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农业技术效率对农业碳排放的影响

颜光耀 陈卫洪 钱海慧

颜光耀, 陈卫洪, 钱海慧. 农业技术效率对农业碳排放的影响−基于空间溢出效应与门槛效应分析[J]. 中国生态农业学报 (中英文), 2023, 31(2): 226−240 doi: 10.12357/cjea.20220571
引用本文: 颜光耀, 陈卫洪, 钱海慧. 农业技术效率对农业碳排放的影响−基于空间溢出效应与门槛效应分析[J]. 中国生态农业学报 (中英文), 2023, 31(2): 226−240 doi: 10.12357/cjea.20220571
YAN G Y, CHEN W H, QIAN H H. Effects of agricultural technical efficiency on agricultural carbon emission: Based on spatial spillover effect and threshold effect analysis[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2023, 31(2): 226−240 doi: 10.12357/cjea.20220571
Citation: YAN G Y, CHEN W H, QIAN H H. Effects of agricultural technical efficiency on agricultural carbon emission: Based on spatial spillover effect and threshold effect analysis[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2023, 31(2): 226−240 doi: 10.12357/cjea.20220571

农业技术效率对农业碳排放的影响基于空间溢出效应与门槛效应分析

doi: 10.12357/cjea.20220571
基金项目: 教育部新农科研究与改革实践项目“面向新农科的实践教育体系构建”、贵州省科技平台及人才团队计划项目(黔科合平台人才[2017]5647)和贵州大学人文社科研究一般项目(GDYB2021005)资助
详细信息
    作者简介:

    颜光耀, 研究方向为生态经济、农林经济管理。E-mail: 545332632@qq.com

    通讯作者:

    陈卫洪, 研究方向为农林经济理论与政策、气候变化与低碳经济和资源环境与区域发展。E-mail: 1565256754@qq.com

  • 中图分类号: F323.3

Effects of agricultural technical efficiency on agricultural carbon emission: Based on spatial spillover effect and threshold effect analysis

Funds: This study was supported by the New Agricultural Science Research and Reform Practice Project of Ministry of Education “Construction of Practical Education System for New Agricultural Science”, Guizhou Science and Technology Platform and Talent Team Plan Project (Guizhou Science and Technology Cooperation Platform Talent [2017] 5647), and Guizhou University Humanities and Social Sciences Research General Project (GDYB2021005).
More Information
  • 摘要: 农业技术是促进农业产业发展的根本力量, 探究其对农业碳排放的影响机制, 对实现我国“双碳”目标具有重要意义。本文基于2001—2020年我国31个省、直辖市和自治区(港澳台地区以外)的面板数据, 使用随机前沿模型对农业技术效率进行测算, 并对各地区农业碳排放总量与强度进行核算, 构建空间杜宾模型和以农业技术效率为门槛变量的门槛模型, 探究农业技术效率和农业碳排放的空间效应与非线性关系。结果表明: 全国农业碳排放总量与强度近年来呈下降趋势。中部地区农业碳排放总量高于东西部地区, 东部地区农业技术效率高于中西部地区, 而农业碳排放强度则低于中西部地区。农业碳排放强度与农业技术效率具有空间自相关性, 并表现为集聚特征, 集聚类型以高高聚聚和低低聚集为主。农业碳排放强度具有正向空间溢出效应, 而农业技术效率对农业碳排放强度则表现为负向空间溢出, 此外城镇化、人力资本水平和人均耕地面积对农业碳排放强度具有负向影响, 农业经济发展水平和农业受灾程度为正向影响。农业技术效率与农业碳排放强度存在双门槛效应, 当农业技术效率达到“拐点”后, 其对农业碳排放强度的影响转变为负向, 当进一步提升农业技术效率水平后, 其影响力会因边际效应递减而减弱。本研究为探索实现“双碳”目标的路径提供理论基础与政策依据。
  • 图  1  2001—2020年中国不同地区农业碳排放总量(a)和农业碳排放强度(b)

    Figure  1.  Total amount (a) and intensity (b) of agricultural carbon emissions in different regions of China from 2001 to 2020

    图  2  2001—2020年中国不同地区农业技术效率

    Figure  2.  Agricultural technical efficiencies in different regions of China from 2001 to 2020

