纳米硅对低温下番茄生长发育及碳水化合物积累的影响

郭树勋; 代泽敏; 杨然; 姬晨; 石玉; 张毅

doi:10.12357/cjea.20220773

纳米硅对低温下番茄生长发育及碳水化合物积累的影响

doi: 10.12357/cjea.20220773

山西农业大学园艺学院　太谷　030801

基金项目: 山西省研究生教育创新项目(2021Y324)、山西省重点研发计划重点项目(201903D211011-03)和山西省高等学校大学生创新创业训练计划项目(20220168)资助

详细信息

作者简介:
郭树勋, 研究方向为设施蔬菜栽培生理。E-mail: guoshuxunsxau@163.com

通讯作者:
张毅, 研究方向为设施园艺。E-mail: harmony1228@163.com

中图分类号: S641.2
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-10-06
- 录用日期: 2022-11-08
- 修回日期: 2022-11-08
- 网络出版日期: 2022-11-21

Effects of nano-Si on plant growth and carbohydrates accumulation of tomato under low temperature

College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China

Funds: This study was supported by the Shanxi Provincial Graduate Education Innovation Project (2021Y324), Shanxi Provincial Key Research and Development Program (201903D211011-03), and Shanxi Provincial College Students Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program (20220168).

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail: harmony1228@163.com

摘要

摘要: 为探究纳米硅对低温下番茄根系构型及碳水化合物积累的调控机制, 以番茄品种‘中杂9号’为材料, 通过基质盆栽试验, 研究了施用纳米硅对低温下番茄幼苗生物量、根系构型、光合能力以及非结构性碳水化合物含量的影响。结果表明: 1)低温下番茄幼苗生物量、总根长、根尖数、光合色素含量和净光合速率等显著下降(P<0.05), 可溶性糖、蔗糖和淀粉含量显著增加(P<0.05), 其中地上部鲜重、净光合速率和总根长分别降低48.60%、66.88%和65.49% (P<0.05)。2)施用纳米硅在常温和低温下均能显著提高番茄幼苗的生物量、根系活力、根尖数、分形维数、净光合速率和非结构性碳水化合物含量等, 其中低温下施用纳米硅番茄幼苗根分叉数、净光合速率和叶片可溶性糖含量分别提高35.25%、48.24%和75.69% (P<0.05)。由上可知, 低温严重制约了番茄的光合作用、根系的生长发育以及非结构性碳水化合物的积累, 根系构型参数偏向于不利于植物正常生长的方向变化, 施用纳米硅可通过促进光合色素合成、提高光合速率和根系活力、改善根系构型及提高非结构性碳水化合物积累来提高番茄抗冷性。
- 低温 /
- 番茄 /
- 纳米硅 /
- 根系构型 /
- 非结构性碳水化合物
Abstract: Low temperature is one of the main limiting factors of the development of facility agriculture in the North of China. Agricultural producers urgently need a cheap and convenient agronomic measure to improve tomato resistance to low temperature. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of nano-Si on root system architecture and the accumulation mechanism of non-structural carbohydrates at low temperature. We focused on the changes in root growth and development and non-structural carbohydrate accumulation patterns of tomato seedlings with the application of nano-Si at low temperature. In this study, the cultivated tomato ‘Zhongza 9’ by substrate cultivation was used as the test material, the effect of leaf spraying nano-Si (0 mg∙L⁻¹ and 100 mg∙L⁻¹) on tomato biomass, root system architecture, photosynthetic capacity and non-structural carbohydrate content was studied under room temperature(25 ℃/16 ℃, day/night) and low temperature(15 ℃/6 ℃, day/night). The results showed that: 1) At low temperature, the biomass, total root length, number of root tips, photosynthetic pigment content and net photosynthetic rate of tomato were significantly decreased(P<0.05), while the root activity, soluble sugar, sucrose and starch contents were significantly increased(P<0.05), and shoot fresh weight, net photosynthetic rate and total root length were decreased by 48.60%, 66.88% and 65.49%, respectively(P<0.05). 2) Application of nano-Si significantly increased tomato biomass, root activity, root tip number, fractal dimension, net photosynthetic rate and non-structural carbohydrate content at room temperature and low temperature(P<0.05), among which application of nano-Si at low temperature increased root tip number, net photosynthetic rate and leaf soluble sugar content by 35.25%, 48.24% and 75.69%, respectively(P<0.05). In conclusion, low temperature severely restricts photosynthesis, root growth, transport of non-structural carbohydrates in tomato leaves, and root system architecture parameters tend to change in directions that are not conducive to plant growth. The application of nano-Si could improve the cold resistance of tomato by promoting the synthesis of photosynthetic pigments, increasing photosynthetic rate, increasing root activity, improving root system architecture and increasing the synthesis of non-structural carbohydrates.
- Low temperature /
- Tomato /
- Nano-Si /
- Root system architecture /
- Non-structure carbohydrate

