生物炭与土壤调理剂对滨海荒芜重盐碱地先锋作物的影响

杨莉琳; 唐书达; 朱向梅; 侯建伟

doi:10.12357/cjea.20220799

生物炭与土壤调理剂对滨海荒芜重盐碱地先锋作物的影响

doi: 10.12357/cjea.20220799

铜仁学院农林工程与规划学院　铜仁　554300

基金项目: 贵州省教育厅创新群体重大研究项目(黔教合KY字[2016]053号)、贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合基础[2019]1312, 黔科合基础-ZK [2022]一般556)、铜仁市科技计划项目(铜市科研[2021]32号)、铜仁学院博士基金项目(trxyDH1525)、铜仁学院硕士点及学科建设研究子项目(trxyxwdxm-032)资助

详细信息

通讯作者:
杨莉琳, 主要研究方向为土壤养分循环与环境生态。E-mail: 280149697@qq.com

中图分类号: S153; S147.2; Q945.78
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-10-12
- 录用日期: 2023-01-30
- 网络出版日期: 2023-02-08

Effects of biochar and conditioner on pioneer crops planted in coastal barren severe saline-alkali soil

College of Agroforestry Engineering and Planning, Tongren University, Tongren 554300, China

Funds: This study was supported by the Major Research Project of Innovation Group of Guizhou Education Department (Qian Education KY No. [2016] 053), the Science and Technology Plan Project of Guizhou Province (Qian Scienc No. [2019] 1312; Qian Scienc-ZK [2022] general-556), Tongren City Scientific Research ([2021] No.32), the Doctoral Fund Project of Tongren University (trxyDH1525), and the Research Subproject of Master’s Degree and Discipline Construction of Tongren University (trxyxwdxm-032).

More Information

Corresponding author: YANG Lilin, E-mail: 280149697@qq.com

摘要

摘要: 以生物改良、开发利用荒芜重盐碱地为目标, 在华北低平原区滨海荒芜重盐碱区开展了施用生物炭(B)与腐殖酸型土壤调理剂(C)对盐碱地先锋作物棉花和油葵的大田试验。生物炭施用量设2个水平(0 kg∙m⁻²和1.25 kg∙m⁻²), 调理剂施用量设3个水平(0 kg∙m⁻²、0.83 kg∙m⁻²和1.66 kg∙m⁻²), 共6个处理。研究结果表明, 生物炭显著抑制油葵早期的植株生长, 对后期生长及籽粒数量和重量无显著影响, 提高了油葵茎、叶和籽壳的N、P含量, 增加了茎、籽壳和籽仁的K含量, 促进叶片K、Ca向籽仁转移; 但施用生物炭抑制油葵吸收Mg, 导致茎秆和葵盘Mg含量显著下降, 对Na的吸收没有显著影响。腐殖酸型土壤调理剂则显著促进油葵茎、叶和葵盘生长, 提高了籽粒产量, 促进P向籽仁转移; 施用1.66 kg∙m⁻²调理剂处理促进N优先向油葵籽仁转移, 大幅度提升茎、叶和葵盘中的Ca含量, 同时提高茎秆Mg含量; 生物炭与土壤调理剂组合施用可消弱生物炭对油葵生长的抑制作用, 提高油葵对N、P、K、Ca的吸收, 促进N、P、K向籽仁的转移, 降低对Na和Mg的吸收, 增强油葵选择性吸收养分和拒盐能力。本研究还表明, 油葵比棉花更适合作为先锋作物在滨海荒芜重盐碱地种植。研究结果为秸秆等废弃物资源化利用、荒芜重盐碱地开发与生物改良以及耐盐适生先锋作物的选择提供理论依据。
- 油葵 /
- 盐碱地 /
- 土壤调理剂 /
- 盐分 /
- 土壤养分 /
- 生物炭
Abstract: Mechanisms that assist in reclaiming the coastal barren severe salt-affected soils in arid and semi-arid regions when treated with soil amendments have not been well characterized. Aiming at biological improvement, development, and utilization of barren severe saline-alkali soils, a field experiment was conducted to apply biochar and soil conditioner for pioneer crops planted in the coastal barren severe saline-alkali area of the North China Low Plain. Six treatments included single or combined application of two-level biochar rates (0 and 1.25 kg∙m⁻²) and three-level soil conditioner rates (0, 0.83, and 1.66 kg∙m⁻²) at the start of the experiment. Biochar significantly inhibited younger plant growth at the early stage of oil sunflower but had no marked impact on grown-up plants during the later stage, and grain quantity and yield. Meanwhile, biochar increased N and P contents in stems, leaves, and shells, the K content in stems, shells, and kernels of oil sunflowers, and promoted the transfer of K and Ca from leaves to kernels. However, biochar impeded Mg uptake and decreased the Mg content of stems and sunflower discs but had no significant effect on Na uptake by oil sunflowers. Soil conditioner significantly increased the growth of stems, leaves, and discs, and improved the grain yield. In addition, it promoted P transfer to the kernel. At an application rate of 1.66 kg∙m⁻², the soil conditioner promoted the transfer of N to the kernel preferentially and significantly improved the Ca content of stems, leaves, and discs, while increasing the Mg content of stems. Co-application of biochar and soil conditioner weakened the negative impact of biochar on plant growth, increasing uptake of N, P, K, and Ca, and facilitating transferring N, P, and K to the kernel, whereas reducing Na and Mg uptake for oil sunflower. Oil sunflowers, other than cotton, as a pioneer crop, are more suitable for planting in coastal barren, severely saline-alkali areas. The results from this preliminary study show that the co-application of biochar and soil conditioner provides an alternative method of waste recovery, converting straw resources into a value-added product, development, and bio-reclamation for coastal barren severely salt-affected soils, and the option of salt-tolerant pioneer crops that are adaptive to coastal areas.
- Oil sunflower /
- Saline alkali soil /
- Soil conditioner /
- Salinity /
- Soil nutrient /
- Biochar