    图  3  2020年农业碳排放强度(a)与农业技术效率(b) Moran’s I散点图

    1: 北京; 2: 天津; 3: 河北; 4: 山西; 5: 内蒙古; 6: 辽宁; 7: 吉林; 8: 黑龙江; 9: 上海; 10: 江苏; 11: 浙江; 12: 安徽; 13: 福建; 14: 江西; 15: 山东; 16: 河南; 17: 湖北; 18: 湖南; 19: 广东; 20: 广西; 21: 海南; 22: 重庆; 23: 四川; 24: 贵州; 25: 云南; 26: 西藏; 27: 陕西; 28: 甘肃; 29: 青海; 30: 宁夏; 31: 新疆。

    Figure  3.  Moran’s I scatter diagrams of agricultural carbon emission intensity and agricultural technical efficiency in 2020

    1: Beijing; 2: Tianjin; 3: Hebei; 4: Shanxi; 5: Inner Mongolia; 6: Liaoning; 7: Jilin; 8: Heilongjiang; 9: Shanghai; 10: Jiangsu; 11: Zhejiang; 12: Anhui; 13: Fujian; 14: Jiangxi; 15: Shandong; 16: Henan; 17: Hubei; 18: Hunan; 19: Guangdong; 20: Guangxi; 21: Hainan; 22: Chongqing; 23: Sichuan; 24: Guizhou; 25: Yunnan; 26: Tibet; 27: Shaanxi; 28: Gansu; 29: Qinghai; 30: Ningxia; 31: Xinjiang.

    表  1  各类农业碳排放源的碳排放系数及其来源

    Table  1.   Carbon emission coefficient of each carbon source of agriculture and its reference source

    碳源
    Carbon source
    计算方法
    Computational method
    碳排放系数
    Carbon emission coefficient
    数据参考来源
    Reference source
    化肥 Chemical fertilizer实际化肥投入量 Actual fertilizer input0.859 kg∙kg−1West, et al[28], ORNL[29]
    农药 Pesticide实际农药投入量 Actual pesticide inputs4.934 kg∙kg−1ORNL[29]
    柴油 Diesel农业机械消耗柴油量 Diesel fuel consumption by agricultural machinery0.593 kg∙kg−1IREEA
    农膜 Agricultural film农用塑料薄膜使用量 Amount of plastic film used for agriculture5.18 kg∙kg−1IPCC[30]
    农地翻耕 Agricultural land tilling农作物实际播种总面积 Actual total area sown of crops312.6 kg∙hm−2CAB[31]
    农业灌溉 Agricultural irrigation农作物实际灌溉面积 Actual irrigated area of crops20.476 kg∙hm−2RDRCH[5]
      ORNL: 美国橡树岭国家实验室; IREEA: 南京农业大学农业资源与生态环境研究所; IPCC: 政府间气候变化专门委员会; CAB: 中国农业大学农学与生物技术学院; RDRCH: 湖北农村发展研究中心。ORNL: Oak Ridge National Laboratory, USA; IREEA: Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University; IPCC: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change; CAB: College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University; RDRCH: Rural Development Research Center of Hubei.
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  农业碳排放研究相关变量说明及描述性统计

    Table  2.   Description and descriptive statistics of related variables of agricultural carbon emission research

    变量类型
    Type of
    variable
    指标名称
    Name of
    index
    变量符号
    Variable
    symbol
    测算方法
    Calculating
    method
    单位
    Unit
    均值
    Mean
    value
    标准差
    Standard
    deviation
    被解释变量
    Explained variable
    农业碳排放强度
    Carbon emission intensity
    of agriculture
    Carbon I农业碳排放/不变价格的种植业总产值
    Agricultural carbon emissions /
    gross plantation value at constant price
    t·(104 ¥)−10.510.28
    解释变量
    Explaining variable
    农业技术效率
    Agricultural technical
    efficiency
    ATE基于超越对数生产模型计算
    Based on translog production model
    0.190.10
    控制变量
    Control variable
    城镇化率
    Urbanization rate
    Urban城镇常住人口/常住总人口
    Permanent urban population /
    total permanent population
    %0.500.17
    农业经济发展水平
    Level of agricultural
    economic development
    Ey农业总产值/农业从业人员
    Total agricultural output value /
    agricultural employees
    ×104 ¥·capita−11.791.30
    人力资本水平
    Level of human capital
    Edu农村地区初中及其以上学历人数/
    农村地区6岁以上人数
    Number of people with junior high school
    education or above in rural areas / number
    of people over 6 years old in rural areas
    %0.050.01
    农业受灾程度
    Degree of agricultural
    damage
    Disaster受灾面积/农作物播种面积
    Affected area / crop sown area
    %0.220.16
    人均耕地面积
    Arable land per capita
    Area农作物播种面积/第一产业从业人数
    Crop sown area / number of
    workers in primary industry
    hm2·capita10.630.34
    样本时间
    Sample time
    Year年份(2001—2020年)
    Year (2001—2020)
    研究对象
    Object of study
    Province省份(31个省、直辖市、自治区)
    Provinces (31 provinces, cities, autonomous regions)

