biological characteristics of each species.
Studies on production capability of genet of wild compressed limpograss
LIU Jin-Ping, ZHANG Xin-Quan, CHEN Yong-Xia
2006, 14(4): 41-43.
Abstract(1179) PDF(714)
Abstract:
10 production indexes of genet for 44 cases of wild limpograss from southwest district of China were compared. Significant difference was observed on the productivity of these limpograss. The results indicate that every production index of genet presents a great variation. And correlations between different indexes are observed. The variance analysis of yield indexes shows that stem/lamina is significantly-negatively correlated with the moisture of genet(r=-0.42563), and the moisture of lamina is positively correlated with the moisture of stem (r=0.69141), and the space distributing index is correlated with the stem/lamina (r=0.25985). According to the two main production indexes (first tiller number, second space distribution), the 44 cases of wild limpograss are classified into five types. Based on the productivity type, those resources can be studied and exploited to good purpose.
Investigation on the structure of the protective forest belt in sandy area in Maowusu
GERILE, SIQIN Bi-Li-Ge, JIN Rong
2006, 14(4): 44-46.
Abstract(1336) PDF(663)
Abstract:
The results of investigation on the structure of the protective forest belt in sandy area in Maowusu indicate that the structures of the diameter at breast height(DBH)and the height of pure forest of Pinus sylvestris var. are more regular than those of the mixed forest. And it coincides with the changing rule of general species. The crown of the Pinus sylvestris var. is lower than that of mixed forest and P. tabulaeformis. And it decreases with the height of the tree increasing, forming a thick tree crown. According to the analysis, the forest square or the forest belt of the Pinus sylvestris var. should be developed in order to improve the ecological efficiency.
Effects of different harvesting ways on forest landscape ecology
ZHANG Zheng-Xiong, ZHOU Xin-Nian, CHEN Yu-Feng, QIU Jin-Yuan, ZHAO Chen
2006, 14(4): 47-50.
Abstract(1032) PDF(1074)
Abstract:
The analytical results of the effects of different harvesting ways in artificial forest outing areas on forest landscape ecology show that the influence of clear cutting on forest landscape ecology is heavier than that of selective cutting, the impact of belt-shaped clear cutting on forest landscape ecology is more serious than that of lump-shaped clear cutting. The disposing form of cutting area in a sequent plot arrangement is better than that in an interval plot arrangement. The effect of clear cutting in a large cutting area on forest landscape ecology is graver than that of clear cutting in a small cutting area. The influence of selective cutting on forest landscape ecology increases as the intensity of selective cutting is higher, and the effect of selective cutting according to the diameter of wood on forest landscape ecology is heavier than that of intensively selective cutting. The influence of skidding operation on forest landscape ecology is related with skidding ways. The influen ces of different skidding ways are in the following sequence: walking tractor skidding＞pushing cart skidding＞dirt chute skidding＞winch skidding＞suspended cable skidding. The effects of skidding road on forest landscape ecology increase as the density of skidding road increases. And the countermeasures for decreasing effect of harvesting on forest landscape ecology are put forward.
Effects of techniques of water harvesting and water conservation on millet planting in semi-arid areas in south Ningxia
ZHANG De-Qi, LIAO Yun-Cheng, JIA Zhi-Kuan, LIU Shi-Xin, LI Yong-Ping
2006, 14(4): 51-53.
Abstract(999) PDF(888)
Abstract:
In the semi-arid areas of southern Ningxia, the techniques of water harvesting and water conservation in millet planting with film-mulching and FA seeding can effectively enhance the water supplying capacity and temperature of cultivated soil, and increase the yield and water use efficiency of millet. The experimental results show that the hole seeding under the film can make the millet emerge 4d ahead compared with other treatments, the millet yields of hole seeding under the film and furrow seeding with the film are in creased by 131.92% and 98.40% compared with those without the film. The millet yield of FA seeding is increased by 10.42% compared that without FA seeding. The water use efficiency of water harvesting and conservation techniques is increased by 0.065～0.886kg/m3 compared with CK. Furthermore, the planting techniques of film mulching and FA seeding are more beneficial to farmers bringing farmer more incomes.
Studies on dynamic changes of water contents of soil under different land uses in Liudaogou basin
LIU Chun-Li, SHAO Ming-An
2006, 14(4): 54-56.
Abstract(1522) PDF(914)
Abstract:
Based on a case study of a slope in the wind-water erosion crisscross region on the Loess Plateau, the dynamic changes of soil water under different land uses were analyzed during the rain season. The results show that the variation of 0～300cm soil water storage of four types of land uses are different, ranking in following order: degraded alfalfa land＞wasteland＞degraded woodland＞farmland, with a weak spatial variability. The decreasing tendencies of soil water in a soil profile with the increase of the depth are obviously different among the different land uses, the order of the variability is as follows: waste land＞degraded woodland ＞degraded alfalfa＞farmland. The soil water content and the plant biomass fluctuate along the slope from the top to its bottom showing that better vegetation consumes more soil water.
Evaluation of productivity of some sub-surface layers of soil profile
XIE Ying-Ge, XUE Xu-Zhang, WANG Guo-Dong, SHEN Wei-Bo
2006, 14(4): 57-60.
Abstract(938) PDF(712)
Abstract:
The influence of four non-surf ace soil profile layers(AB, Ab, Bk, Bg)on the growth of crop root system and nutrient adsorption were studied by using Chinese cabbage (Jinglu 2)cultivated in pots with 3 different fertilizer treatments: no fertilization, urea treatment, and diammonium orthophosphate treatment. The results indicate that no apparent difference among the treatments in seedling emergence is observed. The dry matter accumulation is increased with the addition of urea and diammonium orthophosphate, but the latter is much more effective. Root-shoot ratio is the lowest in the diammonium orthophosphate treatment; the plant nitrogen content is increased with the addition of urea or diammonium orthophosphate. Plant phosphorus content is increased apparently in diammonium orthophosphate treatment. The experimental results suggest that sub-surface soil layers show no impedient effect on crop growth, and the supplement of nitrogen and phosp horus as well as proper tillage and irrigation would help to improve the product ivity of sub-surface soil.
Analysis on current status of soil environmental quality of tea gardens in Jiangsu Province
ZONG Liang-Gang, ZHOU Jun, LUO Min, LU Li-Jun, FEI Xin-Dong
2006, 14(4): 61-64.
Abstract(1731) PDF(851)
Abstract:
Based on two years field research, the soil fertility and the soil environmental quality of typical tea gardens in Jiangsu Province were analyzed. The results show that the tea garden soils are generally fecund, but the soil organic matter content is appreciably low in some tea gardens. Among the fertilizers applied, the rapeseed meal is of reasonable nutrient composition, high organic matter content and low heavy mental content, so it is the best organic fertilizer for a long-term application in tea gardens. In the regular management of tea gardens, the fertilization is usually delayed 1～2 months. Acidification is serious in the majority of tea garden soil, moreover, the lead content of soil exceeds the standard in a few areas. The high lead content of soil can cause the lead content in tea to exceed the standard, thus influencing the safety of tea quality.
