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新型酸化方式对农业废弃物堆肥氮转化的影响

张陆 王宏戈 王惟帅 王选 郭伟婷 刘双 王红 马林

张陆, 王宏戈, 王惟帅, 王选, 郭伟婷, 刘双, 王红, 马林. 新型酸化方式对农业废弃物堆肥氮转化的影响[J]. 中国生态农业学报 (中英文), 2022, 30(0): 1−11 doi: 10.12357/cjea.20220746
引用本文: 张陆, 王宏戈, 王惟帅, 王选, 郭伟婷, 刘双, 王红, 马林. 新型酸化方式对农业废弃物堆肥氮转化的影响[J]. 中国生态农业学报 (中英文), 2022, 30(0): 1−11 doi: 10.12357/cjea.20220746
ZHANG L, WANG H G, WANG W S, WANG X, GUO W T, LIU S, WANG H, MA L. Effects of new acidification methods on nitrogen conversion during agricultural waste composting[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2022, 30(0): 1−11 doi: 10.12357/cjea.20220746
Citation: ZHANG L, WANG H G, WANG W S, WANG X, GUO W T, LIU S, WANG H, MA L. Effects of new acidification methods on nitrogen conversion during agricultural waste composting[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2022, 30(0): 1−11 doi: 10.12357/cjea.20220746

新型酸化方式对农业废弃物堆肥氮转化的影响

doi: 10.12357/cjea.20220746
基金项目: 河北省重点研发计划项目(20373806D)、中国科学院STS 项目(KFJ-STS-QYZD-160)、中国科学院青年创新促进会(2021095)、河北省现代农业产业技术体系奶牛产业创新团队项目(HBCT2018120206)、河北省现代农业产业技术体系蛋肉鸡产业创新团队项目(HBCT2018150209)
详细信息
    作者简介:

    张陆, 主要从事农业生态学研究。E-mail: 164192510@qq.com

    通讯作者:

    马林, 主要从事农业生态学和养分管理研究。E-mail: malin1979@sjziam.ac.cn

  • 中图分类号: X712

Effects of new acidification methods on nitrogen conversion during agricultural waste composting

Funds: This study was supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Hebei Province (20373806D), the STS Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (KFJ-STS-QYZD-160), the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences (2021095), Hebei Province Modern Agricultural Industrial Technology System Dairy Cow Industry Innovation Team Project (HBCT2018120206), and Hebei Province Modern Agricultural Industrial Technology System Egg broiler Industry Innovation Team Project (HBCT2018150209).
More Information
  • 摘要: 酸化是减少堆肥过程中氮素损失的有效手段, 而传统无机酸酸化具有成本高、二次污染严重等缺点, 探究新型酸化工艺对减少堆肥过程中的养分流失和环境污染具有重要意义。本研究以食品残渣(果渣、豆渣)为基质, 通过乳酸菌厌氧发酵制备了一种富含乳酸(70 mmol∙L−1)和乳酸菌(106 cfu∙mL−1)的酸性调理剂, 用于农业废弃物(猪粪、小麦秸秆)酸化堆肥试验,设置两种新型酸化方式处理: 添加30%酸性调理剂处理(MA)和添加3%酸性调理剂的厌氧自酸化处理(LA), 同时以不加酸处理(CK) 添加硫酸处理(SA)作为对照。通过分析堆肥过程中理化性质和氮素形态等变化发现, 3种酸化方式的堆肥产品均达到腐熟标准(发芽指数>80), 其中MA处理的腐熟程度最优(发芽指数=117.8%); MA、SA、LA处理的总氮损失较CK分别显著降低14.0%、25.6%、22.2% (P<0.05), 其中NH3挥发量较CK分别显著减少26.0%、36.5%、54.9% (P<0.05); 酸化处理提高了NH4+含量, 促进了硝化过程, 又间接增强了反硝化过程, MA、LA处理显著减少23.1%、69.4%的N2O排放(P<0.05), 而SA处理抑制了N2O的还原, 增加18.3%的N2O的排放; 同时MA、SA、LA处理总环境代价相较于CK分别显著降低34.5%、11.0%、55.9% (P<0.05), 且MA、LA每减少1 kg活性氮排放分别需要18.4元、0.9元, 远低于SA处理(91.26元)。综上所述, MA、LA处理可作为降低堆肥过程中氮损失的可行方法, 本研究为堆肥酸化保氮技术提供了理论依据。
  • 图  1  不同酸化方式下堆肥过程中的理化性质变化

    CK: 对照; MA: 添加酸性调理剂处理; SA: 添加硫酸处理; LA:添加乳酸菌的自我酸化处理。CK: control; MA: treatment with acid conditioner; SA: treatment with sulphuric acid; LA: self-acidification treatment with lactic acid bacteria.