    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  2001—2020年农业碳排放强度和农业技术效率的全局Moran’s I指数及检验

    Table  3.   Moran’s I indexes and test of agricultural carbon emission intensity and agricultural technical efficiency from 2001 to 2020

    年份
    Year
    农业碳排放强度
    Agricultural carbon
    emission intensity
    年份
    Year
    农业技术效率
    Agricultural technical
    efficiency
    Moran’s IZPMoran’s IZP
    20010.2782.6360.00420010.3383.5620.000
    20020.2242.1960.01420020.3453.5920.000
    20030.2372.2870.01120030.3513.6190.000
    20040.2202.1510.01620040.3563.6430.000
    20050.1851.8400.03320050.3623.6650.000
    20060.1851.8660.03120060.3663.6840.000
    20070.2212.1310.01720070.3703.7010.000
    20080.1181.2670.10320080.3743.7170.000
    20090.1981.9710.02420090.3783.730.000
    20100.2082.0560.02020100.3813.7420.000
    20110.1951.9310.02720110.3843.7520.000
    20120.2112.0590.02020120.3863.7610.000
    20130.2031.9990.02320130.3893.7690.000
    20140.1771.8260.03420140.3913.7760.000
    20150.2292.2580.01220150.3933.7820.000
    20160.2492.4850.00620160.3943.7870.000
    20170.2772.6440.00420170.3963.7920.000
    20180.3313.1890.00120180.3973.7950.000
    20190.3203.1030.00120190.3993.7980.000
    20200.3683.5190.00020200.4003.8010.000
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  农业技术效率对农业碳排放强度空间面板回归模型的LM检验、LR检验、Wald检验和Hausman检验结果

    Table  4.   Results of LM test, LR test, Wald test and Hausman test of the spatial panel regression model of agricultural technical efficiency to agricultural carbon emission intensity

    检验类别
    Test category
    检验项目
    Inspection item
    W1W2W3
    LM检验 LM test LM(误差)检验 LM (error) test 431.232*** 426.437*** 64.628***
    稳健LM(误差)检验 Robust LM (error) test 300.825*** 370.055*** 50.390***
    LM(滞后)检验 LM (lag) test 134.108*** 77.351*** 15.260***
    稳健LM(滞后)检验 Robust LM (lag) test 3.701* 20.969*** 1.023
    LR检验 LR test SDM与SLM的卡方检验 SDM&SLM chi2 88.50*** 68.00*** 46.97***
    SDM与SEM的卡方检验 SDM&SEM chi2 64.73*** 44.35*** 49.50***
    Wald检验 Wald test SDM与SLM的卡方检验 SDM&SLM chi2 27.73*** 36.70*** 31.27***
    SDM与SEM的卡方检验 SDM&SEM chi2 24.76*** 21.59*** 18.58***
    Hausman检验 Hausman test 显著性卡方检验 Prob>=chi2 54.41*** 73.37*** 124.75***
    拟合度 R2 时间效应 Time 0.0750 0.4271 0.0271
    个体效应 Ind 0.8809 0.9098 0.8895
    混合效应 Both 0.7442 0.7408 0.7247
    模型选择 Model select 个体固定效应
    的SDM模型
    SDM model of individual
    fixed effects
    个体固定效应
    的SDM模型
    SDM model of individual
    fixed effects
    个体固定效应
    的SDM模型
    SDM model of individual
    fixed effects
      ***和*分别表示在1%和10%水平显著; W1、W2和W3分别代表邻接空间矩阵、地理距离矩阵和经济距离矩阵; LM检验、LR检验和Wald检验分别代表拉格朗日乘子检验、似然比检验和沃尔德检验; SLM、SEM和SDM分别代表空间滞后模型、空间误差模型和空间杜宾模型; Chi2为卡方检验。*** and * indicate significance at 1% and 10% levels, respectively. W1, W2 and W3 represent adjacency spatial matrix, geographical distance matrix and economic distance matrix, respectively. LM test, LR test and Wald test represent Lagrange multiplier test, likelihood ratio test and Wald test, respectively. SLM, SEM and SDM represent spatial lag model, spatial error model and spatial Durbin model, respectively. Chi2 is the chi-square test.
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  5  农业技术效率对农业碳排放强度的邻接空间矩阵空间杜宾模型回归结果及效应分解