Effects of rice straw mulch on ecological environment of soil in organic tea plantation
WANG Hui-Hai, SHA Li-Qing, YANG Xiao-Dong
2006, 14(4): 65-67.
Abstract(1157) PDF(1099)
Abstract:
The characters of ecological environment of soil under rice straw mulch for many years in organic tea plantation were studied. The results indicate that the rice straw mulch can improve the nutrient regime of soil. The contents of organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphate, and available nitrogen, phosphate, potassium of 0～40cm soil under rice straw mulch are 2.00 times, 1.87 times, 1.66 times, 1.91 times, 1.91 times, 2.56 times, respectively, of those of the check. The rice straw mulch can increase the amount of soil microoganism. The amounts of fungi and bacteria of 0～40cm soil under rice straw mulch are 3.54 times and 4.46 times, respectively, of those in the check. The rice straw mulch can improve the water status of soil in dry season. The water contents of 0～10cm, 10～20cm and 0～30cm soil layers under rice straw mulch are increased by 26.24%, 13.92% and 12.38%, respectively, compared to the check. The rice straw mulch can improve the animal conditon of soil. The total amounts of soil animals of 0～40cm soil layer under rice straw is 1.87 times of that of the check. Therefore, the rice straw mulch should be energetically expanded in organic tea plantation.
Effects of different acidic materials on pH value of calcareous soil
YAO Xiao-Qin, MA Wen-Qi, CHU Jian -Zhou
2006, 14(4): 68-71.
Abstract(1450) PDF(966)
Abstract:
The effects of acidic material on calcareous soil pH were studied by soil culture experiments in lab. The results indicate that the phosphoric acid can effectively reduce the pH value of calcareous soil and the proper acid amount is 3.27g/100g soil which can reduce soil pH from 8.89 to about 6.0. It is not practical to use pH 5.5 phosphoric acid or sulfuric acid solutions to acidify calcareous soil. NH4H2PO4 not only presents better acidification effects, but also has pH buffer capability. It can reduce soil pH value from 8.89 to 6.39 and keeps the acid condition longer as adding 2.3g NH4H2PO4 pre 100g calcareous soil. As an adding dosage of S is 5% of soil, the soil pH value can decrease from 8.90 to 7.0～7.5 in 30 dyas.
Biological response of winter wheat root system to fertilization depth
ZHANG Yong-Qing, MIAO Guo-Yuan
2006, 14(4): 72-75.
Abstract(1076) PDF(722)
Abstract:
Effects of fertilization depth on root system distribution and senescence of winter wheat were studied on the Experimental Farm of Shanxi Agricultural University with a soil column culture. The results indicate that the root system distribution changes with fertilization depth. Fertilization in the depth of 50～100cm can lead to the increase of root weight, root vigor of sub-layer, flag leaf area and net photosynthesis ratio, meanwhile it keeps the activities of SOD and POD in root system at a high level. The content of MDA in wheat root system is decreased, and the senescence of wheat delays,the yield increases. The study also shows that super-deep (150cm) application of fertilizer has an inductive effect on root growing downwards also, but the total root weight and yield decreases sharply. It is suggested that the 50～100cm depth of fertilization could be used as an effective way to delay senescence and increase yield.
Effects of genotype and nitrogen fertilizer on winter wheat photosynthetic parameters and leaf morphogenesis during later growth
WU Wei-Mo, LI Shi-Qing, WANG Rui-Jun, SHAO Ming-An
2006, 14(4): 76-81.
Abstract(898) PDF(692)
Abstract:
A field experiment was carried out in the south part of loess plateau on the soil with 632mm annual precipitation and eight winter wheat varieties, “NR9405”,“9430”,“Yanshi No.9”,“Xiaoyan No.6”,“Shan229”,“Xinong2208”,“Aifeng No.3”and “Shang188” were used as indicators to study the effects of genotype and nitrogen fertilizer on winter wheat photosynthetic parameters and leaf morphogenesis. The results show that genotypes differ significantly in photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatic conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (E) and short-time water use efficiency (WUEst) of second leaf at booting and flag leaf at filling. The application of nitrogen fertilizer can significantly decrease the transpiration rate (E) of second leaf at booting, but it has no significantly effect on any other physiological parameters both at booting and at filling. Genotypes differ significantly in the length, width and area of second leaf and flag leaf, these leaf morphogenesis traits are increased significantly by the application of nitrogen fertilizer. During the grain-filling, the flag leaf SPAD is affected by genotype and nitrogen fertilizer and the leaf senescence index is affected only by genotype, not by nitrogen fertilization.
Effects of nitrogen fertilizer and genotypes on the nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation of winter wheat grain during grain-filling period in a sub-humid farmland eco-system
WU Wei-Mo, LI Shi-Qing, SHAO Ming-An
2006, 14(4): 82-88.
Abstract(1012) PDF(743)
Abstract:
A field experiment was carried out in the south part of loess plateau with 632mm annual precipitation and three varieties of winter wheat,“9430”，“Xiaoyan No.6”,“Shang 188”were used as indicating crops to study the effects of nitrogen fertilizer on grain nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation during the grain-filling period. The results show that during the grain-filling period, the grain nitrogen concentration presents a “high-low-high” temporal changing pattern, but the grain phosphorus concentration declines linearly. The final grain nitrogen concentration is coincident with the grain nitrogen concentration during the grain-filling period in six treatments.“Xiaoyan No.6”grain nitrogen concentration is always higher than that of “Shang 188” and “9430”during the grain-filling period. The grain nitrogen accumulation rate is higher than that of phosphorus; especially at the end of the grain-filling period. There is a significant positive relationship between the length of active grain nitrogen accumulation period and the thousand-kernel weight. Increasing grain nitrogen accumulation rate can increase the grain protein content. Genotype has a significant effect on the active grain nitrogen accumulation period and the average nitrogen accumulation rate, but has not any significant effect on the active grain phosphorus accumulation period and the average phosphorus accumulation rate. Although nitrogen application has not any significant effect on the parameters of grain nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation during the grain-filling period, it could increase the grain nitrogen concentration at mature.
Effects of nitrogen fertilizer on yield components of different genotypic winter wheat in sub-humid farmland ecologic system
WANG Rui-Jun, LI Shi-Qing, WU Wei-Mo, SHAO Ming-An
2006, 14(4): 89-93.
