2007 Vol. 15, No. 5

  Previous Issue | Next Issue 
Display Method:
Grazing rate effect on major plant population niches in artificially mixed-sown alpine grassland
DONG Quan-Min, ZHAO Xin-Quan, MA Yu-Shou
2007, 15(5): 1-6.
Abstract(965) PDF(1021)
Abstract:
Dominance and polarizing rule of niche for twenty-two main plant populations in Elymus nutans/Puccinellia tenuiflora mixed-sown alpine grasslands with different stocking rates were studied. Results show that after three grazing seasons,Elymus nutans and Puccinellia tenuiflora are still the dominant plants in plots with different grazing rates, whereas sub-dominant and concomitant plants are highly variable if not vulnerable. Under ifferent grazing conditions, planted Elymus nutansplant is the competitive winner and restrains growth of Puccinellia tenuiflora due to its high height, deep and well-developed roots, hence widest niche breadth(0.956)，which closely followed by Puccinellia tenuiflora (0.821). Planted Elymus nutans and Puccinellia tenuiflora plants and invading Poa spp. have larger niche overlaps with other plants, except for Koeleria cristata, Festuca rubra, Anaphalis lacteal and among each other. There are also larger niche overlaps among Potentilla anserina, P. multifida and P.nivea; and Kobresia humilis, K. parva and Carex ivanavoe,which exhibit similar phenology. This indicates that larger niche overlaps exist among plant species with similar morphology and phenology, and between species with greater niche breadths over others.Species distributing in two extremities along stocking rate gradients show narrower niche overlaps.
Interspecific association of dominant tree populations in Phoebe bournei forest with disturbance
SU Xiao-Qin, LIN Si-Zu, HUANG Shi-De
2007, 15(5): 7-10.
Abstract(1048) PDF(922)
Abstract:
2×2 contingency table,χ2 test,percentage co-occurrence(JI),association coefficient (AC) and spot relation coefficient (PCC) methods were used to determine the interspecific association of dominant species populations in the arbor layer of Phoebe bournei forest in Fengtou Village,Dongping Town, Zhenghe County,Fujian Province. Sampling lots were of the following areas:100m2,200m2 and 400m2. Results show that interspecific associations of most species pairs have no obvious correlation. Among 105 species pairs in arbor layer, there are 7 with significantly positive association and the other 98 are somewhat insignificant. This implies that the species are mostly independently distributed. Compared with undisturbed species communities, disturbance influences interspecific relation to a certain degree. χ2 tests, together with 100m2 quadrates explicitly display the characteristics of associations among the dominant vegetation species.
Meteorological environment of brew grapes in edge-desert and their response to ecological environment
MA Xing-Xiang, WEI Yu-Guo, JIANG Ju-Fang
2007, 15(5): 11-16.
Abstract(1180) PDF(927)
Abstract:
Developmental procedures and corresponding meteorological environments of 7 brew grape cultivars (Meiluzhe, Pinlizhu,etc)in edge-desert were investigated. Results show that brew grape key fruit development period is from the first ten days of June to the first ten days of August and key sugar accumulation period is August.Important factors that affect grape sugar content include accumulated temperature,accumulated amplitude of diurnal temperature variation, and relative humidity. Analysis of soil water variation with time and soil depth indicates that grape average water consumption in the entire growth period is 423.2mm. Grape consumes the least water from budding to leaf growth, and the most water from blossom to maturity.From leaf growth to blossom and from maturity to leaf shedding,grape consumes similar amounts of water.Brew grapes in edge-desert consume less water than other crops and bring more benefits by increasing farmers’income without reducing cropland area.
Occurrence of frost temperature in Huanghuai wheat production zone after winter wheat elongation
ZHONG Xiu-Li, WANG Dao-Long, ZHAO Peng, YAN Xu-Yu, SU Chang-Hong
2007, 15(5): 17-20.
Abstract(954) PDF(1028)
Abstract:
Data on minimum day air temperature after wheat elongation was collected over a period of 20 years from 37 agro-meteorological observation stations in Huanghuai wheat production zone and the environs. Using the data, cumulative occurrence probability of temperatures lower than 0℃(G＜0℃)and -1.4℃(G＜-1.4℃) were statistically analyzed. Results indicate variations in G＜0℃and G＜-1.4℃ with time are well described by exponential functions. Variations in area of b value, function characteristic parameter,and approximate termination dates of air temperatures lower than 0℃ and -1.4℃ were also analyzed. Based on the occurrence probability of low temperatures and spatio-temporal variations in wheat elongation time, potential areas of frequent frost occurrence were delineated. Finally, application of b value in frost prevention strategies was discussed.
Relationship between humidity,temperature and bisexual flower ratio of Kate mango
OU Shi-Jin, ZHU Jian-Hua, PENG Hong-Xiang, HUANG Tai-Ming, HE Quan-Guang, XU Ning, HE Xin-Hua
2007, 15(5): 21-25.
Abstract(934) PDF(863)
Abstract:
To determine the relationship between the percentage of bisexual flowers and humidity-temperature factors and to provide a theoretical base for the regulation of flower sexual differentiation and blossom period, a linear correlation between bisexual flower rate of Kate mango and 55 humidity-temperature factors was established through statistical methods. Results show that Kate mango bisexual flower percentage is high and rises with temperature increase.The major differentiating anaphases of the floral organ are from 30 to 1 day before blossom. Bisexual flower percentage is influenced by daily average maximum temperature, daily average temperature, daily average minimum temperature, and daily accumulated temperature in the major differentiating anaphase of the floral organ. A positive linear correlation is found between bisexual flower percentage and daily average maximum temperature, daily average temperature, daily average minimum temperature, and accumulated daily temperature in 21～30 days, 11～15 days, and 1～5 days before blossom. A similar correlation exists between bisexual flower percentage and daily average temperature, daily average minimum temperature, and accumulated daily temperature in 6～10 days before blossom. A polynomial correlation is found between bisexual flower percentage with daily average maximum temperature, daily average temperature, daily average minimum temperature, and daily accumulate temperature in 16～20 days before blossom and daily average maximum temperature in 6～10 days before lossom,indicating that the bisexual flower percentage rises with temperature increase but decreases when temperatures go above a certain threshold. The daily average humidity in the entire differentiating anaphase influences bisexual flower percentage especially 11～20 days before blossom. Thus degeneration of the Kate mango small flower ovaries has a significant correlation with humidity-temperature conditions in differentiation,anaphase of floral organ and proper high humidity-temperature favors ovary growth and increase in bisexual flower rate.
Effects of regulated deficit irrigation on soil phosphorus nutrients in spring wheat field
ZHANG Bu-Chong
2007, 15(5): 26-29.
Abstract(856) PDF(884)
Abstract:
The dynamics of soil available phosphorus(SAP)and total phosphorus(STP)in spring wheat field after two years of regulated deficit irrigation(RDI) were studied in Hexi oasis irrigable region.The differences in soil phosphorus indexes at harvest between two experimental years were analyzed using Paired-Samples T Test (2-tailed),and the relationships between SAP,STP and the total irrigation water amount(IR) throughout wheat growing seasons,and between SAP and STP were also regressed. Results show that the soil phosphorus nutrients in spring wheat field are significantly affected by RDI, and the STP and SAP in 0～20cm and 0～40cm layers are positively linearly correlated with IR during wheat growing season, while SAP is linearly increased with STP increase. The relationships between SAP, STP and IR, and between SAP and STP in 0～20cm are similar to those in 0～40cm layers.