    Table  5.   Regression results and effect decomposition of the adjacency space matrix spatial Durbin model of agricultural technical efficiency to agricultural carbon emission intensity

    变量
    Variable
    模型估计系数
    Main
    空间矩阵估计系数
    Wx
    空间自相关估计系数
    Spatial
    差异系数
    Variance
    直接效应
    Direct effect
    间接效应
    Indirect effect
    总效应
    Total effect
    ATE 6.203***(0.452) −7.081***(0.473) 5.529***(0.431) −7.747***(0521) −2.217***(0.393)
    Urban −0.361*** (0.107) 0.095(0.128) −0.390***(0.095) −0.282(0.188) −0.672***(0.176)
    Ey −0.036*** (0.008) 0.090***(0.012) −0.021**(0.008) 0.160***(0.025) 0.139***(0.029)
    Edu 0.473(1.138) −4.457***(1.529) −0.416(1.077) −9.736***(2.763) −10.151***(3.004)
    Disaster 0.079***(0.030) 0.049(0.050) 0.099***(0.030) 0.222**(1.103) 0.321***(0.113)
    Area 0.007***(0.002) −0.016***(0.004) 0.004*(0.002) −0.029***(0.008) −0.024***(0.009)
    rho 0.602***(0.034)
    sigma2_e 0.005***(0.0003)
      ***、**和*分别表示在1%、5%和10%水平显著; Main意为本地区解释变量对本地区被解释变量的影响程度系数β, Wx意为相邻地区解释变量对本地区被解释变量的影响程度系数θ, Spatial意为相邻地区的被解释变量对本地区被解释变量的影响系数ρ, Variance意为差异系数; 直接效应、间接效应与总效应分别表示利用偏微分法的无偏估计结果, 即本地区解释变量对本地区被解释变量的影响程度, 相邻地区解释变量对本地区被解释变量的影响程度和直接效应与间接效应的总和; ATE、Urban、Ey、Edu、Disaster、Area、rho和sigma2_e分别代表农业技术效率、城镇化率、农业经济发展水平、人力资本水平、农业受灾程度、人均耕地面积、空间自相关系数ρ和个体效应的特异误差; 括号内为标准差。***, ** and * indicate significance at 1%, 5% and 10% levels, respectively. Main means the coefficient β of the influence degree of the explanatory variables in the local region on the explained variables in the local region; Wx means the coefficient θ of the influence degree of the explanatory variables in neighboring regions on the explained variables in the local region; Spatial means the influence coefficient ρ of the explained variables in neighboring regions on the explained variables in the local region; and Variance means the difference coefficient. Direct effect, indirect effect and total effect respectively represent the unbiased estimation results using partial differential method, that is, the degree of influence of local explanatory variables on local explained variables, the degree of influence of neighboring explanatory variables on local explained variables and the sum of direct and indirect effects. ATE, Urban, Ey, Edu, Disaster, Area, rho and sigma2_e represent agricultural technical efficiency, urbanization rate, agricultural economic development level, human capital level, agricultural disaster degree, per capital cultivated land area, spatial autocorrelation coefficient ρ and individual effect specific error, respectively. Standard deviations are in parentheses.
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  6  农业技术效率对农业碳排放强度的地理距离矩阵空间杜宾模型回归结果及效应分解

    Table  6.   Geographical distance matrix spatial Durbin model regression results and effect decomposition of agricultural technical efficiency to agricultural carbon emission intensity

    变量
    Variable
    模型估计系数
    Main
    空间矩阵估计系数
    Wx
    空间自相关估计系数
    Spatial
    差异系数
    Variance
    直接效应
    Direct effect
    间接效应
    Indirect effect
    总效应
    Total effect
    ATE 7.110***(0.390) −7.914***(0.418) 6.672***(0.386) −9.018***(0.530) −2.346***(0.468)
    Urban −0.363***(0.096) 0.185(0.120) −0.374***(0.088) −0.143(0.199) −0.517***(0.185)
    Ey −0.040***(0.007) 0.075***(0.015) −0.032***(0.008) 0.139***(0.042) 0.107**(0.045)
    Edu 0.076(1.040) −3.762**(1.486) −0.468(0.995) −10.322***(3.365) −10.790***(3.579)
    Disaster 0.072***(0.027) 0.001(0.060) 0.079***(0.026) 0.133(0.154) 0.213(0.159)
    Area 0.009***(0.002) −0.005(0.056) 0.010***(0.023) 0.002(0.015) 0.011(0.017)
    rho 0.654***(0.037)
    sigma2_e 0.004***(0.0002)
      同表5注释。Note the same as in Table 5.
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  7  农业技术效率对农业碳排放强度的经济距离矩阵空间杜宾模型回归结果及效应分解