Abstract(1207) PDF(852)
Abstract:
A field experiment was carried out in the south part of Loess Plateau with 632mm precipitation and eight winter wheat varieties, “NR9405”,“9430”,“Yanshi No.9”,“Xiaoyan No.6”,“Shan229”,“Xinong2208”,“Aifeng No.3”and “Shang188”were used as indicating crops to study the effects of nitrogen fertilizer on the yield components of different genotypic winter wheat. The results show that there is a significant difference of ears per unit area, kernels per unit area,tillers per plant,proportion of tillers in the total ears at maturity, kernels per spike,1000 kernel weight, grain volume, grain bulk density, yield per unit area among different genotypic winter wheat. The application of nitrogen fertilizer has a positive effect on plant spike, grain yield per unit area, 1000 kernel weight, and has no significant effect on harvest index. Increase of spike per unit area and valid tillers per plant causes the decrease of 1000 kernel weight; also increasing kernel volume causes the increase of 1000 kernel weight. Spikes grains, tillers per unit area, proportion of tillers in the total areas, kernel weight per plant are the main factors affecting the wheat's yield.
Effects of different fertilizer application combined with different DPC quantities on photosynthesis property and yield of cotton directly seeded after wheat
MA Zong-Bin, LI Ling-Li, XIE De-Yi, FANG Wei-Ping, YANG Tie-Gang
2006, 14(4): 94-97.
Abstract(1215) PDF(1001)
Abstract:
Effects of three levels of N, P, K fertilizer application combined with two DPC spraying quantity on photosynthesis property and yield of cotton directly seeded after wheat were studied under a field condition. The results show that applying urea(225kg/hm2)，superphosphate(450kg/hm2),potassium chloride(150kg/hm2)and spraying DPC(90g/hm2)can improve the maximal PSⅡ light energy transformation efficiency (Fv/Fm)，PSⅡ activity(Fv/Fo),photosynthesis rate (Pn) and stomatal conductance (Gs) of leaves of cotton, and increase the canopy photosynthesis rate (CAP),bolls per plant, high-quality bolls and bolls weight of cotton. Compared with other treatments, lint yield is increased by 17.4%～33.9%.
Effects of several new-type compound fertilizers on the quality of romaine lettuce cultivated soillessly
LI Hui-He, YE Xue-Jian, WANG Zheng-Yin, YANG Ling-Bin
2006, 14(4): 98-101.
Abstract(1636) PDF(759)
Abstract:
A pot culture with the soil-less medium, i.e. the mixture of three solid materials (pearlite: coal cinder: sand=50:100:190), was conducted to study the effects of three new-type compound fertilizers on the yield, the contents of nitrate, heavy metal and nutrient quality of romaine lettuce. Results indicate that the yields of romaine lettuce under different treatments vary significantly and the fertilizers is in the order of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer＞bio-compound fertilizer＞inorganic nutrient solution (check)＞organic compound fertilizer according to the yield of lettuce with different fertilization. The contents of nitrate of romaine lettuce range from 1375mg/kg to 3935mg/kg and the maximum of nitrate appears in the check and the minimum in the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer treatment. Three compound fertilizers can reduce the nitrate contents of romaine lettuce by 37.9%～72.5% as compared with the check. Contents of Hg, Pb and Cr in romaine lettuce under three compound fertilizer treatments are lower than GB (the national limit indices of China) and reduced by 20.8%～83.1% as compared with the check. Total accumulations of Hg, Pb, and Cr in romaine lettuce account for 11.1%～63.0%，38.2%～78.7% and 10.9%～53.5%, respectively, under the compound fertilizer treatments. Applying compound fertilizer can obviously improve soluble sugar and Vc contents, but a different effect on the content of amino acid in romaine lettuce is observed.
Effects of several chemicals on yield, nitrate content and nutritive quality of lettuce
SU Sheng-Qi, WANG Zheng-Yin
2006, 14(4): 102-105.
Abstract(1362) PDF(824)
Abstract:
The orthogonal design, L8(27), was adopted to study the effects of gibberellin (GA), ammonium molybdate (Mo) and dicyandiumide (DCD) on the yield, nitrate content and nutritive quality of lettuce. The results indicate that the yields of lettuce are increased by 10.7%～41.6% by three chemicals combined treatments with the following sequence, Mo＞GA＞DCD. The nitrate contents in stem and leaf are decreased by 21.8%～54.5% and 4.3%～40.2%, respectively, with the following sequence, GA＞DCD＞Mo. Compared with CK, the contents of Vc and amino acid in stem are reduced while the water content increases according to the yield of lettuce with different fertilization. The contents of Vc and amino acid in leaf are improved but the water content does not change obviously. The spraying of ammonium molybdate can lead to the accumulation of Mo in lettuce, but it does not exceed the safe limit. According to the yield, nutritive content and healthy quality of lettuce, the optimum treatment is A1B1C1 (GA 25mg/L+Mo 150mg/L+DCD 12.5mg/pot).
Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation on the yield and quality of sweet potato
LIU Wen-Ke, FENG Gu, LI Xiao-Lin
2006, 14(4): 106-108.
Abstract(1428) PDF(1017)
Abstract:
Effects of inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on sweet potato yield and quality were investigated in field condition. The results show that the inoculation can increase mycorrhizal fungi colonization, growth and P uptake of sweet potato six weeks after transplantation and also improve the yield and tuber quality of sweet potato on harvest. In summary, the mycorrhizal fungi stain from the native soil performs better than that from exotic soil and mixed strains perform better than the single one.
Study on the characteristics of nutrient releasing of the coated urea with tung oil as controlling materials
SHI Wei-Sheng, LUO Xiao-Lin, TANG Hui, WANG Ya-Ming
2006, 14(4): 109-111.
Abstract(1512) PDF(1002)
Abstract:
The captive test in the water and the potted planting experiment were used to study the nutrients releasing dynamics of polymer-coated-released fertilizer. The result shows that the preliminary solubility rate of nitrogen of tung oil-coated urea is 12.6% in the soil and 20.1% in the water meaning that tung oil is a preferable coating materials. The ratio of the releasing periods in the water to in the soil is 1:1.2. The kinetics equation of LOGISTIC could be used to express the nutrient release characteristics. The nitrogen release rate can be reflected by the velocity coefficient k.
Effects of planting densities on canopy apparent photosynthesis, canopy structure and yield of cotton drip-irrigated under the mulch in Xinjiang
LUO Hong-Hai, ZHANG Wang-Feng, ZHAO Rui-Hai, HAN Chun-Li, SHI Min
2006, 14(4): 112-114.
Abstract(1585) PDF(1000)
Abstract:
The field experiments on the effects of 3 planting densities on the canopy apparent photosynthesis, canopy structure and yield of cotton drip-irrigated under the mulch were conducted in earlier harvest area of North Xinjiang. The results indicate that the optimum population density of the cotton is 240000 plantlets/hm2, under which the canopy structure, canopy apparent photosynthesis, leaf index, dry matter accumulation and distribution and lint yield of cotton are better than those under other densities.
Studies on the characteristics of photosynthetically active radiation under intercropping of wheat and maize
GAO Yang, DUAN Ai-Wang
2006, 14(4): 115-118.
