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黄腐酸对咸水灌溉下番茄产量和品质的调控研究

陈佩 王金涛 董心亮 田柳 张雪佳 刘小京 孙宏勇

陈佩, 王金涛, 董心亮, 田柳, 张雪佳, 刘小京, 孙宏勇. 黄腐酸对咸水灌溉下番茄产量和品质的调控研究[J]. 中国生态农业学报 (中英文), 2023, 31(3): 1−11 doi: 10.12357/cjea.20220178
引用本文: 陈佩, 王金涛, 董心亮, 田柳, 张雪佳, 刘小京, 孙宏勇. 黄腐酸对咸水灌溉下番茄产量和品质的调控研究[J]. 中国生态农业学报 (中英文), 2023, 31(3): 1−11 doi: 10.12357/cjea.20220178
CHEN P, WANG J T, DONG X L, TIAN L, ZHANG X J, LIU X J, SUN H Y. Regulation of fulvic acid on tomato yield and quality under saline water irrigation[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2023, 31(3): 1−11 doi: 10.12357/cjea.20220178
Citation: CHEN P, WANG J T, DONG X L, TIAN L, ZHANG X J, LIU X J, SUN H Y. Regulation of fulvic acid on tomato yield and quality under saline water irrigation[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2023, 31(3): 1−11 doi: 10.12357/cjea.20220178

黄腐酸对咸水灌溉下番茄产量和品质的调控研究

doi: 10.12357/cjea.20220178
基金项目: 国家重点研发计划课题(2021YFD1900904)和中国科学院盐碱地资源高效利用工程实验室(KFJ-PTXM-017)资助
详细信息
    作者简介:

    陈佩, 主要研究方向为农田水盐运移过程及调控。E-mail: chenpei19@mails.ucas.ac.cn

    通讯作者:

    孙宏勇, 主要研究方向为农田水盐运移过程机理与调控。E-mail: hysun@sjziam.ac.cn

  • 中图分类号: S641.2

Regulation of fulvic acid on tomato yield and quality under saline water irrigation

Funds: This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Project (2021YFD1900904) and the CAS Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Saline Resources (KFJ-PTXM-017).
More Information
  • 摘要: 针对环渤海盐碱区淡水资源匮乏制约作物生长的问题, 依据区域咸水资源禀赋, 研究黄腐酸对咸水灌溉下番茄产量和品质的调控效应。采用基质栽培水肥一体化试验方法, 设置3个黄腐酸浓度水平: 0 mg·L−1、450 mg·L−1和900 mg·L−1; 5个咸水浓度水平: 1 g·L−1、3 g·L−1、5 g·L−1、7 g·L−1、9 g·L−1共15个处理。结果表明, 与不添加黄腐酸相比, 添加黄腐酸对不同浓度咸水灌溉下的番茄均有显著的增产效果(P<0.05), 添加450 mg·L−1、900 mg·L−1黄腐酸分别增产6.14%~21.08%和12.83%~34.63%。随着灌溉咸水浓度的增加, 番茄单果重、单株果实数目、耗水量、产量水分利用效率、果实维生素C和番茄红素含量显著下降, 果实还原性糖呈现先增加后下降的趋势; 施用450 mg·L−1和900 mg·L−1的黄腐酸均能提高咸水灌溉下番茄单果重、单株果实数目、耗水量、产量水分利用效率、果实维生素C、番茄红素、还原性糖含量。随着黄腐酸浓度的增加, 番茄叶片脯氨酸含量和K+/Na+显著增加, 丙二醛和Na+含量显著降低。单株产量和耗水量均与K+/Na+呈极显著正相关, 与脯氨酸量、丙二醛量、Na+含量呈极显著负相关; 番茄果实维生素C和番茄红素均与K+/Na+呈显著正相关, 与丙二醛量、Na+含量呈极显著负相关; 还原性糖与丙二醛量、Na+含量呈显著负相关。上述结果表明, 黄腐酸主要通过促进有机渗透调节物质脯氨酸积累、提高K+/Na+以及降低膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛的产生缓解咸水灌溉对番茄产量的抑制, 同时还能提高产量水分利用效率、果实维生素C、番茄红素和还原性糖含量, 改善番茄品质。
  • 图  1  黄腐酸对不同浓度咸水灌溉下番茄耗水量和产量水分利用效率的影响