Effects of incorporating rice straw into the soil on soil nitrogen supply and rice yield under different irrigation systems
PENG Ying-Xiang, WANG Kai-Rong, PENG Na, XIE Xiao-Li, SHE Dong-Li, LIU Ying-Xin
2007, 15(5): 30-33.
Abstract(1105) PDF(847)
Abstract:
A 2-year field experiment was conducted to study the effects of rice straw incorporation into the soil on soil N supply and grain yield of rice under different irrigation systems. Results show that in early rice, late rice straw incorporation in last year increases soil NH+4-N irrespective of whichever irrigation system or nitrogen fertilization is adopted.In late rice, straw incorporation of the early rice adds NH+4-N to the soil only with N supply. However, with straw incorporation and N omission, soil NH+4-N decreases under continuous flooding and increases under intermittent irrigation.Straw incorporation increases grain yield by 6.85% in early rice, 8.17% in later rice,9.18% with N supply and 5.83% with N omission. The development of greater number of panicles is the main reason for rice grain yield increase under straw incorporation. With straw incorporation,grain yield is highest under continuous flooding for early rice, while it is highest under intermittent irrigation for ate rice.
Effects of soil permeability on root growth and nitrogen utilization in rice
CHEN Hui-Zhe, ZHU De-Feng, LIN Xian-Qing, ZHANG Yu-Ping
2007, 15(5): 34-37.
Abstract(1473) PDF(1011)
Abstract:
The effects of soil permeability (0mm/d,10mm/d,20mm/d and 40mm/d) on root growth and nitrogen utilization in rice(IIYOU7954) was studied under pot experiment conditions. Results show the existence of a form of correlation in soil permeability and rice root growth. Appropriate soil water leakage can promote root growth and improve nitrogen utilization. At a permeability of 10mm/d, deep-root to total root number ratio is higher than the control at early growth stage, while white-root to total root number ratio is higher at flowering stage. Nitrogen recovery rate can attain 77.05%，outweighing that of the control. Grain yield is improved when rice is planted in soils with a leakage volume of 10mm/d. Grain yield, root growth and plant growth decrease if soil permeability exceeds 20mm/d. Appropriate volume of soil leakage improves the 1000-grain weight. However, the reverse effect is observed when soil permeability surpasses 20mm/d.
Effects of soil drought on root growth and physiological characteristics of winter wheat seedlings
SHAN Chang-Juan, LIANG Zong-Suo
2007, 15(5): 38-41.
Abstract(1053) PDF(1159)
Abstract:
Root growth and physiological characteristics of winter wheat under different drought conditions were studied in pot experiment.Results show that total root number,total root length,root volume,root dry weight,root water potential,root relative water content,root water loss velocity,and root activity decrease with decrease of soil water.On the other hand,root/shoot,root water saturate deficit,soluble sugar content,proline content,plasma membrane permeability,MDA content,SOD activity and POD activity increase with decrease of soil water.Thus drought-resistance of winter wheat seedlings increases by changing the biomass distribution,inner physiological characteristics,and increasing root weight ratio.
Impact of alternative methyl bromide technology on soil nutrient and microbial biomass carbon in tomato greenhouse
CHEN Yun-Feng, CAO Zhi-Ping, YU Yong-Li
2007, 15(5): 42-45.
Abstract(845) PDF(979)
Abstract:
Four alternative technologies to the use of methyl bromide with ordinary film(MB+PE), metham sodium with ordinary film(MS+PE), MB and MS dosage reduction by virtually impermeable films(VIF) and soil solarization in combination with selected biological control agents(SS+BCA), were chosen for application to an experimental site in Qingzhou, Shandong Province from 2001 to 2003. Soil nutrient indices and microbial biomass C were respectively investigated. Results for 2001～2002 show that soil pH, available P and K and cation exchange capacity(CEC) have no significant difference among the treatment plots. Methyl bromide fumigation measures under PE and VIF prompt release of NH+4-N. Soil microbial biomass C decreases after soil disinfection and has no significant difference among treatments with MB+PE, MB+VIF, MS+PE and MS+VIF. Results for 2002～2003，when organic fertilizers were applied, are similar to that for 2001～2002，except that SS+BCA promotes NH+4-N release and decreases microbial biomass C. In the two years of 2001～2003，microbial biomass C shows significant seasonal variation and application of organic fertilizer accelerates microbial biomass C turnover.
Influence of transparent film mulch, soil type and organic soil amendmenton on temperature of soil under solarization for root-knot nematode control
HOU Mao-Lin, LIU Xiao-Ying
2007, 15(5): 46-50.
Abstract(1036) PDF(954)
Abstract:
The effect of film mulch (double mulch, single mulch and no mulch), soil type(medium loam and sandy loam)and organic matter (with and without cow dung)on temperature of soil sterilized by solarization to control root-knot nematode was investigated. It is found that transparent polyethylene film mulch significantly boosts daily average soil temperature and daily maximum soil temperature at 10cm, 20cm and 30cm soil depths, daily average soil temperatures being above 40℃，38℃ and 36℃,and daily maximum soil temperatures above 43.3℃, 39.0℃ and 36.5℃, respectively. Film mulch also markedly extends high temperature duration and improves daily temperature difference. Cumulative temperatures over 35℃ lasts for more than 22.5h and daily temperature differences at 10cm, 20cm and 30cm soil depths are over 7.1℃, 2.6℃ and 0.8℃, respectively. Double film mulch is superior to single film mulch in terms of daily average soil temperature, daily maximum temperature, high temperature duration and daily temperature difference, especially at 10cm soil depth. With the exception of the 20cm soil profile, soil type exerts no influence on daily average soil temperature and daily maximum temperature at the 10cm and 30cm soil depths. Organic amendment with cow dung can significantly enhance daily average temperature within 20cm depth of soil by over 2℃. It is concluded that soil solarization with transparent film mulch and cow dung amendment is promising in increasing soil temperature to the extent needed to control Meloidogyne incognita population within 30cm soil depth in the study area.
Effects of different phosphate-dissolving groups of microorganism on soil nutrient and enzymatic activity in rape
HONG Jian-Ping, HAO Jing, BI Li-Zhi, XIE Ying-He, LIU Bing
2007, 15(5): 51-54.
Abstract(893) PDF(958)
Abstract:
A pot experiment was conducted in a completely randomized block design to study the effect of different phosphate-dissolving groups of microorganism on soil nutrient and enzymatic activity of rape in the north lime soil. Results indicate that all the phosphate-dissolving groups of microorganism can increase soil available nutrient and soil enzymatic activity in the different treatments in rape breeding period.By increasing the level of phosphorus, soil phosphatase activity drops. Soil phosphatase activity is higher with bacterial manure application than without bacterial manure. There are significant differences in urase activity in rape seedlings at different levels of phosphorus.