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图 1 生物炭与土壤调理剂对油葵植株各器官氮、磷、钾、钙、镁和钠含量的影响

图例中的B表示施用1.25 kg∙m⁻²生物炭; C表示施用土壤调理剂, C0、C1和C2的施用量分别为0 kg∙m⁻²、0.83 kg∙m⁻²和1.66 kg∙m⁻²; #、*和**分别表示施用生物炭在P<0.1、P<0.05和P<0.01水平影响显著; 柱子上不同小写和大写字母分别表示不同调理剂处理在P<0.05和P<0.01水平差异显著, 未标字母表示差异不显著。B means application of 1.25 kg∙m⁻² biochar. C means application of soil conditioner; C0, C1 and C2 mean application rates of 0, 0.83 and 1.66 kg∙m⁻². #, * and ** indicate significant differences between application of biochar and no biochar at P<0.1, P<0.05 and P<0.01 probability levels. Different lowercase letters or capital letters above the bars indicate significant differences at P<0.05 or P<0.01 probability levels, and no letters above the bars indicate no significant differences among different conditioner treatments.

Figure 1. Effect of biochar and soil conditioner on N, P, K, Ca, Mg and Na contents of each organ of oil sunflower plant

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表 1 施用生物炭与土壤调理剂对油葵生物学性状的影响(单株)

Table 1. Effect of application of biochar and soil conditioner on biological characteristics of oil sunflower (per plant)