    F0、F450、F900分别表示黄腐酸浓度(mg·L−1)为0、450、900; S1、S3、S5、S7和S9分别表示咸水浓度(g·L−1)为1、3、5、7和9。图中不同大、小写字母分别表示相同黄腐酸处理不同咸水浓度间、相同咸水浓度不同黄腐酸处理在P<0.05水平差异显著。

    Figure  1.  Effects of fulvic acid on water consumption and water use efficiency of tomato yield under different concentrations of saline water irrigation

    F0, F450, F900 show fulvic acid concentrations of 0, 450 and 900 mg·L−1, respectively. S1, S3, S5, S7, S9 indicate the concentration of salt water is 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 g·L−1, respectively. The capital and lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different salt water concentration treatments with the same fulvic acid and different fulvic acid treatments with the same salt water concentration, respectively, at P<0.05 level.

    图  2  黄腐酸对不同浓度咸水灌溉下番茄果实还原性糖、维生素C、番茄红素的影响

    F0、F450、F900分别表示黄腐酸浓度(mg·L−1)为0、450、900; S1、S3、S5、S7和S9分别表示咸水浓度(g·L−1)为1、3、5、7和9。图中不同大、小写字母分别表示相同黄腐酸处理不同咸水浓度间、相同咸水浓度不同黄腐酸处理在P<0.05水平差异显著。

    Figure  2.  Effect of fulvic acid on quality indexes of tomato under different concentrations of saline water irrigation

    F0, F450, F900 show fulvic acid concentrations of 0, 450 and 900 mg·L−1, respectively. S1, S3, S5, S7, S9 indicate the concentration of salt water is 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 g·L−1, respectively. The capital and lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different salt water concentration treatments with the same fulvic acid and different fulvic acid treatments with the same salt water concentration, respectively, at P<0.05 level.

    图  3  黄腐酸对不同浓度咸水灌溉下番茄叶片脯氨酸、丙二醛、Na+含量、K+/Na+的影响

    F0、F450、F900分别表示黄腐酸浓度(mg·L−1)为0、450、900; S1、S3、S5、S7和S9分别表示咸水浓度(g·L−1)为1、3、5、7和9。图中不同小写字母表示不同处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

    Figure  3.  Effects of fulvic acid application on proline, MDA, Na+ content and K+/Na+ of tomato leaves under different concentrations of saline water irrigation

    F0, F450, F900 show fulvic acid concentrations of 0, 450 and 900 mg·L−1, respectively. S1, S3, S5, S7, S9 indicate the concentration of salt water is 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 g·L−1, respectively. Different lowercase letters in the figure indicate significant differences among different treatments at P<0.05 level.

    表  1  不同浓度咸水的盐离子含量

    Table  1.   Saline ions concentrations in irrigation water with different salinities used for the experiment

    g·L−1 
    咸水浓度
    Salinity of salt water (g·L−1)
    HCO3ClSO42−Ca2+Mg2+K++Na+
    10.120.700.120.040.030.44
    30.121.910.120.040.031.20
    50.123.30.150.040.032.11
    70.124.250.150.040.032.71
    90.125.180.210.040.033.40
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  不同处理总灌溉量和灌水带入的盐和黄腐酸量

    Table  2.   Total irrigation amount and the equivalent solid salt amount and fulvic acid (FA) added to each pot

    黄腐酸浓度
    FA concentration (mg∙L−1)
    咸水浓度
    Salinity of salt water (g∙L−1)
    总灌溉量
    Total irrigation amount (mm)
    灌水带入盐量
    Salt amount added to each pot (g)
    灌水带入黄腐酸量
    FA added to each pot (g)
    01(CK)406.6745.140.00
    3413.33106.020.00
    5378.33162.020.00
    7346.67189.280.00
    9256.67172.870.00
    4501413.3345.8813.95
    3410.00105.1713.84
    5350.00149.8911.81
    7335.00182.9111.31
    9270.00181.859.11
    9001413.3345.8827.90
    3410.00105.1727.68
    5326.67139.9022.05
    7290.00158.3419.58
    9273.33184.0918.45
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  黄腐酸对不同浓度咸水灌溉下番茄单果重、单株果实个数和单株产量的影响

    Table  3.   Effects of fulvic acid on single fruit weight, fruit number per plant and yield per plant of tomato under different concentrations of saline water irrigation

