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盐逆境对不同耐盐性小麦花后生理特性及产量的影响

陶荣荣 陆钰 于琪 马泉 丁永刚 钱进 丁锦峰 李春燕 朱新开 郭文善 朱敏

陶荣荣, 陆钰, 于琪, 马泉, 丁永刚, 钱进, 丁锦峰, 李春燕, 朱新开, 郭文善, 朱敏. 盐逆境对不同耐盐性小麦花后生理特性及产量的影响[J]. 中国生态农业学报 (中英文), 2023, 31(3): 428−437 doi: 10.12357/cjea.20220164
引用本文: 陶荣荣, 陆钰, 于琪, 马泉, 丁永刚, 钱进, 丁锦峰, 李春燕, 朱新开, 郭文善, 朱敏. 盐逆境对不同耐盐性小麦花后生理特性及产量的影响[J]. 中国生态农业学报 (中英文), 2023, 31(3): 428−437 doi: 10.12357/cjea.20220164
TAO R R, LU Y, YU Q, MA Q, DING Y G, QIAN J, DING J F, LI C Y, ZHU X K, GUO W S, ZHU M. Effects of salt stress on physiological characteristics and yield of different salt-tolerant wheat varieties[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2023, 31(3): 428−437 doi: 10.12357/cjea.20220164
Citation: TAO R R, LU Y, YU Q, MA Q, DING Y G, QIAN J, DING J F, LI C Y, ZHU X K, GUO W S, ZHU M. Effects of salt stress on physiological characteristics and yield of different salt-tolerant wheat varieties[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2023, 31(3): 428−437 doi: 10.12357/cjea.20220164

盐逆境对不同耐盐性小麦花后生理特性及产量的影响

doi: 10.12357/cjea.20220164
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(31901433)和江苏省研究生科研创新计划项目(KYCX21-3241)资助
详细信息
    作者简介:

    陶荣荣, 主要研究方向为小麦栽培与生理。E-mail: ap_peach@163.com

    通讯作者:

    郭文善, 主要研究方向为小麦栽培与生理, E-mail: guows@yzu.edu.cn

    朱敏, 主要研究方向为小麦栽培生理, E-mail: minzhu@yzu.edu.cn

  • 中图分类号: S512.1

Effects of salt stress on physiological characteristics and yield of different salt-tolerant wheat varieties

Funds: This study was supported by Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31901433) and Jiangsu Province Graduate Research and Innovation Program (KYCX21-3241).
More Information
  • 摘要: 为筛选耐盐高产小麦品种, 确定较为快捷有效的小麦耐盐鉴定指标, 本研究采用田间试验, 以前期筛选出的5个耐盐差异性显著的春性小麦品种(较耐盐品种: ‘宁麦21’ ‘扬麦20’ ‘扬辐麦4’; 盐敏感品种: ‘扬麦23’ ‘安农1124’)为材料, 在江苏大丰地区设置非盐逆境(S0, 播前土壤含盐量0.770±0.062 g∙kg−1)和盐逆境(S1, 播前土壤含盐量3.294±0.198 g∙kg−1)两个处理, 研究了盐胁迫对不同耐盐性小麦花后生理特性及产量的影响。结果表明, 在盐逆境下, 春小麦叶面积指数、干物质积累量及茎蘖数显著下降; 穗数、每穗粒数与千粒重也显著减少, 其中穗数降幅达60.7%, 为减产的主导因素; 其次是粒重的减少, 最终导致产量显著降低, 仅为非逆境条件下的26.2%。研究还发现, 在盐碱胁迫下, 花后SPAD值与叶绿素荧光Fv/Fm降低, 丙二醛与脯氨酸含量显著增加, 变化幅度在品种间存在差异, 耐盐品种的SPAD值及叶绿素荧光Fv/Fm的降幅与丙二醛的增幅较小, 但脯氨酸含量的增幅较大, 因而减产幅度较小。进一步分析表明, 叶绿素荧光Fv/Fm与穗数、千粒重及产量间呈显著正相关关系, SPAD值与干物质积累量呈显著正相关, 干物质积累量与穗数、千粒重及产量间呈显著正相关关系。这些结果表明盐胁迫通过降低叶绿素含量与叶绿素荧光Fv/Fm抑制小麦的光合作用, 减少光合产物的生成, 造成最终的减产。因此在小麦耐盐性田间鉴定中, 开花期SPAD值与叶绿素荧光Fv/Fm可作为耐盐性鉴定快捷可靠的指标。此外, ‘扬麦20’在盐碱地中减产幅度最小, 综合表现较好, 适合在大丰地区盐碱地种植。
  • 表  1  小麦不同生育期不同处理试验田土壤盐分变化动态