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表 1 各试验处理的温度和纳米硅溶液(NPs)喷施浓度

Table 1. Temperature and spray concentration of nano silicon solution (NPs) for each test treatment

处理 Treatment	昼/夜温度 Day/night temperature (℃)	纳米硅溶液浓度 Concentration of nano-Si solution (mg∙L⁻¹)
RT	25/16	0
RT+Si	25/16	100
LT	15/6	0
LT+Si	15/6	100

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表 2 纳米硅对低温下番茄生物量和根系活力的影响

Table 2. Effects of nano-Si on biomass and root activity of tomato seedlings under low temperature

处理 Treatment	地上部鲜重 Shoot fresh weight (g)	地上部干重 Shoot dry weight (g)	地下部鲜重 Root fresh weight (g)	地下部干重 Root dry weight (mg)	根系活力 Root activity (mg∙g⁻¹∙h⁻¹)
RT	12.10±0.36 b	1.11±0.02 b	3.67±0.32 b	239.00±12.00 b	0.97±0.03 d
RT+Si	13.79±0.38 a	1.33±0.02 a	4.48±0.36 a	316.30±7.02 a	1.48±0.09 c
LT	6.22±0.44 d	0.86±0.02 d	2.07±0.16 d	140.00±5.29 d	1.84±0.16 b
LT+Si	9.26±0.44 c	1.01±0.03 c	2.96±0.20 c	182.30±4.16 c	2.39±0.08 a
同列数据后不同小写字母示各处理差异显著(P<0.05)。Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences among treatments (P<0.05).

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表 3 纳米硅对低温下番茄根系基础指标的影响

Table 3. Effects of nano-Si on root basic indicators of greenhouse tomato under low temperature

处理 Treatment	总根长 Total root length (cm)	根表面积 Root surface area (cm²)	根平均直径 Mean root diameter(mm)	根体积 Root volume (cm³)	根组织密度 Root tissue density (cm·cm⁻³)	根长密度 Root length density (cm·g⁻³)	比根长 Specific root length ( cm·g⁻¹)
RT	1278.43±97.48 b	195.98±19.51 b	0.465±0.005 b	2.40±0.19 b	2.10±0.18 b	7.31±0.56 b	348.57±5.70 b
RT+Si	1650.88±78.59 a	264.08±2.59 a	0.532±0.004 a	3.51±0.04 a	2.56±0.21 a	9.43±0.45 a	369.46±12.83 a
LT	441.24±23.63 d	60.59±3.15 d	0.425±0.017 d	0.69±0.06 d	1.18±0.09 d	2.52±0.14 d	213.13±7.51 d
LT+Si	733.61±22.37 c	111.03±3.67 c	0.498±0.014 c	1.38±0.06 c	1.69±0.11 c	4.19±0.13 c	247.94±8.60 c
同列数据后不同小写字母示各处理差异显著(P<0.05)。 Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences among treatments (P<0.05).

