Nitrogen acquirement strategy of different nitrogen forms in two pineapple cultivars
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摘要: 氮是菠萝最需要的大量营养素之一, 也是与产量关系密切的营养元素。本试验分别在4月和9月两个生长季节, 选择了广东省徐闻县田间生长的‘巴厘’和‘台农17’两个菠萝品种不同树龄的植株为研究对象, 测定了不同年龄植株的形态、生理和生长特征, 并利用稳定性同位素15N示踪技术探讨了菠萝对3种形态氮素(铵态氮、硝态氮和甘氨酸)的获取策略。结果表明, 在4月份果实收获期, 与‘巴厘’相比, ‘台农17’菠萝的产量(单个鲜果重)和根生物量较低, 但其植株高度、单株生物量、叶片N和K含量和比叶面积无显著差异, 叶片碳稳定性同位素(δ13C)和P含量较高。无论在4月份或者9月份, 两菠萝品种间对不同形态的氮素吸收有显著的差异。总体而言, ‘台农17’比‘巴厘’的氮吸收能力要强(P<0.05)。‘台农17’菠萝较强的氮吸收能力和水分利用效率更有助于将其分配到地上以促进光合作用, 从而维持其植株在较短生命周期内的生长。两菠萝品种都偏好吸收铵态氮(36.8%~64.6%), 其次是甘氨酸(23.2%~47.1%), 对硝态氮吸收速率最低(9.1%~31.5%)。处于营养生长阶段的菠萝植株(5~8个月)比果实收获时期的氮吸收速率高。随着树龄的增长, 铵态氮贡献率逐渐增大, 而甘氨酸贡献率逐渐降低。不同季节和树龄条件下, 不同形态氮素的吸收速率与土壤氮含量和其他所测得植物性状的相关性不显著。总之, 本研究首次证实田间菠萝的根系具有较强直接吸收利用有机氮的能力, 菠萝的品种和生长阶段都是影响氮素获取策略的重要因素。Abstract: Pineapple [Ananas comosus (Linn.) Merr.] is the third largest tropical fruit in China, with the largest planting areas located in Xuwen county, Guangdong, China. As one of the largest required macronutrients, nitrogen is closely related to the yield of pineapple. However, the uptake preference of different nitrogen forms of the field-grown pineapple plants is not clear yet. In this work, the morphological, physiological and growth traits of the plants with different ages were measured in two field-grown pineapple cultivars (i.e., ‘Tainang 17’ and ‘Bali’) with different growth periods in April and September, respectively, in Xuwen County. In addition, nitrogen acquisition strategies of three different forms of nitrogen (i.e., ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, and glycine) in pineapple roots were unraveled by using stable isotope 15N tracer technique. The results indicated that the growth period of ‘Tainang 17’ pineapple (16 months) was shorter than that of "Bali" (20 months). During the fruit harvest period in April, compared with ‘Bali’ pineapple (796 g fresh fruit weight per plant), ‘Tainang 17’ pineapple plants had lower yield (532 g fresh fruit weight per plant), root biomass, and P content; but had similar plant height, plant biomass per plant, leaf N and K contents and specific leaf area. As an indicator of long-term water-use efficiency, the δ13C value ranging from −15.16‰ to −13.28‰ was higher in leave of ‘Tainang 17’ pineapple than that in ‘Bali’ pineapple. Neither cultivar nor age greatly affected the leaf δ13C values. Either in April or September, there were significant differences in nitrogen uptake of different forms between the two pineapple cultivars. In general, the nitrogen uptake capacity of ‘Tainang 17’ pineapple was higher than that of "Bali" pineapple. The high acquirement capacity of nitrogen and water use efficiency of ‘Tainang 17’ pineapple attributed to promote photosynthesis and thus to maintain plant growth in a relative short life cycle. Both pineapple cultivars preferred to acquire ammonium nitrogen (36.8-64.6%), followed by glycine (23.2-47.1%); and the uptake rate of nitrate nitrogen was the lowest (9.1-31.5%). Compared with the plants in the fruit-harvesting stage, the nitrogen uptake rate of pineapple plants in the vegetative growth stage (5- to 8-month old) was higher. However, with the increase of plant age, the contribution rate of ammonium nitrogen increased, but that of glycine decreased gradually. Across different pineapple cultivars and plant ages, the rate of different forms of nitrogen uptake was not linearly correlated with soil nitrogen content or the measured plant traits. Overall, to the best of our knowledge, it is the first study to reveal that the roots of the field-grown pineapple plants have high ability to directly absorb organic nitrogen from the soils. The cultivar and plant growth stage of pineapples are important factors affecting the nitrogen acquisition strategy. But the linear relationships between the absorption rate of different nitrogen forms and soil nitrogen content or the measured plant traits are very weak. The above results contribute to nitrogen fertilizer management in the pineapple plantations.
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图 1 不同季节两个菠萝品种不同生长时期叶片N、P、K含量
C: 品种; A: 树龄; M:月。*: P<0.05; **: P<0.01; ns: 无显著差异。不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at P<0.05 level. C: cultivar; A: age; M:months.
Figure 1. Leaf N, P and K contents of two pineapple cultivars in different growth period sampled in different seasons
图 2 不同季节两个菠萝品种不同生长时期的叶片δ13C值
C: 品种; A: 树龄; M:月。*: P<0.05; ns: 无显著差异。不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at P<0.05 level. C: cultivar; A: age; M:months.