    Table  1.   Soil salt contents of different treaments fields at different growth stages of wheat

    处理
    Treatment
    全盐含量 Salt content (g·kg−1)
    播种
    Sowing
    苗期
    Seedling
    拔节期
    Jointing
    开花期
    Anthesis
    成熟期
    Maturity
    S00.770±0.0620.839±0.0500.998±0.0270.974±0.0910.832±0.098
    S13.294±0.1983.582±0.2673.889±0.6103.901±0.6923.646±0.532
      S0: 对照; S1: 盐逆境。S0: control; S1: salinity stress.
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  盐胁迫对不同耐盐性小麦品种产量及其构成因素的影响

    Table  2.   Effect of salt stress on yield and its components of wheat varieties with different salt tolerances

    品种
    Variety
    处理
    Treatment
    穗数
    Spikes (104·hm−2)
    每穗粒数
    Kernels per spike
    千粒重
    1000-grain weight (g)
    产量
    Yield (kg·hm−2)
    减产率
    Reduction rate vs. control (%)
    YFM4S0523±4b40.0±0.7b43.5±0.3c9000.2±198.5ab
    S1220±0e35.7±0.5c36.9±0.7f2760.6±18.8d69.3
    NM21S0492±0bc33.7±0.5d52.4±0.2a8382.1±301.3b
    S1225±4de30.1±0.1f42.3±0.3d2749.1±56.1d67.2
    AN1124S0662±59a33.2±1.1d45.5±0.1b9649.9±544.9a
    S1148±11f22.0±0.6g31.2±0.3h972.1±63.9e89.9
    YM20S0448±42c41.0±0.2b40.3±0.3e7317.6±93.5c
    S1271±4d31.6±0.3e37.5±0.5f3133.1±77.7d57.2
    YM23S0509±16b42.9±0.8a46.1±0.4b9978.6±740.9a
    S1171±1ef34.3±0.5d35.1±0.3g2019.1±73.3de79.8
    处理 Treatment (T)********
    品种 Variety (V)*****ns
    T×V*******
      NM21(宁麦21)、YM20(扬麦20)和YFM4(扬辐麦4)为相对耐盐品种, AN1124(安农1124)和YM23(扬麦23)是相对盐敏感品种。S0: 对照; S1: 盐逆境。同列不同字母表示不同品种和不同处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。*: P<0.05; **: P<0.01; ns: 不显著。NM21, YM20 and YFM4 are salt-tolerant varieties; AN1124, YM23 are salt-sensitive varieties. S0: control; S1: salinity stress. Different letters in the same column mean significant differences among different treatments of different varieties at P<0.05 level. *: P<0.05; **: P<0.01; ns: no significant differences.
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  盐胁迫下不同耐盐性小麦品种产量及构成通径分析

    Table  3.   Path analysis of yield and its’ components of wheat under salt stress

    自变量
    Independent variable
    与产量的相关系数
    Correlation coefficient
    通径系数
    (直接作用)
    Path factor
    (direct action)
    间接通径系数 (间接作用)
    Indirect path factor (indirect action)
    穗数
    Spikes
    穗粒数
    Kernels per spike
    千粒重
    1000-grain weight
    穗数 Spikes0.991**0.68110.3590.900*
    穗粒数 Kernels per spike0.5750.1560.35910.359
    千粒重 1000-grain weight0.971**0.2560.900*0.3591
      *: P<0.05; **: P<0.01.
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  盐胁迫对不同耐盐性小麦品种不同生育期茎蘖数的影响

    Table  4.   Effect of salt stress on stem and tiller number at different growth stages of wheat varieties with different salt tolerances