    Figure  1.  Variation of physicochemical properties during composting under different acidification methods

    图  2  不同酸化方式下堆肥过程中的氮素形态的变化

    CK: 对照; MA: 添加酸性调理剂处理; SA: 添加硫酸处理; LA:添加乳酸菌的自我酸化处理。CK: control; MA: treatment with acid conditioner; SA: treatment with sulphuric acid; LA: self-acidification treatment with lactic acid bacteria.

    Figure  2.  Variation of N forms during composting under different acidification methods

    图  3  不同酸化方式下堆肥过程中的NH3与N2O的排放

    CK: 对照; MA: 添加酸性调理剂处理; SA: 添加硫酸处理; LA:添加乳酸菌的自我酸化处理。CK: control; MA: treatment with acid conditioner; SA: treatment with sulphuric acid; LA: self-acidification treatment with lactic acid bacteria.

    Figure  3.  Emission of NH3 and N2O in composting process under different acidification methods

    图  4  不同酸化处理方式堆肥过程不同氮素损失形式的占比变化

    CK: 对照; MA: 添加酸性调理剂处理; SA: 添加硫酸处理; LA:添加乳酸菌的自我酸化处理。CK: control; MA: treatment with acid conditioner; SA: treatment with sulphuric acid; LA: self-acidification treatment with lactic acid bacteria.

    Figure  4.  Variation in the proportion of different forms of nitrogen loss during composting under different acidification treatments

    图  5  不同酸化方式的环境代价与经济效益

    CK: 对照; MA: 添加酸性调理剂处理; SA: 添加硫酸处理; LA:添加乳酸菌的自我酸化处理。CK: control; MA: treatment with acid conditioner; SA: treatment with sulphuric acid; LA: self-acidification treatment with lactic acid bacteria.

    Figure  5.  Environmental impact and economic benefits of different acidification methods

    表  1  试验材料的理化性状

    Table  1.   Physical and chemical properties of experimental materials

    试验材料
    Materials
    含水率
    Moisture content/%
    有机质a
    Organic matter/%
    总氮a
    Total nitrogen/%
    NH4+含量a
    NH4+ content/( g·kg −1)
    pH值
    pH value
    电导率
    Electrical conductivity/
    (mS·cm −1 )
    猪粪
    Pig manure
    70.39±0.5844.10±0.522.90±0.0412.38±1.297.83±0.097.70±0.42
    小麦秸秆
    Chicken manure
    12.48±0.4989.09±0.280.54±0.030.28±0.057.48±0.053.82±0.07
    苹果渣
    Apple pomace
    82.81±0.5898.04±0.140.81±0.025.67±0.09
    豆渣
    Bean dregs
    79.95±4.1495.73±0.072.64±0.017.07±0.04
      “a”: 基于物料干重; “—”: 表示未检测。“a”: based on dry weight of material; “—”: not measured; (n=3).
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  酸化剂及活性氮气体(NH3、N2O)的环境代价

    Table  2.   Environmental burden of acidifiers and reactive nitrogen gases (NH3, N2O)

    影响类型
    Impact categories
    酸性调理剂
    Acid conditioner/kg
    硫酸
    Sulfuric acid/kg
    NH3/kgN2O/kg食品残渣处理
    Food residue disposal/kg
    人类健康 Human health62217467692015.8
    生态系统 Ecological system46.21119777.53.34
    资源 Resources2.710.43402.370.06
    总影响 Total impact671186874100019.2
      环境代价单位为mPt, 表示单位排放因子。The unit of environmental burden is mPt, indicating unit emission factor.
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  酸性剂制备经济成本

    Table  3.   Acid preparation economic cost

    yuan∙kg−1 
    酸试剂类型
    Acid type
    材料费
    Material cost
    电费
    Electricity cost
    人工费
    Labor cost
    总成本
    Total cost
    酸性调理剂
    Acid conditioner
    0.0030.0170.0170.036
    硫酸
    Sulfuric acid
    48.9
      硫酸为浓度98%的工业硫酸。Sulfuric acid is 98% industrial sulfuric acid.
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  酸性调理剂制备过程中酸度变化

    Table  4.   Experimental treatment and initial physicochemical properties

    时间
    Time (h)
    C(H+) (mol∙L−1)乳酸含量
    Lactic acid content
    ( mmol∙L−1)
    乳酸菌活菌数
    Lactic acid bacteria
    count (106 cfu∙mL−1)
    pH
    00.01±0.002.30±0.410.34±0.064.53±0.03
    120.04±0.0055.39±0.8224.00±5.893.56±0.04
    240.05±0.0162.39±1.2317.00±0.413.44±0.03
    480.08±0.0164.45±4.124.63±3.683.33±0.02
    720.09±0.0170.21±16.133.67±6.023.30±0.05
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2022-09-28
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