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表 4 纳米硅对低温下番茄根系构型参数的影响

Table 4. Effects of nano-Si on root architecture parameters of tomato under low temperature

处理 Treatment	根分叉数 Root forks	根尖数 Root tips	内部链接数 Altitude	外部链接数 Magnitude	拓扑指数 Topological index	分形维数 Fractal dimension
RT	2830.00±65.64 b	8177.67±305.29 b	104.00±2.65 b	5413.67±53.26 b	0.5402±0.0030 d	1.526±0.010 b
RT+Si	3800.33±51.87 a	10585±312.60 a	145.67±3.51 a	6287.33±74.93 a	0.5695±0.0021 c	1.662±0.004 a
LT	1263.33±47.01 d	1703.67±112.90 d	63.67±2.08 d	1327.33±18.82 d	0.5776±0.0050 b	1.302±0.004 d
LT+Si	1708.67±98.08 c	3548±90.07 c	97.00±1.00 c	2300.33±48.79 c	0.5910±0.0022 a	1.412±0.024 c

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表 5 纳米硅对低温下番茄光合色素含量和净光合速率的影响

Table 5. Effects of nano-Si on photosynthetic pigment content and net photosynthetic rate in tomato under low temperature

处理 Treatment	叶绿素a Chlorophyll a (mg·g⁻¹ FW)	叶绿素b Chlorophyll b (mg·g⁻¹ FW)	类胡萝卜素 Carotenoid (mg·g⁻¹ FW)	叶绿素a/b Chlorophyll a/b	总叶绿素 Total chlorophyll (mg·g⁻¹ FW)	净光合速率 Net photosynthetic rate (µmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹)
RT	2.65±0.27 a	0.79±0.08 a	0.37±0.04 a	3.34±0.04 a	3.45±0.35 a	7.70±0.30 b
RT+Si	2.65±0.20 a	0.82±0.02 a	0.41±0.05 a	3.22±0.17 a	3.47±0.23 a	8.46±0.34 a
LT	1.21±0.07 c	0.36±0.02 c	0.16±0.01 c	3.38±0.10 a	1.56±0.09 c	2.55±0.11 d
LT+Si	1.91±0.18 b	0.59±0.03 b	0.26±0.02 b	3.23±0.15 a	2.50±0.21 b	3.78±0.18 c
同列数据后不同小写字母示各处理差异显著(P<0.05)。Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences among treatments (P<0.05).

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表 6 纳米硅对低温下番茄非结构性碳水化合物的影响

Table 6. Effect of nano-Si on non-structural carbohydrate of tomato at low temperature

处理 Treatment	可溶性糖含量 Soluble sugar content (mg·g⁻¹ FW)		果糖含量 Fructose content (mg·g⁻¹ FW)		蔗糖含量 Sucrose content (mg·g⁻¹ FW)		淀粉含量 Starch content (mg·g⁻¹ FW)
处理 Treatment	叶片 Leaf	根系 Root	叶片 Leaf	根系 Root	叶片 Leaf	根系 Root	叶片 Leaf	根系 Root
RT	4.42±0.04d	3.03±0.06d	10.09±0.17c	9.53±0.16c	3.22±0.02d	1.50±0.01d	7.48±0.04b	0.85±0.04d
RT+Si	12.54±0.26b	8.75±0.02b	11.59±0.34b	11.53±0.26a	4.28±0.03c	2.61±0.02c	8.84±0.04a	2.02±0.02a
LT	9.05±0.12c	7.11±0.21c	10.35±0.12c	7.21±0.20d	4.64±0.16b	2.88±0.12b	6.54±0.09d	0.96±0.01c
LT+Si	15.90±0.24a	10.28±0.13a	12.65±0.21a	10.17±0.14b	6.28±0.19a	3.49±0.11a	7.29±0.07c	1.47±0.01b

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