处理 Treatment	播后70 d 70 days after sowing				播后90 d 90 days after sowing
处理 Treatment	茎粗 Stem perimeter (mm)	盘径 Discs breadth (cm)	株高 Plant height (cm)	叶片数 Leaf number	盘径 Discs breadth (cm)	株高 Plant height (cm)	茎干重 Stem weight (g)	叶片数 Leaf number	叶重 Leaf weight (g)
C2	19.2±2.8a	13.0±1.4a	62.8±1.3	20.4±0.4	15.8±1.0a	70.4±2.8a	27.4±5.7	21.1±0.9	28.4±1.1a
C1	16.2±1.8ab	11.1±1.4ab	59.4±1.3	19.6±0.8	14.5±1.1a	71.4±1.0a	23.8±2.1	20.9±0.7	25.9±2.3ab
C0	15.2±0.8b	10.0±1.1b	51.4±1.7	18.9±1.3	11.4±1.9b	59.3±1.4b	19.7±0.5	21.0±1.2	24.7±0.6b
BC2	14.7±1.3	9.9±0.9	63.6±3.0	19.2±0.4	15.2±0.2a	65.0±0.4a	19.5±1.5	19.9±0.4	29.7±2.2a
BC1	13.5±1.0	9.4±0.7	60.3±0.6	19.6±1.3	13.5±0.3ab	62.2±0.5ab	18.5±0.3	21.0±1.5	25.2±1.0ab
BC0	13.1±1.2	9.2±1.2	50.2±1.2	19.0±0.3	11.4±0.4b	56.2±3.0b	18.7±4.5	20.3±0.6	22.0±0.7b
差异来源分析 Analysis of variance
B	**	*	ns	ns	ns	**	ns	ns	ns
C	*	*	**	ns	**	**	ns	ns	*
B×C	**	*	ns	ns	*	**	ns	ns	*
B表示施用1.25 kg∙m⁻²生物炭; C表示施用土壤调理剂, C0、C1和C2的施用量分别为0 kg∙m⁻²、0.83 kg∙m⁻²和1.66 kg∙m⁻²; B×C表示生物炭与土壤调理剂的交互作用。同列同一生物炭处理下不同小写字母表示不同土壤调理剂处理在P<0.05水平差异显著, 未标字母表示差异不显著。和分别表示在P<0.05和P<0.01水平差异显著; ns表示差异不显著。B means application of 1.25 kg∙m⁻² biochar. C means application of soil conditioner; C0, C1 and C2 mean application rates of 0, 0.83 and 1.66 kg∙m⁻². B×C means interaction of biochar and soil conditioner. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at P<0.05 level, or no letter followed the data indicates no significant difference, among C treatments within the same biochar (B) treatment . and ** indicate significant differences at P<0.05 and P<0.01 levels, respectively; “ns” indicates no significant difference.

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表 2 施用生物炭与土壤调理剂对单株油葵产量性状的影响

Table 2. Effect of biochar and soil conditioner on yield characteristics of oil sunflower (per plant)

处理 Treatment	地上部生物量 Shoot biomass (g)	盘重 Discs weight (g)	籽粒产量 Seed weight (g)	籽粒数 Seed number	百粒重 100 seed weight (g)
C2	128.4±13.5	22.8±2.5	55.9±1.2a	919.0±27.2	5.6±0.4
C1	123.1±17.7	23.2±2.8	43.5±6.1ab	846.1±114.7	5.5±0.4
C0	101.8±0.5	16.6±0.7	33.7±4.4b	732.7±53.1	4.6±0.3
BC2	127.8±2.6a	28.2±4.0a	49.4±5.2	812.7±60.2	5.5±0.5
BC1	103.9±3.2ab	20.3±2.8b	34.7±4.1	716.2±78.9	4.9±0.3
BC0	98.0±4.8b	19.7±3.6b	34.4±1.5	834.7±66.3	5.0±0.7
差异来源分析Analysis of variance
B	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
C	*	*	**	ns	ns
B×C	ns	**	ns	ns	ns
B表示施用1.25 kg∙m⁻²生物炭; C表示施用土壤调理剂, C0、C1和C2的施用量分别为0 kg∙m⁻²、0.83 kg∙m⁻²和1.66 kg∙m⁻²; B×C表示生物炭与土壤调理剂的交互作用。同列不同小写字母表示同一物炭处理不同土壤调理剂处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著, 未标字母表示差异不显著。和分别表示在P<0.05和P<0.01水平差异显著; ns表示差异不显著。B means application of 1.25 kg∙m⁻² biochar. C means application of soil conditioner; C0, C1 and C2 mean application rates of 0, 0.83 and 1.66 kg∙m⁻². B×C means interaction of biochar and soil ameliorator. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at P<0.05 level, or no letter followed the data indicates no significant difference, among C treatments within the same biochar (B) treatment. and ** indicate significant differences at P<0.05 and P<0.01 levels, respectively; “ns” indicates no significant difference.

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