Figure 2. Leaf δ13C values of two pineapple cultivars in different growth period sampled in different seasons.
图 3 不同季节的两个菠萝品种对不同形态氮的吸收速率
C: 品种; A: 树龄; M:月。*: P<0.05; ns: 无显著差异。不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at P<0.05 level. C: cultivar; A: age; M:months.
Figure 3. The uptake rates of different nitrogen forms in two pineapple cultivars sampled in different seasons
图 4 在不同季节的两个菠萝对不同形态氮素吸收的贡献率
Figure 4. The contribution rate of different nitrogen forms to total nitrogen uptake in roots of in two pineapple cultivars sampled in different seasons
图 5 菠萝品种和年龄下土壤不同形态氮含量与氮素吸收速率的相关性
Figure 5. The correlation analysis between nitrogen contents in soils and N uptake rates by roots across different pineapple cultivars and plant ages
表 1 不同季节的两菠萝品种的形态和生长特征
Table 1. Morphological and growth traits of two pineapple cultivars sampled in different seasons
季节
Season品种
Cultivar年龄
Age (months)生长阶段
Growth stage株高
Height (cm)植株鲜重
Fresh weight (g)比叶面积
Specific leaf area
(cm2∙g−1)根干重
Root dry
weight (g)单果重
Weight per
fruit (g)比根长
Specific fine-root
length (m∙g−1)4月
April巴厘
Bali8 营养生长期
Vegetative stage43.0±5.5b 652±113.7b 85.5±25.9a 33.8±13.8b / / 20 果实收获期
Harvest stage90.0±8.1a 3064±904.2a 56.0±2.9b 68.5±16.3a 796±197.7a / 台农17
Tainong175 营养生长期
Vegetative stage51.6±6.7b 752±384.1b 55.5±22.9b 39.0±15.6b / / 16 果实收获期
Harvest stage96.8±6.6a 2868±595.9a 59.4±5.1b 49.8±13.2b 532±100.6b / 二维方差分析
Two-way ANOVA品种 Cultivar (C) * ** ns ns * 年龄 Age (A) *** ** ns ** C×A ns ns * * 9月
September巴厘
Bali13# 营养生长期
Vegetative stage59.2±13.9b 1521.4±757.6b 59.1±5.2b 12.9±6.1b / 11±1.8a 15 营养生长期
Vegetative stage64.8±4ab 1959±523.9b 59.2±5.7b 14.4±7.5b / 10±5.1ab 台农17
Tainong1710# 营养生长期
Vegetative stage69±4.6ab 2170.4±176.6b 67.9±4.6a 18.2±4.2b / 7.5±2.5ab 12 营养生长期
Vegetative stage72.6±6.6a 3246±410.8a 59.4±6.5b 31.5±5.6a / 6.2±1.4b 二维方差分析
Two-way ANOVA品种 Cultivar (C) * ** ns ** * 年龄 Age (A) ns ** ns * ns C×A ns ns ns * ns 同一个月内标识不同字母的数据表示其差异性显著(P<0.05)。*, P<0.05; **, P<0.01; ***, P<0.001. ns: 无显著差异; #:分别为4月的‘巴厘’和‘台农17’标记追踪的材料。Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between samples within the same season at P<0.05 level. Ns: no significant difference. #: those plants of “Bali” and “Tainong 17” pineapples sampled in September are tracked from the seedlings growing in April, respectively. 
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表 2 不同季节的土壤不同形态氮的含量
Table 2. The contents of different nitrogen forms in soils (mg∙kg−1) sampled in different seasons
季节 Season 品种 Cultivar 年龄 Age (months) 铵态氮 Ammonium nitrogen 硝态氮 Nitrate nitrogen 氨基酸态氮 Amino acid nitrogen 4月 April 巴厘 Bali 8 38.4±1.11b 8.53±0.04a 691.58±16.80b 20 142.33±19.07a 8.70±0.19b 856.82±69.94a 台农17 Tainong17 5 52.33±2.78b 8.03±0.05a 710.12±55.25b 16 17.37±0.59c 5.20±0.03c 617.07±91.07b 9月September 巴厘 Bali 13 10.63 11.1 249.75 15 9.87 11.51 268.03 台农17 Tainong17 10 7.75 9.02 189.32 12 4.67 4.84 296.44 不同小写字母表示4月份内不同采样土壤中同一种氮形态间存在显著差异(P<0.05)。Different lowercase letters indicated significant differences between the different samples soils within the same nitrogen form in April at P<0.05 level.
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表 3 不同菠萝品种和年龄下植物功能性状与氮素吸收速率的相关性
Table 3. The correlation between plant traits and N uptake rates by roots across different pineapple cultivars and plant ages
植物功能性状
Plant trait氮吸收速率 N uptake rate 铵态氮 NH4+-N 硝态氮 NO3−-N 甘氨酸 Glycine 总吸收速率 Total absorption 整株生物量 Plant biomass 0.012 −0.475 −0.617 −0.388 比叶面积 Specific leaf area 0.088 −0.183 0.324 0.063 根生物量 Root biomass 0.229 0.254 −0.119 0.169 比根长 Specific root length −0.882 −0.881 −0.875 −0.918 叶片氮含量 Leaf N content −0.203 −0.576 −0.389 −0.453
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