Abstract(1121) PDF(843)
Abstract:
On the basis of observation on the incident and transmitted photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) of the winter wheat canopy under the monoculture and intercropping ways, the diurnal change of intercepti on photosynthetically active radiation (IPAR), the relationship between IPAR and leave area index(LAI), and the shading of the winter wheat were studied. The results show that there is a bimodal curve in the diurnal change of IPAR. When LAI is lower than 2, IPAR of intercropping is about 50% of that of monoculture; when LAI is larger than 2, IPAR is almost equal under two planting ways. In addition, there is a good relationship between IPAR and LAI. The results also show that there is a bimodal curve in the diurnal change of fraction of shading(FS), and a good relationship between FS and height(H).
The effects of different light qualities on cucumber fruit quality and yield in greenhouse
WANG Shao-Hui, KONG Yun, CHEN Qing-Jun, CHENG Ji-Hong, XU Li-Lin
2006, 14(4): 119-121.
Abstract(1685) PDF(934)
Abstract:
The effects of different light qualities(blue, red, UV-A, UV-B)on the quality of cucumber fruit growing in solar greenhouse were investigated and the contents of vitamin C, protein, and deoxidized sugar were measured. The results show that the vitamin C content of cucumber fruit under UV-B and red light is higher than that under UV-A and blue light; the contents of protein and deoxidized sugar in fruit under blue light are the highest among these under all the treatments. Under UV-A light the yield is higher than that under any other treatments.
Effects of application of chemical fertilizers on bioavailability of heavy metals in soil
ZHANG Lei, SONG Feng-Bin, CUI Liang
2006, 14(4): 122-125.
Abstract(1391) PDF(1445)
Abstract:
The availability of heavy metals to plants is one of the topics in the study of environmental science. This paper by using the recent achievements, presents an overview on effects of chemical fertilizers on availability of heavy metals. Fertilizers can alter soil properties such as pH, ionic constituents in solution and CEC or can directly react with heavy metal ions. All these effects would change the forms of heavy metals in soil and the absorbing process of plants. Therefore, when applying fertilizers to soil, their types and their rates should be considered, especially for heavy metal-contaminated soils.
Correlation between the heavy metal pollution in soil and quality of vegetable in farming district of Zhengzhou
ZHAO Yong, LI Hong-Juan, SUN Zhi-Qiang
2006, 14(4): 126-130.
Abstract(1818) PDF(1444)
Abstract:
The singlefactor pollution index and the comprehensive pollution index were adopted to investigate the heavymetals（Hg 、Cr 、Cd 、Pb 、As 、Cu 、Zn）pollution of ３ different irrigated soils and quality of vegetables growing in them inZhengzhou suburb ． The results show that the soil environment in Zhengzhou suburb is qualified for the second level criterion of “Standard of Soil Environment” （GB１５６１８ — １９９５） ． But some vegetables have been polluted seriously by heavymetals according to the national vegetable food criterion ． The pollution of Zn ， Cr ， Cu ， Cd in soil shows a significantlypositive correlation with the pollution of most vegetables ． And Pb ， Hg pollution has not presented a correlation betweenthe pollution of most vegetables and soil contamination ．
Accumulating effects of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) on copper in soil
WANG Yong-Fen, XI Lei
2006, 14(4): 131-133.
Abstract(893) PDF(777)
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Pot experiments cultivating sunflower in different artificially copper-contaminated soil in greenhouse were conducted. The results show that the biological properties of sunflower such as dry weight of shoot, dry weight of root, leaf area are reduced with the increase of copper concentration added to soil. The root growth is seriously inhabited under 200mg/kg Cu treatment. But the maximal plant height is gotten under the 100mg/kg Cu treatment. It is also found that the accumulating ability of copper of sunflower changes with the copper concentration. The root of sunflower accumulates more copper when the Cu concentration in soil is lower, while the Cu contents in shoot are very low. Under the treatment of 100mg/kg Cu in soil, the Cu content in the leaves is higher than that in the root, reaching 857±297mg/kg (dry weight), and the ratio of Cu accumulation in leaf to that in root reaches 1.27. So the sunflower can extract more copper by the harvesting because there is a higher accumulation of Cu in the sunflower shoots and leaves when Cu concentration in the soil is higher, but the growth of sunflower is restrained. So when sunflower is used to remediate copper-contaminated soil, other means such as inoculation of rhizospheric microorganisms, transgenic, agro-biological environmental engineering technique, and so on should be considered to increase its biomass.
Methane emission from rice-rape rotation paddy fields and its total amount estimation
HAN Guang-Xuan, ZHU Bo, GAO Mei-Rong
2006, 14(4): 134-137.
Abstract(1350) PDF(790)
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Methane emission fluxes from rice-rape rotation paddy fields were measured by the static chamber-gas chromatographic techniques in hilly area of the central Sichuan Basin. The results show that CH4 emission from paddy fields varies remarkably and seasonally during the rice-growing season, and the peak value of methane emission is presented in the metaphase of rice bearing stage. The average flux of CH4 emission from paddy fields is 6.20 mg/m2·h. The influencing factors on CH4 emission from paddy fields are discussed in this paper. The rice plants play a key role in the methane emission during the early growing stage of rice; while the temperature plays a key role in the methane emission during the tassel and mature stage of rice. The total amount of CH4 emission during the rice growing season is about 173.96kg/hm2.
The potential of Allium ascalonicum L. in purification and reclamation of wastewater
XU Xiao-Feng, ZHOU Xiao-Ping, YANG Lin-Zhang, XU Hai
2006, 14(4): 138-140.
Abstract(1267) PDF(761)
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The effect of hydroponic Allium ascalonicum L.on the nutrient reduction and reclamation of wastewater was studied in this paper. The results show that the rates of the removed total nitrogen and total phos phorus are 98.5% and 94.85%, respectively, in A. ascalonicum treatments, and 76.44% and 52.96%, respectively, in controls. During the growth period 11.51g/m2 nitrogen and 4.60g/m2 phosphorus is uptaken by A. ascalonicum L. , and its yield is 64.9t/hm2. The result indicates that shallot not only can purify wastewater effectively, but also has obvious good economic value.
A RAPD analysis of shoot cadmium accumulating characteristic and tolerance of vegetable cultivars from Brassica genus
WANG Song-Liang
2006, 14(4): 141-145.
Abstract(1056) PDF(799)
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13 cultivars of Brassica Chinensis and 11 of B. oleracea were analyzed using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers to investigate the pattern of genetic variation related to Cd accumulation and tolerance of shoot under Cd stress. 31 well-amplified and highly reproductive polymorphic bands by 5 of total 8 random primers were scored, with length between 100～2000bp. Two polygenic trees, of B. Chinensis and B. oleracea, respectively, computed using micro-evolution method show that the cultivars with high shoot Cd accumulation present tight clustering tendence, and it is of highly significant linear regression between the shoot Cd content and their correspondingly genetic distance. The genetic diversity is found higher in subgroup of high shoot Cd content than that in subgroup of low shoot Cd content. Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) of the RAPD markers give highly statistical significance to the subgroupings of populations according to the shoot Cd content, indicating that RAPD markers detect a polymorphism related to the Cd accumulation. Finally, two RAPD bands, one for B. chinensis (350bp), another for B. oleracea (410bp), presented in high shoot Cd content subgroup, but exclusive to the low one are identified.