Characteristics of soil enzyme activities and their relationships with soil properties in southern Ningxia Loess hilly region
AN Shao-Shan, HUANG Yi-Mei, LIU Meng-Yun
2007, 15(5): 55-58.
Abstract(1652) PDF(1449)
Abstract:
The linkage between soil enzyme activities and soil properties was studied. Results show that soil organic matter has a significant relationship with soil total N, available P and available K as well as with soil enzyme activities. Soil enzyme activities are improved greatly with increase in soil organic matter due to their participatory role in the decomposition and transformation of organic matter.Urase and sucrase activities are significantly related to soil N, P, K contents. Sucras activity is especially strongly related to available K.From path analysis, the sequence of soil properties based on their direct effect on urase activity is: organic matter＞available K＞available N＞cation exchange capacity(CEC)＞total N＞available P＞physical clay＞pH,meaning that organic matter is the most important factor that affects urase activity and alkaline phosphatase and available K is the most important factor for sucrase activity.
Variability in soil moisture under five land use types in Karst hillslope territory
FU Wei, CHEN Hong-Song, WANG Ke-Lin
2007, 15(5): 59-62.
Abstract(828) PDF(948)
Abstract:
Hillslope soil moisture content in a typical Karst territory of Huanjiang County,Guangxi Autonomous Region was observed and gauged from four layers(0～5cm, 5～10cm, 10～15cm and 15～20cm) under five different land use types. Results show that in Karst Areas, soil moisture content is very much influenced by precipitation,with conspicuous moisture difference between rainy and drought seasons. Shrubbery has the capacity to enhance soil water conservation by a factor of a litter. At the incipient stage of eco-restoration,soil moisture under chestnut and pigeon pea is very much alike,being similar to that of bare soil. When under creeping vegetation,slope soil moisture condition improves at a factor equal to that of grassland. Comparison of soil moisture content in the different layers under the five land use types for three different seasons—rainy season,rain-drought transition season and drought season show superiority of shrubbery over the other vegetations in their capacity to conserve and distribute water in the soil layers. Therefore, in the Karst mountain area of Huanjiang County, it is possible to improve soil moisture condition by rational land use,especially through ecological restoration.
Effects of different manure management practices on soil carbon and basal respiration
HU Cheng, CAO Zhi-Ping, HU Chan-Juan, WANG Jin-Kai
2007, 15(5): 63-66.
Abstract(1358) PDF(1306)
Abstract:
A 7-year field experiment of different fertilizers EM compost(15t/hm2, 7.5t/hm2), EM chicken manure compost (15t/hm2, 7.5t/hm2), traditional compost(15t/hm2, 7.5t/hm2), chemical fertilizer(750kg/hm2 ammonium bicarbonate, 300kg/hm2 urea, 750kg/hm2 calcium super-phosphate)and control］was conducted to study the effects of different manure management practices on soil carbon content and basal respiration.Results show that soil dissolvable carbon, total organic carbon, microbial biomass carbon and basal respiration rates increase when the amount of applied organic manure increases.Applied chemical fertilizer slightly enhances soil dissolvable carbon, total organic carbon, microbial biomass carbon and basal respiration in a somewhat insignificant amount. Observed trend of soil organic carbon, microbial biomass carbon and basal respiration in the treatments is: control＜chemical fertilizer＜traditional compost＜EM compost. Soil microbial biomass carbon has a positive correlation with soil dissolvable carbon, total organic carbon and basal respiration rate. The trend of fertilization effect on soil microbial metabolic quotient is: control＞chemical fertilizer＞traditional compost＞EM compost. Soil microbial metabolic quotient has a negative correlation with soil dissolvable carbon, total organic carbon,microbial biomass carbon and basal respiration rate.
Risk potential of secondary soil salinization by repeated application of chicken and pigeon manure
YAO Li-Xian, LI Guo-Liang, HE Zhao-Huan, FU Chang-Ying
2007, 15(5): 67-72.
Abstract(1366) PDF(1607)
Abstract:
Six consecutive field trials of Brassica parachinensis were conducted to evaluate risk potential of secondary soil salinization by successive application of chicken and pigeon manure from intensive poultry farms. It is noted that soil total soluble salt (TSS) concentration rises from low to medium levels by fertilization after the third crop during the dry season.K+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, SO42- and Cl- markedly accumulate in the soil with increased salt concentrations, while, K+, Na+,SO42- and Cl- concentrations are elevated as chicken and pigeon manure application rates increase. Meanwhile, soil pH decreases by 0.04～0.19. After the sixth crop, there is an obvious reduction in soil TSS and Ca2+ concentration compared to their original levels before the trials, a phenomenon ascribed to leaching from heavy precipitation during the latter three crops. Nevertheless, K+，Na+，Mg2+，SO42- and Cl- continue to accumulate in the soil from chicken and pigeon manure application. Soil pH increases in the range of 0.04～0.31. Hence, secondary soil salinization probably occurs by successive poultry manure application,which is true even in south China. Heavy application at a time or repeated application of poultry manure from intensive poultry farms should be avoided in vegetable production to prevent secondary soil salinization.
Effect of fertilizer application mode on edaphon in black soil in Songnen Plain
YU Hong-Yan, WANG Hong-Yan, HAN Xiao-Ying, BAI Tao
2007, 15(5): 73-75.
Abstract(1096) PDF(841)
Abstract:
Field experiment was conducted to research the effect of manure and chemical fertilizer on the number of nitrogen transferrer edaphon(e.g.aerobic nitrogen-fixing bacteria, ammonifiers,nitrite bacteria and denitrifying bacteria) in black soil ecosystems.Results show that application of manure increase the number of aerobic nitrogen-fixing bacteria, ammonifiers and denitrifying bacteria, while chemical fertilizers reduce the number of aerobic nitrogen-fixing bacteria in black soils, increase the number of denitrifying bacteria.Otherwise combination of equally proportioned manure and chemical fertilizer promotes aerobic nitrogen-fixing bacteria, nitrite bacteria and denitrifying bacteria activities.
Effect of fertilization on soil ammonia volatilization in spring corn fields
LI Hong-Mei, GUAN Chun-Lin, ZHOU Huai-Ping, YANG Zhi-Ping, XIE Wen-Yan
2007, 15(5): 76-79.
Abstract(999) PDF(1056)
Abstract:
Aeration method was used to study the influence of different modes of fertilization on soil NH3 volatilization on corn farmlands. Results show that the combination of straw soil incorporation and deep autumn fertilization significantly decreases soil NH3 volatilization. Cumulative total NH3 volatilizations under different autumn fertilization treatments are between 5.37kg/hm2 and 6.92kg/hm2, accounting for 0.28% to 1.18% of applied N through fertilization.However, no significant difference is observed among treatments. Cumulative total soil NH3 volatilization in spring fertilization treatments is higher than that of autumn, and a significant difference is observed among spring treatments. Difference in NH3 volatilization between spring and autumn treatments is obvious. The least difference (2.65kg/hm2) is found between spring and autumn straw mulching and the highest difference(25.58kg/hm2) is found between spring and autumn straw soil incorporation. About 1.77%～17.06% higher NH3 volatilization occurs in spring.