    品种
    Variety
    处理
    Treatment
    茎蘖数 Number of stem and tiller (104·hm−2)茎蘖成穗率
    Earing percentage of main
    stem and tillers (%)
    返青期
    Re-greening
    拔节期
    Jointing
    孕穗期
    Booting
    开花期
    Anthesis
    成熟期
    Maturity
    YFM4 S0 780±28c 986±57c 776±51c 560±62bc 523±4b 53.1±2.7ab
    S1 350±14e 594±27d 344±6d 244±17d 220±0de 37.0±8.1ef
    NM21 S0 930±58b 1094±19bc 828±28c 542±8c 492±0bc 45.0±0.8cde
    S1 348±40e 459±13e 338±3d 288±11d 225±4de 49.0±0.4abcd
    AN1124 S0 902±20b 1178±53b 900±53bc 670±99a 662±59a 56.2±2.5a
    S1 326±8e 477±13de 286±3d 236±11d 148±11f 31.0±3.2f
    YM20 S0 1220±60a 1418±57a 992±34a 546±3c 448±42c 31.6±1.7f
    S1 440±45d 594±0d 360±11d 318±20d 271±4d 45.6±0.7bcd
    YM23 S0 880±34b 1013±19c 874±14bc 636±6ab 509±16b 50.3±0.6abc
    平均 Average S1
    S0
    S1
    332±17e
    942.4
    359.2
    414±25e
    1137.3
    507.6
    298±8d
    874.0
    325.2
    278±3d
    590.8
    272.8
    171±1ef
    526.8
    207.0
    41.3±2.9de
    46.3
    40.8
    处理 Treatment (T) ** ** ** ** ** **
    品种 Variety (V) ** ** ns ns * *
    T×V ** ** ns * ** **
      NM21(宁麦21)、YM20(扬麦20)和YFM4(扬辐麦4)为相对耐盐品种, AN1124(安农1124)和YM23(扬麦23)是相对盐敏感品种。S0: 对照; S1: 盐逆境。不同字母表示同列不同处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。*: P<0.05; **: P<0.01; ns: 不显著。NM21, YM20 and YFM4 are salt-tolerant varieties; AN1124, YM23 are salt-sensitive varieties. S0: control; S1: salinity stress. Different lowercase letters in the same column mean significant differences among different treatments at P<0.05 level. *: P<0.05; **: P<0.01; ns: no significant differences.
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  5  盐胁迫对不同耐盐性小麦品种不同生育期叶面积指数的影响

    Table  5.   Effect of salt stress on leaf area index at different growth stages of wheat varieties with different salt tolerances

    品种
    Variety
    处理
    Treatment
    叶面积指数 Leaf area index
    返青期
    Re-greening
    拔节期
    Jointing
    孕穗期
    Booting
    开花期
    Anthesis
    YFM4 S0 1.10±0.02c 4.07±0.39c 5.44±0.61c 5.15±0.29a
    S1 0.45±0.01d 1.42±0.21d 1.49±0.08d 1.31±0.31b
    NM21 S0 1.39±0.11b 6.36±0.10a 7.29±0.11ab 4.58±0.17a
    S1 0.42±0.02d 1.60±0.01d 1.66±0.12d 1.55±0.13b
    AN1124 S0 1.77±0.09a 3.79±0.07c 6.77±1.38b 4.85±0.57a
    S1 0.37±0.01d 1.16±0.07d 1.32±0.1d 1.08±0.01b
    YM20 S0 1.99±0.08a 6.26±0.35a 8.09±0.17a 5.01±0.03a
    S1 0.64±0.09d 1.50±0.14d 1.55±0.29d 1.45±0.13b
    YM23