Effects of paraquat on soil microorganism
DENG Xiao, TANG Qun-Feng
2006, 14(4): 146-149.
Abstract(1020) PDF(1069)
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The effects of paraquat at five different concentrations on the population of microorganism and the growth of bacteria, actinomyces and fungi in soil were studied. The results show that the herbicide inhabits the population of microorganism and the growth of bacteria, actinomyces and fungi in soil. And the inhibiting effect is more obvious with the increasing of concentration of the herbicide. The inhibiting rate of the population of bacteria is 13.3%～100% and the diameter of inhibiting circle is 0.07～0.93cm, that of the population of actinomyces is 8.6%～100% and that of inhibiting circle is 0～3.00cm, that of the population of fungi is 7.6%～100% and the inhib iting rate of the growth of fungi is 1.4%～77.3%. The inhibiting effect becomes weak with the prolonging of time.
Influences of insecticides and herbicides on the growth of the biocontrol fungus Coniothyrium minitans Campbell
HAN Ju-Cai, ZHANG Yong-Jie, LIU Hui-Ping, LAN Rui-Qin, GAO Jun-Ming
2006, 14(4): 150-152.
Abstract(1123) PDF(961)
Abstract:
The colony-diameter methods recommended by FAO were used to evaluate the toxicity of eight insecticides, four her bicides, three plant-growth regulators and one antibiotic to Coniothyrium minitans Campbell. Results show that among insecticides, cypermethrin, abamectin, chlorpyrfos and dichlorovos are most toxic to the biocontrol agent (EC50＞MRAR, Maximal recommended application rate), followed by phoxim and omethoate, however, imidacloprid and methomyl hardly have inhibitory effects. All herbicides tested can strongly inhibit mycelial growth and their EC50 values are significantly lower than the MRAR. Under the recommended application rates, all plant-growth regulators tested are safe to the fungus. Although streptomycin sulfate has some inhibiting effects on the growth of C. minitans, its EC50 value is higher than the MRAR. It is suggested that the plant-growth regulators, such as naphthaleneacetic acid, gibberellic acid, brassinolide, and insecticides, such as imidacloprid and methomyl may be safely used in the fields using C. minitans to control sclerotinia disease, but herbicide lactofen, haloxyfop-R-Methyl, paraquat and glyphosate should be restrictedly used.
The effect of different substrate concentrations on the growth of Paecilomyces lilacinus “NH-PL-03”
LI Fang, LIU Bo, HUANG Su-Fang
2006, 14(4): 153-156.
Abstract(1130) PDF(808)
Abstract:
The effect of different substrate concentrations on the growth of Paecilomyces lilacinus “NH-PL-03”was studied.The results show that the substrate concentration has a significant effect on the growth of Paecilomyces lilacinus. To some degrees, a lower substrate concentration (C+N=0.015g/mL) is good for sporulation, the sporulation reaches the peak value of 69.20 million/mL at 8d, and a higher concentration (C+N=0.045g/mL) benefits the biomass growth and toxic outcome, the maximal dry matter weight of culture liquid of 0.82g(each 50mL) occurs at 10d, the toxic result to Ditylenchus destructor is 52.30% at 8d. The highest substrate concentration (C+N=0.135g/mL) shows obvious inhibitting effect on the growth of Paecilomyces lilacinus, whose dry matter weight and sporulation are 0.23g and 15.10 million/mL at 10d.
Comparison of diseases incidence and four fungi abundance between tomato resistant rootstock and cultivar “Maofen” in greenhouse
CHEN Guo-Kang, CAO Zhi-Ping, CHEN Yun-Feng, WANG Xiu-Hui, LI Jian-Qiang
2006, 14(4): 157-160.
Abstract(1312) PDF(957)
Abstract:
The experiment was conducted in greenhouse in Qingzhou, China from 2002 to 2003 to compare the diseases problems in the field and four fungi abundance in the rhizosphere between two tomato cultivars,the resist ant rootstock (Beaufort SIS-1,Lycopersicon lycopersicum×L.h irsutum) and non-resistant “Maofen-802”( Maofen,Lycopersicum esculentum Mill).After transplantation of “Maofen” and resistant rootstock grafted with “Maofen”,the dead rate of resistant rootstock seedlings in the field was 13.1%,significantly (T-test,P＜0.05)lower than 31.3%, that of “Maofen” plots. The principal diseases factors in volved tomato rhizoctonia rot (Rhizoctonia solani), tomato fern leaf (ToMV) and tomato damping off (Pythium aphanidermatum). In the late period of harvest (June 2003),the disease index of root-knot nematode in “Maofen” plots reached 80.0,significantly (P＜0.05) higher than 15.1 in the resistant rootstock plots. Similarly,the density of the second juvenile of Meloidogyne incognita in 100 grams fresh soil in “Maofen” plots was 657 individuals,significantly (P＜0.05) higher than 477 ones in resistant rootstock plots.In the harvest period, furthermore,it was found that beside Fusarium spp.in June and July 2003,the abundance (CFU per gram of fresh soil) of each of four fungi in the resistant rootstock rhizosphere was lower than that in “Maofen” plot.It is concluded,as compared with “Maofen”,the resistant rootstock shows a good resistance to soil born diseases such as rhizoctonia rot,damping off and root-knot nematode,and an obvious repression effect on the development of four fungi populations, Fusarium spp., Trichoderma spp.,Phytophthora spp.,Pythium spp.in the rhizosphere.
Studies on photosynthesis of sweet potato under the stress of sweet potato scab
YU Wen-Ying, PAN Ting-Guo, KE Yu-Qin, WANG Xiang-Ping, AI Yu-Fang
2006, 14(4): 161-164.
Abstract(1309) PDF(738)
Abstract:
Two sweet potato varieties with different responses to sweet potato scab stress (“Guangshu 88-70”,a disease-resistant variety;“Jinshan 1255”,a disease-sensitive variety) were used as experimental materials to study the metabolism of photosynthesis of plants under sweet potato scab stress in field experiment.Under sweet potato scab stress,chlorophyll is decomposed;the contents of unsaturated membrane fatty acids,the index of the unsaturated fatty acids,and the membrane fluidity decrease.The activities of Mg2+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase of chloroplast decrease.But two sweet potato varieties own different decreasing rate of activities of ATPase.On the other hand,the stomatal conductance,net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate decrease to different degrees. Intercellular CO2 concentration of sensitive variety increases to a little degree and that of resistant variety decrease.The ultrastructure of chloroplast of disease-sensitive variety is much more decomposed than that of disease-resistant variety.