Red-edge characteristics of winter wheat canopy spectra
DAI Hui, HU Chun-Sheng, CHENG Yi-Song
2007, 15(5): 80-83.
Abstract(1580) PDF(1041)
Abstract:
Winter wheat canopy spectral reflectance was field measured using spectrometer Field Spec at different nitrogen levels and time periods. Some red-edge parameters including wavelength (λred), amplitude (dλred) and red-edge apex area (∑dλ680～760)were analyzed for winter wheat leaf chlorophyll (CHL.T), leaf nitrogen content(N%), leaf area index(LAI), accumulated leaf nitrogen content(TN.D), etc. It is found that red-edge positions move to long wavebands till booting stage and then fall back to short bands after booting. A significant correlation is found between dλred and TN.D, CHL.T, and CHL.D. Similar relation exists between ∑dλ680～760 and N%. Red-edge parameters show strong correlation with LAI. It is thus concluded that some red-edge parameters form part of the best remote sensing descriptors.
Nutrition utilization rate of muskmelon in organic substrate culture under solar greenhouse
GAO Jun-Jie, YU Xian-Chang, JIAO Zi-Gao, WANG Chong-Qi, DONG Yu-Mei
2007, 15(5): 84-86.
Abstract(1140) PDF(947)
Abstract:
Muskmelon, soillessly cultured with organic substrate was used to study fertilization effect on yield, nutrient absorption and distribution, and utilization rates of N, P and K. Results indicate an obvious increase in yield and nutrient utilization rate of muskmelon. But nutrient utilization rate decreases once fertilization ratio approaches excessive levels. Muskmelon yield is highest in the second treatment where the amount of applied fertilizer is calculated by using the following equation:Fertilizer amount=(fertilizer for desired output-organic substrate nutrient content)/nutrient uptake ratio.
Organic acid metabolism in nectarine fruit development under protected cultivation
ZHAO Yong-Hong, LI Xian-Li, JIANG Ze-Sheng, WANG Chang-Jian, YANG Fu-Lin
2007, 15(5): 87-89.
Abstract(1468) PDF(1565)
Abstract:
Changes in organic acid contents and their relationship with relevant enzyme activities in nectarine fruits “Chaohongzhu” were studied. Results show that nectarine fruit total acid content hits a peak 49 days after full blossom and then gradually declines during later fruit development stages. Malic acid has similar change pattern as total acids, but citric acid gradually increases in content during fruit development with little reduction in the ripening stage of the fruit. Analysis on the activities of organic acids in relation to relevant enzymes shows no relation between citrate synthase activity (CS) and citric acid content. Increase in the activity of malic enzyme (ME) in the late period of nectarine fruit development accelerates degradation of malic acid in fruits. There is a significant correlation between malate dehydrogenase(MDH) activity and fruit malic acid content. This shows that nectarine fruit organic acid content can be reduced by MDH activity inhibition and enhancement of ME activity. This can equally increase the sugar to acid ratio of nectarine fruits.
Simulation of dynamic water transport in peach in different soil types in the Loess Plateau
GAO Zhao-Quan, ZHANG Xian-Chuan, ZHONG Xia, LI Tian-Hong
2007, 15(5): 90-93.
Abstract(1289) PDF(969)
Abstract:
Dynamic water transport in peach was simulated using curve of soil water characteristic for different soil types, stomatal conductance model, canopy transpiration model and RC model in the Loess Plateau. It is shown that normal transpiration duration and total water lose by peach in different soils are: medium loam＞light loam＞compact sand＞heavy loam with gradual drought spell. Medium loam has the highest water preserving capability in creeping drought conditions and heavy loam has the least effective water, while the maximum peach transpiration duration is in the medium loam. There are, however, no observable differences in medium loam, light loam and compact sand. Stomatal conductance, leaf water potential and organic water storage exibit fluctuant decreasing trend in creeping drought periods similar to that of soil water potential.
Change in growth and nutrition compostion of domesticated Allium mongolicum
LIU Shi-Zeng, JIANG Zhi-Rong, MA Quan-Lin, YAN Zi-Zhu, HE Fang-Yin
2007, 15(5): 94-97.
Abstract(1026) PDF(1135)
Abstract:
A 2-year experiment on domestication and cultivation of Allium mongolicum was conducted. Related climate was continuously monitored and nutrient components of wild and domesticated Allium mongolicum analyzed. The analytical results show that domesticated Allium mongolicum germinates during mid to late March when temperatures are higher than 2.35℃. It enters fast growth phase in mid April when temperatures are above 9.6℃ and bears flowers and fruits in July, August and September when temperatures are above 22℃ and the rains are heavy. Dormancy occurs in late November when temperatures fall below 0℃. Height and width growth are fastest from 0 to 8 days after cutting, with average height growth of 16cm per day. After 10 days, growth becomes very sluggish and almost stops after 15 days, followed by leaf withering after 20 days. Nutrient composition of domesticated Allium mongolicum is the same as that of the wild species, however, there is higher concentration of minerals, microelements and water, while ammonia acid, crude protein, crude fat and carotenoid decrease by 9%～23%.
Experimentation of Curcuma wenyujin in different soil conditions
HE Xun-Yang, CAO Jian-Hua, LU Mei-Gui
2007, 15(5): 98-101.
Abstract(1359) PDF(975)
Abstract:
The effect of different soil conditions on growth of C.wenyujin was studied. Results show that C.wenyujin has longer growth period and higher biomass in lime soil. Naphtha content distilled from rootstalks of C.wenyujin in lime soils is also higher in comparison with those in red soils. Lime soil has a stronger capacity of resisting negative effects owing to NH+4-N fertilizer.
Effect of high temperature on jasmonic acid (JA) concentration and antioxidation of Anthurium andraeanum seedling leaf
CAO Dong-Mei, WANG Yun-Shan, KANG Li-Fang, ZHANG Chao, LIU Chen-Bin
2007, 15(5): 102-104.
Abstract(1177) PDF(1100)
Abstract:
The effect of high temperature (30℃ and 38℃) on jasmonic acids (JAs) concentrations and antioxidation of Anthurium andraeanum seedling leaf was studied. JAs concentrations in the leaves are initially drastically enhanced at a temperature of 38℃ for a period of 6h, after that they decline but still remain higher than the control. The trend of change of JAs concentrations at 30℃ is the same as that at 38℃, but however, reaches peak concentration in 12h. The activities of antioxidant enzymes, including peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) are heighten to a certain level and O-2 content decreases initially, but then increases in the latter phase. Thus high temperature treatments can induce thermo-tolerance through enhancement of JAs concentrations and activities of antioxidative enzymes.
Effect of exogenous nitric oxide donor on plasmalemma H+—ATPase and antioxidative enzyme activities of pear infected by Pnysalosproa piricola Nose.
LIU Zhao-Long, ZHANG Shao-Ling, SUN Yi-Lin, QIAO Yong-Jin
2007, 15(5): 105-107.