    平均 Average
    S0 1.83±0.35a 4.98±0.13b 6.58±0.02b 5.13±0.47a
    S1
    S0
    S1
    0.35±0.04d
    1.62
    0.45
    1.53±0.02d
    5.09
    1.44
    1.57±0.05d
    6.83
    1.52
    1.49±0.13b
    4.94
    1.38
    处理 Treatment (T) ** ** ** **
    品种 Variety (V) ** ** * ns
    T×V ** ** * ns
      NM21(宁麦21)、YM20(扬麦20)和YFM4(扬辐麦4)为相对耐盐品种, AN1124(安农1124)和YM23(扬麦23)是相对盐敏感品种。S0: 对照; S1: 盐逆境。不同字母表示同列不同处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。*: P<0.05; **: P<0.01; ns: 不显著。NM21, YM20 and YFM4 are salt-tolerant varieties; AN1124, YM23 are salt-sensitive varieties. S0: control; S1: salinity stress. Different lowercase letters in the same column mean significant differences among different treatments at P<0.05 level. *: P<0.05; **: P<0.01; ns: no significant differences.
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  6  盐胁迫对不同耐盐性小麦品种不同生育期干物质积累的影响

    Table  6.   Effect of salt stress on dry matter accumulation at different growth stages of wheat varieties with different salt tolerances

    品种
    Variety
    处理
    Treatment
    干物质积累量 Dry matter accumulation (kg∙hm−2)
    返青期
    Re-greening
    拔节期
    Jointing
    孕穗期
    Booting
    开花期
    Anthesis
    成熟期
    Maturity
    YFM4 S0 674.8±76.3c 4184.7±459.4d 5704.9±437.9c 12 502.3±2694.4ab 15 679.9±4084.1bc
    S1 300.7±7.0d 2457.0±141.8e 2770.3±411.2d 5839.9±722.7c 6578.0±62.2d
    NM21 S0 864.7±146.5b 5332.0±503.3b 6507.8±975.2c 11 436.4±1263.7ab 16 383.6±1878.6bc
    S1 278.0±32.2d 2468.3±18.8e 2833.1±128.5d 5616.5±565.3c 5169.0±538.8d
    AN1124 S0 1257.8±57.9a 4545.3±3.2cd 8884.5±691.2b 14 440.1±1505.0a 23 087.2±4175.9a
    S1 287.7±7.1 d 2185.2±300.4e 2238.6±65.3d 5399.3±216.9c 3701.8±249.2d
    YM20 S0 1116.4±90.2a 6109.3±295.2a 7630.7±160.8bc 9862.3±650.0b 13 161.8±835.0c
    S1 339.3±11.1d 2087.9±303.8e 2334.6±601.6d 5689.5±261.6c 5360.4±605.8d
    YM23 S0 812.0±53.4bc 4993.4±389.6bc 11 232.0±138.1a 11 447.6±123.9ab 18 107.2±310.0b
    平均 Average S1
    S0
    S1
    226.5±52.3d
    945.2
    286.4
    2488.8±61.6e
    5032.9
    2337.5
    2526.1±188.3d
    7992.0
    2540.6
    5501.8±2.8c
    11 937.8
    5609.4
    3171.0±227.7d
    17 283.9
    4796.0
    处理 Treatment (T) ** ** ** ** **
    品种 Variety (V) ** * * ns ns
    T×V ** ** * ns *
      NM21(宁麦21)、YM20(扬麦20)和YFM4(扬辐麦4)为相对耐盐品种, AN1124(安农1124)和YM23(扬麦23)是相对盐敏感品种。S0: 对照; S1: 盐逆境。不同字母表示同列不同处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。*: P<0.05; **: P<0.01; ns: 不显著。NM21, YM20 and YFM4 are salt-tolerant varieties; AN1124, YM23 are salt-sensitive varieties. S0: control; S1: salinity stress. Different lowercase letters in the same column mean significant differences among different treatments at P<0.05 level. *: P<0.05; **: P<0.01; ns: no significant differences.
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  7  盐胁迫对不同耐盐性小麦品种花后生理特性的影响

    Table  7.   Effect of salt stress on post-anthesis physiological characteristics of wheat varieties with different salt tolerances