    Table  7.   Economic distance matrix spatial Durbin model regression results and effect decomposition of agricultural technical efficiency on agricultural carbon emission intensity

    变量
    Variable
    模型估计系数
    Main
    空间矩阵估计系数
    Wx
    空间自相关估计系数
    Spatial
    差异系数
    Variance
    直接效应
    Direct effect
    间接效应
    Indirect effect
    总效应
    Total effect
    ATE 6.393***(0.379) −7.741***(0.389) 5.837***(0.370) −8.755***(0.446) −2.918***(0.384)
    Urban −0.444***(0.093) 0.252**(0.126) −0.445***(0.085) 0.025(0.180) −0.420**(0.166)
    Ey −0.033***(0.008) 0.126***(0.016) −0.018**(0.008) 0.222***(0.031) 0.204***(0.033)
    Edu 3.181***(1.098) −10.768***(1.732) 1.943*(1.002) −18.431***(2.876) −16.488***(2.945)
    Disaster 0.102***(0.027) 0.028(0.054) 0.114***(0.028) 0.169(0.112) 0.282**(0.128)
    Area 0.010***(0.002) −0.018***(0.004) 0.008***(0.002) −0.027***(0.009) −0.019*(0.010)
    rho 0.537***(0.035)
    sigma2_e 0.005***(0.0003)
      同表5注释。Note the same in Table 5.
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  8  农业碳排放研究中变量的Pearson相关系数及VIF检验结果

    Table  8.   Pearson correlation coefficient and VIF test results of variables in the study of agricultural carbon emissions

    变量
    Variable
    UrbanEyEduDisasterArea
    Urban1.000
    Ey0.551***1.000
    Edu0.590***0.537***1.000
    Disaster−0.363***−0.446***−0.239***1.000
    Area0.285***0.399***0.296**−0.0301.000
    VIF2.662.352.051.351.26
      ***、**分别表示在1%、5%水平显著; Urban、Ey、Edu、Disaster、Area和VIF分别表示城镇化率、农业经济发展水平、人力资本水平、农业受灾程度、人均耕地面积和方差膨胀因子。***, ** indicate significance at 1%, 5% levels, respectively. Urban, Ey, Edu, Disaster, Area and VIF represent the urbanization rate, agricultural economic development level, human capital level, agricultural disaster degree, per capital cultivated land area and variance inflation factor.
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  9  农业碳排放研究中变量的单位根检验结果

    Table  9.   Results of unit root tests for variables in agricultural carbon emissions research

    变量 VariableHT检验 HT testIPS检验 IPS testLLC检验 LLC test平稳性 Stationarity
    StatisticPStatisticPStatisticP
    Carbon I0.56010.0045−4.93990.0000−6.64890.000平稳 Steady
    ATE0.9396*0.0000−29.90330.0000−3.10500.0010平稳 Steady
    Urban0.43860.0000−6.39960.0000−20.90000.000平稳 Steady
    Ey0.3116*0.0000−7.5412**0.0000−6.4405*0.0000平稳 Steady
    Edu0.13140.0000−7.54470.0000−5.70000.0000平稳 Steady
    Disaster−0.11560.0000−12.66520.0000−18.52070.0000平稳 Steady
    Area−0.0036*0.0000−5.8085*0.0000−13.7496*0.0000平稳 Steady
      *表示进行了一阶差分, **表示进行了二阶差分; HT检验、IPS检验、LLC检验分别表示Harris-Tzavalis检验、Im, Pesaran and Shin检验和Levin-Lin-Chu 检验; Carbon I、ATE、Urban、Ey、Edu、Disaster和Area分别代表农业碳排放强度、农业技术效率、城镇化率、农业经济发展水平、人力资本水平、农业受灾程度和人均耕地面积。* means the first difference, ** means the second difference. HT test, IPS test and LLC test represent Harris-Tzavalis test, Im, Pesaran and Shin test, and Levin-Lin-Chu test. Carbon I, ATE, Urban, Ey, Edu, Disaster and Area represent agricultural carbon emission intensity, agricultural technical efficiency, urbanization rate, agricultural economic development level, human capital level, agricultural disaster degree, and per capital cultivated land area, respectively.
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  10  农业碳排放研究中变量的协整检验结果