Abstract(1162) PDF(842)
Abstract:
Pear leaves were treated by different densities of nitric oxide donor—SNP after its infection with Pnysalosproa piricola Nose for five days and the activities of plasmalemma H+—ATPase and antioxidative enzyme were investageted. Results show that diseased pear treatment with SNP at the density of 0.3mmol/L can raise H+—ATPase, APX, GPX and GR activities and reduce LOX activity, while 0.1mmol/L and 0.6mmol/L SNP have less apparent effects on pear toxicity mitigation. In the treatment group of SNP at a constant density, there are varying degrees of effect on infected pear with the prolongation of treatment time. SNP in a relatively low density can palliate pear toxicity after Pnyalosproa piricola Nose infection.
Effect of salt stress on growth and development of Bt transgenic cotton mutants and their parent cultivars
LI Wei-Qiang, YANG Yan-Min, LI Cun-Zhen, MAO Ren-Zhao, LIU Xiao-Jing
2007, 15(5): 108-111.
Abstract(1105) PDF(1287)
Abstract:
The growth and development of Bt transgenic cottons and their parent cultivars in different levels of salinity were studied in sand-culture. Results show that with increase in salt stress, leaf water potential, chlorophyll content, plant height, and dry matter accumulation of both Bt transgenic cottons and their parent cultivars decrease. Photosynthesis initially increases, but then decreases with increase in salt stress. Under constant salinity stress Bt transgenic cotton, “Bt321” and “Guokang 1”，responds stronger to salt stress than their parent cultivars,“Shiyuan321” and “Simian3”，as evident in leaf water potential, chlorophyll content, plant height, dry matter accumulation, and the like. However, in comparison with “CCRI30” and “CCRI16”, Bt transgenic cotton shows low tolerance to salinity.
Physiological and biochemical characteristics of leaf blade on different age branches of Lycium barbarum L. under salt stress
LIN Hai-Ming, ZHANG You-Fu, JIA Hui-Xian, XIAO Wen
2007, 15(5): 112-114.
Abstract(1271) PDF(1130)
Abstract:
Prawn adaptability to saline-alkali soda lakes of northeast China
YANG Fu-Yi, LI Xiu-Jun, ZHAO Chun-Sheng, CHEN Yuan
2007, 15(5): 115-119.
Abstract(1099) PDF(960)
Abstract:
Soda saline-alkali water was added into the water from desalinated prawn pond, to study the juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei adaptability to saline-alkali water. A one-way toxicity test and a live ability test of juvenile shrimp were carried out in saline-alkali soda lakes. Results show medium effect concentration (EC50) of alkalinity for juvenile shrimp in 24 hours to be 2.73mmol/L, medium lethal concentration (LC50) in 24hrs, 48hrs and 96hrs to be 12.40mmol/L, 11.24mmol/L and 10.49mmol/L respectively, and safe concentration (SC) to be 2.77mmol/L. When alkalinity is 5.37～14.66mmol/L, medium lethal pH (LpH50) in 24hrs, 48hrs, 72hrs and 96hrs of juvenile shrimp are 9.26～8.98，9.14～8.86，9.10～8.80 and 9.00～8.80 respectively, and safe pH (SpH) is 8.42～8.14. Juvenile shrimp can survive 4.8～9.2hrs in saline-alkali soda lakes at an alkalinity of 18.68～38.78mmol/L, salt content of 1.57～3.50g/L and pH level of 8.5～9.5. The adaptability of desalinated juvenile shrimp to alkalinity and pH is poorer than that of freshwater fishes and its comprehensive adaptive capacity to saline-alkali soda lakes of northeast China is lower too.
Physio-chemical mechanism of cadmium tolerance of Chinese cabbage (Brassica chinensis)
WANG Song-Liang, CHEN Xuan-Yang, CHEN Hui, CHEN Dong-Mei, WANG Feng-Ji, GAO Wen-Xia, ZHANG Zhi-Jian, WANG Jian-Ming
2007, 15(5): 120-124.
Abstract(1480) PDF(893)
Abstract:
Thirteen cabbage (Brassica chinensis) cultivars were cultured hydroponically with 50μmol/L cadmium to analyze their physio-chemical response to Cd stress.The results show some degree of inhibition on growth and physio-chemical metabolism in cabbage due to Cd stress regardless of Cd accumulation in shoots.There is always Cd tolerance effect though it varies with cultivar type. Through analysis of Cd tolerance index(TI) among the 13 selected cabbage cultivars, correlation coefficient between TI-P(TI based on plant dry matter accumulation) and TI-S(TI based on shoot growth) is noted to be more significant than that between TI-P and TI-R(TI based on root growth), implying that TI-S is a more appropriate criterion than TI-R in morphological evaluation of cabbage Cd tolerance. Meanwhile, proline and malondialdchyde(MDA) contents, and AsA-POD and SOD activities in tested cabbage shoots increase variously under Cd stress. In particular, the increases of proline content and SOD activity(under Cd stress) are correlated positively with TI-S, implying their feasibility as physio-chemical indices in Cd tolerance analyses.
Effect of La on corn seedling growth under Cd stress
LIU Bing, YANG Li, ZHOU Qing
2007, 15(5): 125-127.
Abstract(937) PDF(751)
Abstract:
Hydroponic culture experiment was conducted to study the effect of La on corn seedling growth under Cd stress. The results show inhibition of corn seedling growth by Cd stress.The height, root length,leaf area,shoot and root fresh weight and dry weight decrease remarkably under Cd stress. With increased Cd2+ concentration, damage to corn plant becomes serious. Application of 20mg/L La during the growing stage of corn seedling markedly alleviates Cd stress damage.
Systematic parameter analysis of main crop water use in Beijing metropolis
ZHENG Yu, CHEN Fu, ZHANG Hai-Lin, LI Yu-Yi, TANG Heng, KANG Jun
2007, 15(5): 128-131.
Abstract(826) PDF(920)
Abstract:
Based on field experiment and meteorological data, adequacy rate of rainfall for crop growth, coping capacity of rainfall with crop water requirement, water ecological adaptability and crop water use efficiency (WUE) were investigated. Farm household surveys and mathematical models were used to systemically analyze water consumption of main crops in Beijing metropolis. The results show that water ecological adaptability for the main corps in Beijing metropolis is in the following sequence: irrigated summer soybean＞irrigated spring soybean＞arid spring soybean＞arid spring millet＞irrigated summer corn＞irrigated spring corn＞arid spring corn＞arid potato＞arid alfalfa＞irrigated rice＞irrigated alfalfa＞irrigated winter wheat. WUE sequence is: irrigated alafalfa＞arid spring corn＞arid alfalfa＞irrigated spring corn＞arid spring millet＞arid spring soybean＞irrigated spring soybean.
Study on elevated-temperature planting technique in sweet and glutinous corn
WANG Zhan-Zhe, ZHAO Dian-Chen, WANG Gang
2007, 15(5): 132-134.
Abstract(1159) PDF(890)
Abstract:
The results of the experiment on the effects of elevated-temperature planting techniques on sweet and glutinous corn show that though the techniques of growing seedling under plastic film mulching or seedling transplant reduces corn yield in comparison with direct sowing, their economic benefits are 4.1%～37.2% greater than direct sowing due to a 6～31-day earlier harvesting.