Effects of different K fertilizers on the yield and the contents of amino acids of Pleurotus tuber-regium,s sclerotium
JIANG Zhi-He, WENG Bo-Qi, LEI Jin-Gui, WANG Yi-Xiang, LUO Tao
2006, 14(4): 165-167.
Abstract(814) PDF(818)
Abstract:
Effects of different kalium fertilizers on the yield and the contents of amino acids of Pleurotus Tuber-regium's sclerotium were studied with the grey-system theory. The results show that the correlative coefficient between the yield, the content of amino acid of Pleurotus Tuber-regium's sclerotium and KNO3 treatment is highest, KCl treatment is the second.The correlative coefficient of K2SO4 treatment is the minimum,which is consistent with the experimental result.
Studies on relationship between wheat morphological character as well as grain contents and wheat midge resistance
MA Ai-Ping, SHI Zh ong-Liang, XIE Fu-Lai, QIU Song-Ying, ZHU Jin-Yun
2006, 14(4): 168-170.
Abstract(1082) PDF(821)
Abstract:
Actual loss rate of grain weight, morphological character and grain contents of ten resistant varieties were studied in wheat midge garden in Linfen, Shanxi Province from 1999 to 2004. The results figure out the main quantitative characters, qualitative characters and actual loss rate of grain weight of varieties with different wheat midge resistances. The analyzing results on grain biochemical matters show that phenols, tannins and soluble sugar are major secondary metabolic products relating to the wheat midge resistance, and phenols are particularly important. The study has provided important parameters in selective breeding and application of new varieties of wheat with midge resistance.
Spatial distribution pattern of water chestnut beetle (Galerucella birmanica Jacoby)
ZHENG Fu-Shan, DU Yu-Zhou, LU Yan-Yang, QIANG Cheng-Kui, DING Jian-Qing
2006, 14(4): 171-175.
Abstract(1285) PDF(774)
Abstract:
Two regression models and nine indices of aggregation［K、C、CA、I、Iδ、M*、M*/x、L*、L*/(1+x)］were used to test the spatial distribution patterns of population of Galerucella birmanica Jacoby in the water chestnut fields. The results indicate that the distribution patterns belong to an aggregated distribution and incline to an even distribution at a low density. The beetles occur in the loose colonies. The regression relation between the size of individual group (L*) and the average density (x) is L*=17.7117+1.5701x. The testing result of using the model, x=kc(P-1/kc0-1),to analyze the correlation between the rate of insect-free plants and average intensity shows that this model is practical to estimate the average intensity of insects in fields. The reason for the aggregation has been analyzed with Blackith's λ. The result shows that their aggregation seems to be due to both the biological characters of population of beetles and the growth of water chestnut.
Application of electrophoretic analysis on detecting the predation of Pardosa astrigera to Plutella maculipennis Curtis
WANG Ning-Bo, LI Sheng-Cai
2006, 14(4): 176-178.
Abstract(1144) PDF(943)
Abstract:
The polyacylamide gel electrophoretic analysis was used to detect the changes of esterase isoenzymes (EST) in Pardosa astrigera (♀/♂) after feeding the beet armyworm Plutella maculipennis Curtis. The results show that the special EST of prey is found, the optimal detecting time for the polyacylamide gel electrophoretic is from 3h to 6h for the female spider and from 6h to 9h for the male spider after feeding. The female spider's digesting is quicker than that of the male.
Insecticidal activities of the non-allkaloid extracts from Tripterygium wilfordii against Plutella xylostella
XU Hong-Xing, CHEN Jian-Ming, LU Zhong- Xian, CHEN Lie-Zhong, YU Xiao-Ping
2006, 14(4): 179-181.
Abstract(1858) PDF(1225)
Abstract:
The tests on insecticidal activities of the non-alkaloid extracts from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook.f.against Plutella xylostella L. were conducted. The results show that the non-alkaloid extracts from T. wilfordii has a strong antifeedance toxicity and growth inhibiting activities. The medium antifeedance concentration (AFC50) of the non-alkaloid extracts against the 2nd instar larva of P. xylosella are 34.89mg/L and 42.33mg/L in the choice and no-choice tests, respectively. The medium lethal concentration (LC50) against the 2nd instar of P. xylosella is 49.86mg/L. The non-alkaloid extracts also shows a strong growth inhibiting activity to the larva of P. xylosella. But the effect of the non-alkaloid extracts on the eggs of L.xylosella is not obvious. The egg hatchability and survival rate of the newly-hatched larva of P. xylosella treated with 400mg/L of the non-alkaloid extracts are 53.48% and 46%, respectively.
Environment analysis of naturally ventilated sheep house in winter in Inner Mongolia
ZANG Qiang, LI Bao-Ming, SHI Zheng-Xiang, HAN Jing, ZHAO Yang
2006, 14(4): 182-184.
Abstract(1182) PDF(854)
Abstract:
The environment of naturally ventilated sheep house was tested and analyzed at a sheep farm in Inner Mongolia in winter. The results show that the average indoor temperature and relative humidity of sheep house at night are -2.8～1.2 ℃ and 64.5%～73.5%, respectively. The indoor temperature and the relative humidity of sheep house are influenced by the outdoor temperature and the outdoor relative humidity. The indoor temperature is 9～12℃ higher than the outdoor one, and the temperature indoor fluctuates less than that outdoor. The air velocity, CO2 and NH3 concentration are suitable for sheep requirement. The results show that the indoor temperature and the relative humidity are obvious different when the sheep house orientation is different. The indoor temperature of houses facing to the south is 2～3℃ higher than that to the east. The indoor temperature of houses with the windows closed is 2～4℃ higher than that with the north windows opened. The naturally ventilated sheep house improves the environment situation to some degrees and alleviates the hazard of inclement weather to the sheep industry. But the house without any heating system can not meet the environment requests of lying lamb in winter.
Effects of the mixing way of different pastures and crop straws on the nutritive characteristics and utilization efficiency of forage
JIANG Hai-Lin, TANG Shao-Xun, ZHOU Chuan-She, TAN Zhi-Liang
2006, 14(4): 190-194.
Abstract(1914) PDF(1008)
Abstract:
The study was conducted by using in vitro gas production technique to investigate the fermentation characteristics of a compound forage mixed by silage of corns and rice straws(50∶50)and different proportional gramineae grasses.The results show that the maximum theoretic gas production,rate of gas production and lag time of gas production present different changing patterns,respectively,with the variation of mixed proportion.The obvious positive associative effects are noted when the mixture of rice straw and silage corn is mixed with Ponnisetum hydridum or Lolium perenne with the proportion of 25∶75.The significantly(P＜0.001) positive relationship is observed between gas production and content of crude protein or neutral detergent soluble matter,and the significantly(P＜0.001) negative relationship is found between gas production and content of neutral detergent fiber or acid detergent fiber.It can be concluded that adding pastures rich in fermentable carbohydrate and/or digestible protein into low-quality forage is essential and necessary to improve utilization efficiency of crude forage.