    黄腐酸浓度
    Fulvic acid concentration (mg∙L−1)
    咸水浓度
    Salinity of salt water (g∙L−1)
    单果重
    Single fruit weight (g)
    单株果实个数
    Number of fruit per plant
    单株产量
    Yield per plant (g)
    0 1(CK) 57.87±6.80Aa 7.25±0.96Aa 414.84±17.59Ab
    3 44.82±4.28Ba 8.00±0.82Aa 355.93±2.72Bb
    5 36.78±2.42Ca 7.75±1.26Aa 284.39±46.44Ca
    7 31.65±2.14Ca 7.33±0.47Aa 232.00±20.32Ca
    9 23.23±5.16Da 5.50±1.29Bb 129.00±51.50Da
    450 1 60.76±10.10Aa 7.50±1.00Aa 453.29±86.33Aab
    3 48.03±4.04Ba 8.33±0.47Aa 399.77±34.29Aab
    5 37.88±3.38Ca 8.00±0.82Aa 301.86±27.47Ba
    7 33.86±3.24Ca 7.67±0.47Aa 259.11±23.44Ba
    9 25.70±3.36Da 6.00±0.82Bab 156.19±41.43Ca
    900 1 61.21±2.93Aa 7.75±1.50ABa 476.49±108.34Aa
    3 51.62±7.94Ba 8.50±0.58Aa 439.18±78.68Aa
    5 38.58±7.67Ca 8.25±0.50Aa 320.87±83.76Ba
    7 35.57±1.85Ca 7.67±0.47ABa 272.11±3.57Ba
    9 26.18±1.23Da 6.67±0.94Ba 173.67±15.95Ca
    显著性 Significance
    咸水 Salt water (S) ** ** **
    黄腐酸 Fulvic acid (F) NS * **
    S×F NS NS NS
      表中数据为平均值±标准误差, 同列不同大小写字母分别表示相同黄腐酸处理不同咸水浓度间、相同咸水浓度不同黄腐酸处理在P<0.05水平差异显著; *和**分别表示在P<0.05和P<0.01水平差异显著; NS表示无显著性差异。The data in the table is mean ± standard error. The capital and lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences among different salt water concentration treatments with the same fulvic acid and different fulvic acid treatments with the same salt water concentration, respectively, at P<0.05 level. * and ** represent significant differences at P<0.05 and P<0.01 levels, respectively. NS indicates no significant difference.
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  黄腐酸对不同浓度咸水灌溉下番茄叶片脯氨酸、丙二醛、Na+含量、K+/Na+的双因素方差分析

    Table  4.   two factor analysis of variance of fulvic acid on proline, malondialdehyde, Na+ content and K+/Na+ content of tomato leaves under different concentrations of salt water irrigation

    脯氨酸 Proline丙二醛 MalondialdehydeNa+K+/Na+
    咸水 Salt water (S)8745.63**5681.91**20 796.02**2533.45**
    黄腐酸 Fulvic acid (F)3688.22**8546.86**1159.20**296.84**
    S×F106.84**1257.70**163.99**87.64**
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  5  番茄产量、耗水、品质与生化指标的相关分析

    Table  5.   Correlation analysis of tomato yield, water consumption, quality and biochemical indexes

    指标 IndexYETWUEYRSVCLyProMDANa+K+/Na+
    Y 1.000
    ET0.993**1.000
    WUEY 0.982**0.967**1.000
    RS 0.632*0.641**0.706**1.000
    VC0.850**0.859**0.851**0.818**1.000
    Ly0.658**0.658**0.660**0.765**0.905**1.000
    Pro−0.770**−0.773**−0.723**−0.136−0.408−0.0911.000
    MDA−0.747**−0.780**−0.707**−0.615*−0.860**−0.828**0.3541.000
    Na+−0.958**−0.962**−0.916**−0.522*−0.793**−0.563*0.834**0.695**1.000
    K+/Na+0.896**0.897**0.814**0.3830.698**0.567*−0.739**−0.647**−0.896**1.000
      表中指标分别为番茄单株产量(Y)、耗水量(ET)、产量水分利用效率(WUEY)、还原性糖(RS)、维生素C (VC)、番茄红素(Ly)、脯氨酸(Pro)、丙二醛(MDA)、Na+、K+/Na+, *和**分别表示相关性达0.05和0.01显著水平。The indexes in the table were tomato yield per plant (Y), water consumption (ET), yield water use efficiency (WUEY), reducing sugar (RS), vitamin C (VC), lycopene (Ly), proline (Pro), malondialdehyde (MDA ), Na+、K+/Na+, * and **, indicating that the correlation reached 0.05 and 0.01 significant levels, respectively.
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2022-03-10
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