Yield and yield component characteristics of three foxtail millet varieties at different planting densities
LIU Zheng-Li, CHENG Ru-Hong, ZHANG Feng-Lian, XIA Xue-Yan, SHI Zhi-Gang, ZHANG Yao-Hua
2007, 15(5): 135-138.
Abstract(1082) PDF(991)
Abstract:
Foxtail millet varieties were grouped into three based on their yield components in order to study their yield variations and component regularities at different planting densities. The following foxtail millet varieties were experimental materials:“Jigu 26” with yield dependency on both individual and community;“Nilizhuai”,“Liaonong 4” with yield dependency on only individual and “Yugu 5”,“Jigu 14” densely planted varieties with yield dependency on only community. Results show that varieties with individual yield dependency have both yield and yield components such as ear-bearing tiller percentage,single spike weight and single spike grain weight, and their spiking rate and fecundity are sensitive to planting density. For densely planted varieties,yields are sensitive to planting density while single spike weight and single spike grain weight are less sensitive, and ear-bearing tiller percentage and spiking rate are just insensitive. However,“Jigu 26” whose yield depends on both individual and community is insensitive to planting density, though ear-bearing tiller percentage and spiking rate are a bit sensitive, and single spike weight and single spike grain weight are completely sensitive. Single area spikes of all varieties are sensitive to planting density.Yield level of “Jigu 26” which has both individual and community dependency is obviously higher than the other varieties in best planting density condition. This implies that varieties with both individual and community yield dependency have better inherent adaptability, high and stable yield capacity and thus present future breeding direction.
Characteristics of nutrient accumulation and partitioning in yield formation process of different rice cultivars
LIN Rui-Yu, LIANG Yi-Yuan, CAI Bi-Qiong, CAI Xiang-Yang, XIAO Mei-Xiu, ZHENG Lu-Duan, LIN Wen-Xiong
2007, 15(5): 139-146.
Abstract(1122) PDF(1201)
Abstract:
N accumulation and distribution in three different rice cultivars:“Shanyou 63”(three-line hybrid rice),“Liangyou 2186”(two-line hybrid rice)and“IR 64”(traditional rice) were studied by determining the dynamics of N, P and K contents in different parts of the rice cultivars. Results show that nitrogen contents in the cultivars decline throughout the growing stages and nitrogen content in“Shanyou 63”is the highest among the three rice cultivars at the same developmental stages. The same trend is found for K content,except that a significant increase is observed in“Shanyou 63”at full heading stage. P contents in the three rice cultivars are almost the highest at full tillering stage. At full maturity, the order of accumulated nitrogen in the three rice cultivars(“Shanyou 63”,“Liangyou 2186”and“IR 64”) is 24.79g/m2, 15.14g/m2 and 14.42g/m2; that for phosphorus is 4.766g/m2, 3.306g/m2 and 3.678g/m2; and that for potassium is 2.439g/m2, 2.029g/m2 and 1.725g/m2 respectively. About 61.23% accumulated nitrogen in“Shanyou 63”is partitioned to grain, which is 17.97%,and 11.23% higher than those of “Liangyou 2186” and “IR 64” respectively. Similarly, 62.97% accumulated phosphorus in“Shanyou 63”, which is 6.41% and 9.63% higher than those of“Liangyou 2186”and “IR 64”is patitioned to grain; and 27.51% accumulated patassium, which is 3.00% and 2.39% lower than those of“Liangyou 2186” and “IR 64”, is partitioned to grain. Nitrogen requirement in “Shanyou 63”,“Liangyou 2186”and “IR 64” amounts to 31.33g/m2, 22.88g/m2 and 24.82 g/m2 at full development stage and required NPK ratios are 1∶0.192∶0.098，1∶0.219∶0.134 and 1∶0.255∶0.120 in that order. The lowest production efficiency of N, P and K among the three rice cultivars is in “Shanyou 63”. The production efficiencies of N, P and K are 37.25kg/kg N, 193.80kg/kg P and 378.80kg/kg K for“Shanyou 63”; 52.54kg/kg N, 240.38kg/kg P and 392.16kg/kg K for“Liangyou 2186”; 58.38kg/kg N, 228.83kg/kg P and 487.80kg/kg K for “IR64” respectively. In conclusion, the three-line hybrid rice “Shanyou 63” needs much more nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium supply; shows higher nutrient accumulation and partitioning to grains as major assimilate sink, which agrees with higher grain productivity than in “Liangyou 2186” and “IR 64”. However, further study is required on the use efficiency of N, P and K. This is key to realizing higher yield and nutrient efficiency in “Shanyou 63” under optimum nutrient supply.
Heterosis of restorer rice lines integrated with Cry1Ab gene and its effect on insect resistance
DAI Zheng-Yuan, LI Ai-Hong, ZHANG Hong-Xi, ZUO Shi-Min, SHU Qing-Yao
2007, 15(5): 147-150.
Abstract(1514) PDF(1348)
Abstract:
Selecting Cry1Ab gene-carrying rice germplasm “Kemingdao” as the insect-resistant donor,we transferred the target gene into two elite rice restorer lines“R6547”and “R818” through crossing and backcrossing. The hybrid combinations derived from two transgenic restorer lines show significant heterosis that do overcome the defects of undesirable agronomic traits and weak prophase development capabilities. Results of testing the Cry1Ab protein indicate that the target gene expresses strongly and provides good resistance to stripe stem borers (Chilo suppressalis) and leaf folders (Cnapha locrocis medinalis) in hybrid combinations.
Effect of power plant smoke on soil and crop
DONG Rong, FU Jia-Yuan
2007, 15(5): 151-155.
Abstract(1379) PDF(762)
Abstract:
The relative element contents of soil and crops affected by power plant smoke over long time and its influence on crop quality were studied through sampling of soil and corps in both polluted and non-polluted areas. Results show significant relationship between soil pH,total S and F contents and available S and F contents with SO2 pollution from power plant smoke. S and F accumulation is observed in polluted soils. S content in wheat leaves and grains and the thousand-grain weight, protein content and wheat starch content were also monitored.S content in wheat leaves and grains are positively related to SO2 pollution in the air. S accumulation is not observed in grains, but does exist in leaves. S content has a positive correlation with protein content,meaning that a slight SO2 increase in the air improves wheat quality.
Bioremediation of nutrient polluted animal culture ponds by seaweed Gracilaria lichenoides.
XU Yong-Jian, LU Kai-Hong, WEI Wei
2007, 15(5): 156-159.
Abstract(1264) PDF(1080)
Abstract:
Animal culture ponds of Penacus vannamei and Epinephelus awoara were studied for water quality remediation effects of seaweed G.lichenoides.Results show that G.lichenoides has an obvious purifying effect on in-pond inorganic nitrogen(IN) and inorganic phosphorus(IP).Lower concentrations of IN and IP and higher dissolved oxygen(DO) are observed in the pond with G.lichenoides,showing that the mixed culture of G. lichenoides with Penacus vannamei and/or Epinephelus awoara improves water quality of animal culture ponds.G.lichenoides has higher economic benefits,no secondary pollution effect and is easily managed,hence advantageous over water quality treatment with micro-algae.Ecological animal culture with G.lichenoides reduces in-pond chemical agents,improves yield and production quality and is an ecologically feasible approach to sustainable aquaculture and green seafood production.