Tomato structural-functional modelⅠ：A 3D architectural modeling based on finite state automation
DONG Qiao-Xue, WANG Yi-Ming, Jean Francois BARCZI
2006, 14(4): 195-199.
Abstract(1118) PDF(1841)
Abstract:
According to tomato's structural characteristics and its developmental rules of morphology,a dynamic and stochastic architectural model was set up by applying the theory of finite state automation.By the investigation on the real plant,four macro-levels were abstracted to describe the architecture of tomato,and two fundamental concepts,namely physiological age(PHYAGE) and growing age (GA),were proposed to simulate its growth,branching and death process.Binomial law was used to model the stochastic number of nodes on some growth axis.Markov process was explored to simulate its ramification pattern.With the parameters got from the experimental data,the architectures of tomato at different stages were reproduced.This dynamic model will provide a basis to interface with function-oriented model in order to set up an interactive structural-functional tomato model for the further study.
Case analysis on comprehensive benefit of irrigation system of corps by improved model of AHP and comparison with its antetype
SUI Peng, ZHANG Hai-Lin, GAO Wang-Sheng, CHANG Xin
2006, 14(4): 200-203.
Abstract(1154) PDF(794)
Abstract:
Two parts of analytic hierarchy process (AHP) were improved.One is that the parameters “xminjand xmaxj”of the original model(xij-xminj)/(xmaxj-xminj)are substituted by the parameter“x0j” of a new model(xij-x0j)/x0j,which is obtained from an experiment.The other change is that the linear formula “P(xij)=1+4×(xij-xminj)/(xmaxj-xminj)” is replaced by a parabola formula “P(xij)=[(xij-x0j)/x0j]n”. The comprehensive benefits of irrigation systems of wheat were evaluated with two models,and the results are different between two models.The results of the new model break away from the relative comparison of pure mathematics in the original model and can reflect the true value both of the individual and comprehensive benefit more accurately.So the results of the new model are more beneficial and practical to production.
Systemic design and analysis technology of product map
DENG Hua, XUE Zheng-Ping, YANG Xing-Wei
2006, 14(4): 204-207.
Abstract(1049) PDF(702)
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To analyze the affecting factors to farm products is an important precondition of precision agriculture,which is an imperative link in the transforming process from the information of products,soil and environment to the concrete agricultural operation.The paper reports the ordinary methods of the analysis including their relative softwares,the design.The structure and function of product map analysis system are designed and discussed.
Changing characteristic and trend analysis of water quality of Qiandao Lake
LUO Xian-Bao, WEN Jun, LUO Dong-Qi, FANG Zhi-Fa
2006, 14(4): 208-212.
Abstract(1401) PDF(863)
Abstract:
The results of analysis on the comprehensive pollution index show that most monitoring items and sectional pollution indexes demonstrate a notable declining tendency,indicating that the water quality of Qiandao Lake is faced with a relatively low risk.The comparisons of comprehensive water pollution index among sections show that the sections of Jiekou,Hangtou Island and Baimufan,which represent the three main water sources of Qiandao Lake,are the most serious ones.The pollutants input through rivers are the primary threat of the water quality.Jiekou has the highest intensity of contamination input.Its index is significantly higher than those of other sections.The comparative analysis of the comprehensive pollution indexes of all monitoring items indicates the input of total N is the primary risk factor leading to the decline of water quality in the near future.The load ratio analysis of the comprehensive pollution indexes of all monitoring items,the indexes of total N,dissolved oxygen and potassium permanganate are the highest ones,with a total value up to 71% of the whole lake,and total N is approximately 49%,much higher than other items.The tendency analysis shows that the load ratio of total N presents a significant declining trend,and to some extent so do other items except fecal coliform.
Temporal and spatial distribution of poultry excrements in every district and county of Chongqing
PENG Li, GU Wen-Hai, WEI Shi-Qiang, WANG Din g-Yong
2006, 14(4): 213-216.
Abstract(1151) PDF(782)
Abstract:
Poultry excrements are generally considered as the main non-point pollution source in the country.Hence,the annual amount of excretion has increasingly attracted people's attention.Based on the statistic information in the years 1995,1996 and 2000,2001 of every district and county of Chongqing,the paper estimated the amount of poultry excrements,analyzed and compared the distribution characteristics and changing tendency of excreta amount of poultry per year.It can be known from the analyzing results that in 1995,1996,2000 and 2001,the excreta amount of poultry urine is 74.5503 million tons,78.3156 million tons, 72.2384 million tons, and 74.2152 million tons, respectively.The weight of equated pig excrements,in the four years above mentioned,are 69.5484 million tons,74.1962 million tons,64.335 million tons,,67.480 2 million tons,respectively.The average contents of organic matter, N, P and K of the poultry excrements per year are 7.9445 million tons,0.4327 million tons,0.2336 million tons, and 0.4551 million tons，respectively.The equated pig excrement load and the amount of organic matter, N, P and K are greater in the outskirts,and the amount of poultry excrements,organic matter, N, P and K in it is greater in the Three-Gorge area. No distinct differences of the aspects above between before and after 1997.
Analysis on ecological footprint of Shaanxi Province in 2002
ZHAO Xian-Gui, MA Cai-Hong, LAN Ye-Xia, WANG Shu-Zhuan
2006, 14(4): 217-220.
Abstract(1413) PDF(840)
Abstract:
Ecological footprint analysis is a new method for measuring ecological sustainable development.The method is used to calculate the ecological footprint of Shaanxi Province in 2002.The results show that ecological deficit is 0.166hm2 per capita indicating that Shaanxi Province is in an unsustainable development status.The result has an instructional function to the environmental protection,economic development and social progress.
Calculation and analysis of ecological footprint and ecological environment coordination degree of Poyang Lake area
LAI Fa-Ying, ZHOU Chun-Huo, XIAO Yuan-Dong, GONG Song, CHEN Jing
2006, 14(4): 221-225.
Abstract(889) PDF(687)
Abstract:
Ecological footprint is a new reference method based on the consumption to evaluate the sustainable development of an area,while the ecological coordination degree assesses the sustainable development of an area transversally.The concept of ecological footprint,the calculation methods of ecological footprint and the ecological coordination degree are introduced in this paper.And the calculation and analysis results of the ecological footprint and the ecological coordination degree of Poyang Lake area in 2003 are presented.The results show that there is an ecological deficit in Poyang Lake area in 2003 and the ecological coordination quotiety is 1.3802,the ecological coordination degree is 43 showing that the development of Poyang Lake area is not coordinated and not sustainable.
Probing into the patterns of land use and protection in Karst region based on RS & GIS—A case study from Huanjiang County in Northwest Guangxi
YANG Chun-Hua, WANG Ke-Lin, CHEN Hong-Song, XU Lian-Fang, ZHANG Ming-Yang
2006, 14(4): 226-230.