    品种
    Variety
    处理
    Treatment
    SPAD Fv/Fm丙二醛含量
    Malondialdehyde content [nmol·g−1(FW)]
    脯氨酸含量
    Proline content [g∙g−1(FW)]
    开花期
    Anthesis
    乳熟期
    Milking
    开花期
    Anthesis
    乳熟期
    Milking
    开花期
    Anthesis
    乳熟期
    Milking
    开花期
    Anthesis
    乳熟期
    Milking
    YFM4S054.8±0.7ab56.6±0.5ab0.856±0.005a0.851±0.013abc15.07±0.89e19.43±0.26e106.73±21.71d63.15±0d
    S148.8±1.8d45.5±3.5c0.831±0.005ab0.826±0.013cd23.90±1.58a26.65±0.33c311.09±13.59c119.97±1.15b
    NM21S054.6±1.2ab56.1±1.4ab0.853±0.013a0.877±0.013a14.82±0.15e20.99±0.3de101.48±2.26d63.49±4.17d
    S149.9±4.1cd42.7±2.7c0.826±0.013ab0.814±0.013d21.10±1.32b31.51±0.38b1153.86±89.03a101.70±15.96c
    AN1124S053.6±1.1abc51.8±1.9b0.830±0.013ab0.841±0.007bcd18.47±0.54cd19.14±1.43e87.13±8.95d32.06±3.75e
    S143.9±1.8e44.5±0.8c0.711±0.013c0.819±0.007d26.02±1.26a39.40±0.29a498.89±20.59b96.82±1.11c
    YM20S053.5±2.2abc60.0±1.4a0.854±0.007a0.852±0.009abc15.16±0.33e20.21±0.55de71.48±11.23d43.33±2.96e
    S151.6±3.1bcd43.0±6.6c0.834±0.007ab0.848±0.009bc20.42±0.59bc33.42±2.21b502.82±2.84b172.13±16.33a
    YM23S056.0±3.1a58.0±0.2a0.854±0.009a0.856±0.009ab16.67±0.24de22.29±1.42d78.39±5.41d42.07±1.78e
    S152.8±0.7a-d45.5±2.1c0.761±0.009bc0.825±0.009cd24.53±1.94a33.54±1.55b308.48±5.93c74.98±0.54d
    处理 Treatment (T)****************
    品种 Variety (V)**ns*ns********
    T×Vnsnsns*ns******
    NM21(宁麦21)、YM20(扬麦20)和YFM4(扬辐麦4)为相对耐盐品种, AN1124(安农1124)和YM23(扬麦23)是相对盐敏感品种。S0: 对照; S1: 盐逆境。SPAD: 叶绿素相对含量; Fv/Fm: 叶绿素荧光参数; MDA: 丙二醛; Pro: 脯氨酸。不同字母表示同列不同处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。*: P<0.05; **: P<0.01; ns: 不显著。NM21, YM20 and YFM4 are salt-tolerant varieties; AN1124, YM23 are salt-sensitive varieties. S0: control; S1: salinity stress. SPAD: chlorophyll relative content; FV/FM: chlorophyll fluorescence; MDA: malondialdehyde; Pro: proline. Different lowercase letters in the same column mean significant differences among different treatments at P<0.05 level. *: P<0.05; **: P<0.01; ns: no significant differences.
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  8  盐胁迫下小麦产量及其构成因素与花后生理指标的相关性

    Table  8.   Correlation of wheat yield and its constituent factors with post-flowering physiological indicators under salt stress

    指标 IndexX1X2X3X4X5X6X7X8X9X10
    X11.000
    X20.991**1.000
    X30.5750.4871.000
    X40.971**0.900*0.4841.000
    X50.922*0.956*0.4340.916*1.000
    X60.5860.5950.6210.4050.6241.000
    X70.7460.7930.4510.7360.931*0.6841.000
    X80.952*0.902*0.7330.904*0.7750.5530.5811.000
    X9−0.148−0.2540.537−0.08−0.272−0.270−0.1880.0731.000
    X100.3280.3390.1660.1150.2230.7040.1140.330−0.6101.000
      X1: 产量; X2: 穗数; X3: 穗粒数; X4: 千粒重; X5: 干物质积累; X6: 叶面积指数; X7: 叶绿素相对含量(SPAD); X8: 叶绿素荧光Fv/Fm; X9: 丙二醛; X10: 脯氨酸。*: P<0.05; **: P<0.01. X1: yield; X2: spikes number; X3: kernels per spike; X4: 1000-grain weight; X5: dry matter accumulation; X6: leaf area index; X7: chlorophyll relative content (SPAD); X8: chlorophyll fluorescence Fv/Fm; X9: malondialdehyde; X10: proline.
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  • 收稿日期:  2022-03-07
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