Ecological treatment of organic wastewater by terraneous Ipomoea aquatica Forsk
MENG Chun, SHI Xian-Ai, CHEN Jian-Feng, KE Xiu-Xing, GUO Yang-Hao
2007, 15(5): 160-162.
Abstract(878) PDF(1137)
Abstract:
The effect of wastewater treatment by terraneous Ipomoea aquatica Forsk was studied.Ipomoea aquatica Forsk shows positive removal effect on organic nitrogen and COD.Under aerating conditions,Ipomoea aquatica Forsk can remove 90% or more COD when feeding COD concentration is 1300mg/L, with a maximum removal capacity of 10.56g/L·d when feeding COD concentration is 2600mg/L.Inorganic and organic nitrogen removal rate can reach,respectively 94% and 73% or more.Compared with Eichhornia crassipes Solms,Ipomoea aquatica Forsk has better acclimatization and is more efficient for biodegradation of piggery wastewaters.
Nutrient recycling efficiency of a two-chamber septage treatment system
XU Xiao-Feng, YANG Lin-Zhang, XU Hai, ZHOU Xiao-Ping
2007, 15(5): 163-166.
Abstract(1006) PDF(763)
Abstract:
A 2-chamber septage treatment system, composed of deposited pool and hydroponic pool, was designed. The treatment system is found to effectively purify septage. The treated septage containing lower N and P can be used of hydroponics of Lolium multiflorum, Oenanthe stolonifera Wall., Lactuca sativa L.var. angustana Irish., Polygonum iapathifolium, Brassica chinensis L., Lactuca sativa L. and Allium ascalonicum L. with less wastewater decomposing and high yield. The system is suitable for septage treatment even in winter. Thus this form of septage purification is an ecologically safe disposal technique and it is suitable for application in small towns. While purification potential of deposited pool is developed, this purification technique is found to be a lot more effective.
Phenolics metabolism in sweet potato infected by Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht.f.sp
QIU Yong-Xiang, KE Yu-Qin, DAI Hong-Jun, PAN Ting-Guo
2007, 15(5): 167-170.
Abstract(942) PDF(943)
Abstract:
Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht.f.sp.batatas(wollenw.) Snyd.and Hans is the most important disease in Fujian, which affects the yield and quality of sweet potato. The inoculating experiment on the disease fungi of the resistant and sensitive varieties was conducted to study the metabolic characters of phenolics, which include total phenolics,flavonoid,lignin,chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid in plants, and the activity of correlative enzyme of affected sweet potato and the relationship between phenolics and resistance of sweet potato. The results show that resistant ability is related to the accumulation rate and maintenance time of high concentration of phenolics. As the same time, the resistance would be increased with the increase of PAL activity.
Effect of mycorrhizal biodiversity on fine root mass of Cyclobalanopsis chungii and basidiocarp collection of Russula vinosa.
CHEN Yu-Hang, CHEN Zheng-Ming
2007, 15(5): 171-173.
Abstract(1139) PDF(1071)
Abstract:
The experiment on mycorrhizal inoculation in pure stand of Cyclobalanopsis chungii disturbed by intemperate mushroom collection was conducted to study the effects of mycorrhizal biodiversity on fine root mass of Cyclobalanopsis chungii and basidiocarp yield of Russula vinosa.Results show that mycorrhizal species found in the treatments surpasses the contrast by 11. Total basidiocapes of Russula vinosa are 11.25kg/hm2 higher and fine root mass in 0～100cm and 0～10cm soil core 3.35t/hm2，3.26t/hm2 higher than those of the control significantly. It is concluded that mycorrhizal biodiversity improves fine root mass and enhances the abundance and frequency of mycorrhizal basidiocarp.
Evaluation of rice-reed-fish model in salinized wetland of west Songnen Plain, China
LI Xiu-Jun, YANG Fu-Yi, LIU Xing-Tu
2007, 15(5): 174-177.
Abstract(848) PDF(1082)
Abstract:
With a total land area of 3.73 million hm2, 1 million hm2 of west Songnen Plain is a salinized wetland. This is a major factor inhibiting agricultural development in the region. Rice-reed-fish model was established in accordance with the characteristics of salinized wetlands in the plain. The model is developed to increase biological diversity and water and fertilizer use efficiencies through mutually beneficial linkages between rice,reed and fish farming. In the rice-reed-fish system,drainage from the rice field serves as irrigation source for planktons,and the planktons in turn serve as feed source for the fish. Then loamy earth on the lake bed is used as organic fertilizer for paddy rice cultivation. Ten years after establishment, soil salinity has reduced from 4.54g/kg to 2.98g/kg and soil organic matter content has increased from 16.43g/kg to 24.45g/kg in the rice paddy.An additional advantage is that the model parameters are flexible and can be adjusted to reflect the objectives of the system.
An ecological cost evaluation of agricultural irrigation water consumption in the water-deficient area of Huang-huai-hai Plain--A case study of Luancheng County,Hebei Province
SUI Peng, CHEN Su-Ying, CHEN Yuan-Quan, WANG Bin-Li, GAO Wang-Sheng
2007, 15(5): 178-181.
Abstract(995) PDF(977)
Abstract:
Ecological and economic costs of over-exploitation of groundwater was estimated by using a renew-expense method and a cost-substitute method. Results indicate that irrigation cost increases by 12.638 million Yuan because of falling groundwater level in Luancheng County, which is 1.2% of crop GDP in 2000. Cost of eliminating pollution brought about by falling groundwater level is 15.122 million Yuan, which is 1.4% of crop GDP in 2000. Average shadow value of groundwater over-exploitation is 79.876 million Yuan, which is 7.3% of crop GDP and 3.7% of agricultural GDP. Total economic benefit of crops drops to 170.479 million Yuan(calculated by GGDP)and 71.6% of the results are obtained by traditional calculation method.
Analyses of wheat yield potential by AEZ model on the basis of Chinese farming system zonation
CAI Cheng-Zhi, Harrij van Velthuizen, Guenther Fischer, Sylvia Prieler
2007, 15(5): 182-184.
Abstract(1304) PDF(1486)
Abstract:
Wheat yield potentials in 41 Chinese farming system sub-zones were calculated on the bases of AEZ model developed by FAO and IIASA in accordance with verified statistical data (1961 to 1997)on China.The distribution of maximum wheat yield potential was extrapolated on Chinese GIS map.Results show that maximum yield potential of wheat can be 2～3 folds its present levels,an invaluable discovery for high wheat yield breeding and cultivation in China.
Natural agricultural resources evaluation and agricultural development potentiality analysis in Panxi District
LIU Xing-Liang, SU Chun-Jiang, XU Yun, ZHANG Jin-Ying
2007, 15(5): 185-187.
Abstract(1265) PDF(1194)
Abstract:
Natural agriculture resources were appraised in Panxi District and agricultural development potentiality analyzed from four aspects —crop productive potentiality,animal husbandry development potentiality,biological resources development potentiality,and ecological agriculture and agricultural industrialization development potentiality.Results show that agricultural industrialization,ecological agriculture and biological resources need further development in order to accelerate agriculture development in Panxi District.