Abstract(1176) PDF(754)
Abstract:
The land use changes in Karst region of Southwest China lead to serious ecology problems.Huanjiang County located in Karst region in Northwestern Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of China is a typical environment-forced immigration county.In addition to it,the rapid growth of population makes notable changes in land use and,at the same time,causes serious environment troubles,such as the reclamation of arable land or grass land at unsuitable slope and altitude zone causes the vegetation degeneration,soil erosion,and land rocky desertification. According to the datum derived from Landsat TM/ETM images in 1988 and 1999,associating with 1∶250000 DEM and the field investigation, a discussion on how to suitably utilize land resource is put forward in this paper,accordingly dividing Huanjiang County into three zones,namely collective utilization zone,moderate utilization zone and protection zone.
Analysis on land-use pattern in Buerhatong River basin
WANG Cheng, GUO Zhong-Ling
2006, 14(4): 231-234.
Abstract(1189) PDF(769)
Abstract:
The principles and the theory of landscape ecology were used to comprehensively study the landscape patterns of the headstream,the river valley of middle-down reaches and the Chaoyang branch of Buerhatong River.The results show that the forest land area is the biggest and occupies 64.9% of the total area,dry famland 19.7%,paddy field 3.6%,lawn 3.3%,town and residential area 2.3%，wetland(including river,reservoir and swamp) 0.7%.The number of dry farmland patches is the greatest,the area of forest land patches is the largest in average,and the variant coefficient of the patch areas is the biggest.Forested land occupies a most proportion in forest land.The proportion of forest land reduces obviously from the upper reaches to the middle-down area,among these changes the proportion of forested land area reduces by 30% rapidly,those of shrub,thin stocked land and other forest land increases by 8%.The farmland area in the middle-down reaches increases by 18% compared with that in upper reaches.The middle-down reaches is the most in the number of patches,the smallest in the mean patch size and the variant coefficient of patch size,the biggest in edge density,and relatively bigger in Shannons diversity index and Shannons evenness index.
Effect of anthropogenic disturbances on the temporal-spatial changes of landscape patterns at Taishan Mountain
GUO Luo, XIA Bei-Cheng, YU Shi-Xiao, GONG Chong-Feng
2006, 14(4): 235-239.
Abstract(1526) PDF(878)
Abstract:
Based on the Landsat TM images and field survey data,the changes of altitude variation of landscape diversity,landscape heterogeneity and landscape dynamics from 1986 to 2001 in eight anthropo-disturbed regions of Taishan Mountain were studied with the aids of 3S techniques.The results indicate that the ratio of landscape patches change caused by human disturbance in south region is higher than that in the north region.The change of landscape structure in south region is obvious during the past fifteen years,and little changes happen in the north region.The change of landscape diversity is mainly manifested in the high altitude (＞900m) of north region and the low altitude (＜900m) of south region.The results also indicate that the anthropogenic disturbance is the basic cause leading to the division of landscape patches.Landscape structure in the studied area has an obvious spatial-temporal variation characteristic.The change of landscape pattern characteristics is related to the intensity of anthropogenic disturbances.
Studies on the changes of land use and value of the ecosystem service in Hebei Province
WANG Yu, YIN Jun, YANG Min, LIU XiaoZhuang, LI Zhi-Wei
2006, 14(4): 240-243.
Abstract(913) PDF(796)
Abstract:
The land is the ecosystem carrier. Land use changes affect the ecosystem structures and functions, and cause the changes of ecosystem service values. The paper analyzes the changes of land use and ecosystem service values from 1993 to 2000 in Hebei Province. Results show that the cultivated land, water area, swamp and unused land are decreased, but fruit land, woodland, grassland and building land are increased. Ecosystem service values are remarkably decreased in Hebei Province in the period of 1993～2000. Ecosystem service values are decreased from 15.73116 billion US dollars in 1993 to 15.23503 billion US dollars in 2000. The decreasing rate of ecosystem service value is 3.15%.
Review and evaluation of typical modes of eco-agriculture development in Shandong Province
ZHENG Jun, SUN Xian -Zhi, SHI Jian-Min
2006, 14(4): 244-248.
Abstract(729) PDF(811)
Abstract:
Basic situation, benefit and evaluation of six representative eco-agriculture modes in Shandong Province, including the integrate mode of multiform domain, opening and compositing mode, economical structure mode, planting and raising mode of ecological greenhouse, jujube tree-crop interplanting mode, agriculture-fish eco-agriculture mode and industrialization eco-agriculture mode, are analyzed in this paper.
Studies on the ecological construction at countryside and its benefits in A'zhuodi
DAI Bo, LU Hui-Hui, ZHOU Hong
2006, 14(4): 249-252.
Abstract(1680) PDF(830)
Abstract:
Based on the main patterns of ecological construction project, the paper quantitatively analyzes the ecological, economic and social benefits of the project in A'zhuodi Village, Shilin County, Yunnan Province. Some suggestions are advanced from the view points of ecological environment construction, ecological industry construction and ecological culture construction. And the scientific guidance for the sustainable development of the village is put forward. The paper also provides a suitable pattern example of countryside ecological construction in minority nationalities mountainous and Karst area.
Effects of variety and fertilizer on the yield and the utilization of water and fertilizer of tartary buckwheat
LI Hong-Mei, SHAN Fang, BIAN Jun-Sheng, LIANG Xia, DENG Xiao-Yan
2006, 14(4): 253-255.
Abstract(1207) PDF(673)
Abstract:
Two-factor-split experiment was conducted to study the effects of variety and fertilizer on the yield and the utilization of water and fertilizer of tartary buckwheat (Fagopyru m tartaricum). The results show that the yield of “Heifeng”is higher than that of “Qianwei”, and the yield of these two varieties is significant higher than that of “Shouyanggray”. The yield of these three varieties is increased significantly by applying both manure and chemical fertilizers. The optimum combination for fertilizers is one part manure with one part chemical fertilizer. Fertilizer and water use efficiency of tartary buckwheat can be improved by planting the suitable variety and applying fertilizers rationally.
Effects of Cd on the cell membrance lipid peroxidation and activity of protecting enzymes in seedlings of rice with different tolerance to Cd pollutant
XIAO Mei-Xiu, LIN Wen-Xiong, CHEN Dong-Mei, LIANG Kang-Jing, KE Qing-Ming
2006, 14(4): 256-258.
Abstract(1097) PDF(985)
Abstract:
Effect of relative humidity on the antioxidative capacity of apple fruit peel under high temperature stress
LI Ying-Li, ZHANG Jian-Guang, FANG Zheng, LIU Yu-Fang
2006, 14(4): 259-260.
Abstract(888) PDF(738)
Abstract:
Biological control of wilt disease of cucumber by end ophytic bacteria E1～E4
MIAO Ze-Yan, LU Guo-Zhong, ZHAO Kui-Hua, LIU Chang-Yuan, LIANG Chun-Hao
2006, 14(4): 261-262.
Abstract(1185) PDF(708)
Abstract:

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