    Table  10.   Cointegration test results of the variables in the study of agricultural carbon emissions

    检验类别 Kind of inspectionStatisticP
    佩德罗尼检验 Pedroni testMPP test8.08590.0000
    PP test−4.52210.0000
    ADF test−3.16950.0008
    卡奥检验 Kao testMDF test−2.93340.0017
    DF test−4.44560.0000
    ADF test−3.81920.0001
    维斯特隆德检验 Westerlund testVR3.32570.0004
      MPP test、PP test、ADF test、MDF test、DF test和VR分别表示修正的菲利普斯-佩荣检验、菲利普斯-佩荣检验、增广迪基-富勒检验、修正的迪基-富勒检验、迪基-富勒检验和方差比。MPP test, PP test, ADF test, MDF test, DF test and VR represent Modified Phillips-Perron test, Phillips-Perron test, Augmented Dickey-Fuller test, Modified Dickey-Fuller test, Dickey-Fuller test and Variance ratio, respectively.
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  11  农业技术效率对农业碳排放强度的门槛效应检验结果

    Table  11.   Test results of threshold effect of agricultural technical efficiency on agricultural carbon emission intensity

    门槛检验 Threshold testF临界值 Critical value
    10%5%1%
    单一门槛 Single threshold197.94***46.558051.504365.6828
    双重门槛 Double threshold118.84***31.622635.466245.8873
    三重门槛 Triple threshold76.3981.796494.8090111.1802
      ***表示在1%水平显著。*** indicates significance at 1% level.
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  12  农业技术效率对农业碳排放强度的门槛模型回归估计结果

    Table  12.   Threshold model regression estimation results of agricultural technical efficiency on agricultural carbon emission intensity

    变量
    Variable
    系数估计值
    Coefficient
    estimation
    标准误
    Standard
    error
    Statistic
    Urban −0.480*** 0.074 −6.46
    Ey −0.011 0.009 −1.15
    Edu 0.369 1.008 0.37
    Disaster 0.1078*** 0.033 3.30
    Area −0.003 0.003 −1.28
    ATE (ATE≤0.0746) 0.496 0.309 1.61
    ATE (0.0746<ATE≤0.2590) −2.122*** 1.150 −14.16
    ATE (ATE>0.2590) −1.538*** 0.130 −11.84
    Constant 1.082*** 0.056 19.30
    Observations 620
    F-value 542.31
    R-squared 0.8819
      ***表示在1%水平显著; Urban、Ey、Edu、Disaster、Area和ATE分别代表城镇化率、农业经济发展水平、人力资本水平、农业受灾程度、人均耕地面积和农业技术效率。*** indicates significance at 1% level. Urban, Ey, Edu, Disaster, Area and ATE represent urbanization rate, agricultural economic development level, human capital level, agricultural disaster degree, per capita cultivated land area and agricultural technical efficiency, respectively.
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  13  农业技术效率门槛值及省份分布(2015年)

    Table  13.   Agricultural technical efficiency threshold and provincial distribution (2015)

    门槛值及区间
    Threshold value and interval
    省份
    Province
    低 Low (ATE≤0.0746)
    中等 Medium
    (0.0746<ATE≤0.2590)
    新疆、西藏、湖南、吉林、四川、河南、甘肃、重庆、陕西、黑龙江、湖北、广西、江西、
    云南、山西、贵州、青海、宁夏、安徽、内蒙古
    Xinjiang, Tibet, Hunan, Jilin, Sichuan, Henan, Gansu, Chongqing, Shaanxi, Heilongjiang, Hubei, Guangxi, Jiangxi,
    Yunnan, Shanxi, Guizhou, Qinghai, Ningxia, Anhui, Inner Mongolia
    高 High
    (ATE>0.2590)
    北京、上海 、浙江、天津 、福建、广东 、辽宁、海南、山东、河北 、江苏
    Beijing, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Tianjin, Fujian, Guangdong, Liaoning, Hainan, Shandong, Hebei, Jiangsu
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2022-07-24
  • 录用日期:  2022-09-14
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