Spatial distribution and changes of ecological service value of land use in the southern suburb of Datong City
GUO Qing-Xia, CHEN Huan-Wei, ZHOU Xin
2007, 15(5): 187-192.
Abstract(1174) PDF(871)
Abstract:
Based on established equivalent weight factor of ecosystem service value of China,ecological service value of land use in the southern suburb of Datong City was estimated.The spatial distribution and changes of ecological service value of land use were analyzed using land use classification data from Landsat TM/ETM+ images for 1987 and 2002 and spatially imitating land use ecological service value within rectangular units by Fragstat and ENVI soft. Results show that positive ecological service value land use area outweighs that of the negative for both 1987 and 2002. Ecological service value land use quality of the plains is higher than that of the massifs in 1987,while it is higher for the massifs in 2002. Decreasing ecological service value land area is larger than increasing ecological service value land area in the plains from 1987 to 2002, while the opposite trend is the case in massifs and the entire southern suburb research area.On the whole, decreasing ecological service value land area in the plains is larger than that of the massifs, while increasing ecological service value land area in the plains is smaller than that of the massifs.
Correlation between land use pattern and regional ecological carrying capacity of Foshan City, Guangdong Province
GUO Lin, ZHANG Hao, WANG Xiang-Rong
2007, 15(5): 193-196.
Abstract(1011) PDF(921)
Abstract:
Land use/cover change(LUCC) is a heated research on global climate change.Based on land use data(1996 and 2002) and other related statistical data on Foshan,dynamic spatial-temporal analysis of LUCC was conducted using land use models,including land use degree,regional difference,etc.Factor analysis was then applied to quantitatively evaluate the regional ecological carrying capacity(RECC) of Foshan City. Correlations between land use patterns and RECC are revealed in the study.
Evaluation of the eco-environment quality and resources utilization in opencast coal mine area—A case study of Antaibao Opencast Mine of Pingshuo,Shanxi Province
MA Xiang-Ai, BAI Zhong-Ke, FENG Liang-Rui
2007, 15(5): 197-201.
Abstract(1225) PDF(1067)
Abstract:
Based on the influence factors of the opencast coal mine eco-environment and situation of resources utilization,taking Antaibao Opencast Coal Mine of Pingshuo as an example,the paper established the qualitative evaluation index system and comprehensively appraised the eco-environment quality and resources utilization of opencast mine by means of analytic hierarchy process(AHP)and fuzzy mathematics, etc. The result shows that the ecological environment and utilization of resources of mining area of Antaibao Opencast Mine has turned from Class 5 before 1995 to Class 4 in 2000, and to Class 2 in 2005. The future ideal state will be developed to Class 1. That means the ecological environmental quality of mine area and utilization of resources are being improved gradually.
Economic evaluation of sewage irrigated agricultural lands in the rural suburbs of Beijing.
YANG Zhi-Xin, ZHENG Da-Wei, FENG Sheng-Dong
2007, 15(5): 202-205.
Abstract(933) PDF(1124)
Abstract:
Environmental economic methods were used to evaluate the economic effect of sewage irrigation on suburban farms of Beijing. The results show that economic benefit of sewage irrigation in 2002 is 462 million RMB, a 9.3% increase in agricultural production value.Savings from polluted water processing and clean water consumption are in the highest proportions,49.7% and 27.6% respectively, and those from fertilizer and crop yield increase account for 18.1% and 3.1% of overall value increase. Total loss induced by sewage irrigation stands at 139 million RMB, constituting 2.8% increase in agricultural production in 2002, 46.5% of which is from crop yield drop, 2.2% from crop pollution,30.3% from soil pollution, 15.7% from health risk and 5.2% from groundwater pollution. The positive to negative value ratio of sewage irrigation is 3.3 and sewage irrigation direct benefit is about 1.7 times of total environmental loss. This implies that economic benefit from sewage irrigation is sustained at the expense of the environment.Thus much attention should be paid to such losses by relevant agencies,government or otherwise.
Behavior and environmental impact of soil dissolved organic matter
YANG Jia-Bo, ZENG Xi-Bai
2007, 15(5): 206-211.
Abstract(1006) PDF(1229)
Abstract:
Dissolved organic matter(DOM) is defined as organic matter that becomes absorbed in water. Irrespective of the fact that considerable disagreements remain on the character,composition and classification of DOM in terrene ecosystems, research has nonetheless proven that DOM is an active and important chemical component of natural systems.Once DOM enters the soil, chemical processes such as adsorption,desorption,transfer, transformation, etc. occur and consequently induce significant impact on the soil and environment. On the one hand, DOM combines with soil colloids to form organic-inorganic combos which sequentially improve soil quality. On the other hand, DOM aggregates with nutrients and metal ions and combines with original soil colloids, making them more easily releasable into soil solutions. Besides, DOM produces nutrient ions through decomposition and thus enhances soil fertility. These processes do not only result in nutrient leaching risk causing loss of soil nutrients and water eutrophication, but also enhance heavy metal eluviation by DOM activation effect on heavy metal ions in the soil and consequently exacerbate soil heavy metal toxicity. Therefore, DOM has increasingly become the research focus in the fields of agrology,environmental science,ecology, etc. in recent years due to its myraid effects on soil and the environment.
Edge effect application in agricultural production
HE Yan, ZHOU Qing
2007, 15(5): 212-214.
Abstract(1395) PDF(1290)
Abstract:
Since the term ‘edge effect’ came into being in 1933,research has since sharpened to the science,practice and scope of this field to cover a wider variety of agricultural productivity. This paper extends the connotation of edge effect and presents diverse applications of edge effect in agricultural production. The principle of edge effect applies to planting and animal cultivation agriculture,agricultural ecosystem diversification and comparative species resources exploitation.Until recently,research has revealed that edge effect has a far-reaching impact on the prevention and cure of crop diseases and insect pests.
Review on Taxus chinensis var.mairei tissue culture research
HE Kang, FAN Zheng-Qiu, LI Li, WANG Xiang-Rong
2007, 15(5): 215-218.
Abstract(1430) PDF(2270)
Abstract:
Progress on Taxus chinensis var.mairei tissue culture is reviewed in this paper. The paper discusses the effects of explants,culture medium,growth regulator, carbon resources, light condition and small molecular additive on the induction and multiplication of Taxus chinensis var.mairei callus in tissue culture and suggests optimal alternatives. Paclitaxe production is discussed from the view of cell secondary metabolism and application of bio-reactor to Taxus chinensis var.mairei cell suspension culture. Finally, the problems and development direction of Taxus chinensis var.mairei tissue culture research are advanced.
A test for the sensitivity of Populus deltoids Ⅰ-63×Ⅰ-69 to antibiotics
ZHENG Jin, KANG Wei, LIU Kai-Yu, PENG Jian-Xin, HONG Hua-Zhu
2007, 15(5): 219-220.
Abstract(787) PDF(846)
Abstract:

  冀ICP备05003362号-2

Address：286 Huaizhong Road, Shijiazhuang 050022, China

Tel：86-311-85818007E-mail：editor@sjziam.ac.cn

Supported by: Beijing Renhe Information Technology Co., Ltd.