地下微咸水埋深对土壤水盐分布与冬小麦耗水特性的影响

张雪佳; 王金涛; 董心亮; 田柳; 娄泊远; 刘小京; 孙宏勇

doi:10.12357/cjea.20220882

地下微咸水埋深对土壤水盐分布与冬小麦耗水特性的影响

doi: 10.12357/cjea.20220882

张雪佳^{1, 2,},
王金涛¹,
董心亮¹,
田柳^{1, 2},
娄泊远^{1, 2},
刘小京^{1, 2},
孙宏勇^{1, 2, ,}

1.
中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心　石家庄　050022
2.
中国科学院大学　北京　100049

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划课题(2021YFE0114500)资助

详细信息

作者简介:
张雪佳, 主要研究方向为农田水盐运移过程及调控。E-mail: zhangxuejia20@mails.ucas.ac.cn

通讯作者:
孙宏勇, 主要研究方向为农田水盐运移过程机理与调控。E-mail: hysun@sjziam.ac.cn

中图分类号: S273.4; S512.1
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- 文章访问数: 20
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-11-10
- 录用日期: 2023-02-06
- 修回日期: 2023-02-06
- 网络出版日期: 2023-02-14

Effect of underground brackish water depth on soil water-salt distribution and water consumption of winter wheat

ZHANG Xuejia^{1, 2
,},
WANG Jintao¹,
DONG Xinliang¹,
TIAN Liu^{1, 2},
LOU Boyuan^{1, 2},
LIU Xiaojing^{1, 2},
SUN Hongyong^{1, 2
, ,}

1.
Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050022, China
2.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Funds: This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Project (2021YFE0114500).

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail: hysun@sjziam.ac.cn

摘要

摘要: 环渤海低平原地区的冬小麦生产面临淡水资源短缺的制约, 高效安全利用较为丰富的浅层微咸水资源对农业可持续发展具有非常重要的意义。本研究于2021—2022年采用土柱模拟方法在中国科学院南皮生态农业试验站开展, 试验设置4个处理: 无地下水埋深淡水灌溉处理(CK), 地下微咸水埋深为0.5 m (GW1)、1.0 m (GW2)及1.5 m (GW3)处理, 每个处理3个重复, 对不同微咸水埋深下冬小麦土壤含水量及含盐量和水分利用特点进行调查。结果表明, 表层土壤(0~10 cm)含水量及含盐量随地下水埋深的增加而逐渐降低。与CK处理相比, GW1处理表层土壤含水量显著增加30.9%, GW3处理显著降低79.3%, 而与GW2处理无显著变化; GW1和GW2处理表层土壤盐含量显著增加3.4 g∙kg⁻¹和2.0 g∙kg⁻¹, 而GW3与CK处理之间差异不显著。GW1和GW2处理盐分主要积累在土壤表层(0~10 cm); GW3处理表层盐分较低, 主要积累在土壤30~50 cm深度。冬小麦蒸散量随地下水埋深的增加而显著降低, 与CK处理相比, GW1和GW2处理下冬小麦蒸散量显著增加50.2%和20.3%, GW3处理无显著差异。冬小麦产量在GW3处理下最高, 较CK处理显著提高38.04%; 同时, 该处理具有最高的生物量水平水分利用效率和产量水平水分利用效率, 显著高于CK处理26.7%和40.1%。上述结果表明, 咸水质量浓度为3 g·L⁻¹, 地下水埋深在0.5~1.5 m的条件下, 1.5 m是冬小麦生长的适宜地下微咸水埋深上限, 此时, 表层含盐量和作物蒸散量最低, 产量和水分利用效率最优。
- 地下微咸水埋深 /
- 冬小麦 /
- 产量 /
- 土壤水盐分布 /
- 蒸散
Abstract: Production of winter wheat in the low plains around the Bohai Sea faces the constraint of freshwater resource shortage, and the efficient and safe use of the relatively abundant shallow brackish water resources is of great importance for sustainable agricultural development. Soil column simulation experiments were conducted at the Nanpi Ecological Agricultural Experiment Station of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2021–2022. Four treatments, including no groundwater but freshwater (487.5 mm) irrigation treatment (CK) and underground brackish water depths of 0.5 m (GW1), 1.0 m (GW2), and 1.5 m (GW3) with 20 mm freshwater irrigation were applied, with three replications for each treatment. This experiment investigated the characteristics of soil water, salinity content, and water use in winter wheat. The results showed that the distribution of soil water and salt in the surface soil (0–10 cm) gradually decreased with increasing groundwater depth. Compared with the CK treatment, the surface soil water content of the GW1 treatment significantly increased by 30.9% and that of the GW3 treatment significantly decreased by 79.3%, whereas there was no significant difference for the GW2 treatment. Compared with the CK treatment, the salinity of surface soil in the GW1 and GW2 treatments significantly increased by 3.4 g·kg⁻¹ and 2.0 g·kg⁻¹, respectively, whereas there was no significant difference in the GW3 treatment. Salt in the GW1 and GW2 treatments mainly accumulated in the surface soil, whereas that in the GW3 treatment was low and mainly accumulated at a depth of 30–50 cm. The evapotranspiration of winter wheat significantly decreased with increasing groundwater depth. The evapotranspiration of winter wheat significantly increased by 50.2% and 20.3% under the GW1 and GW2 treatments, respectively, compared to CK, and there was no significant difference between the GW3 and CK treatments. The grain yield of the GW3 treatment was the highest, which was significantly increased by 38.04% compared with that of the CK treatment. The highest values for water use efficiency at the biomass and yield levels in the GW3 treatment were significantly higher than those in the CK treatment by 26.7% and 40.1%, respectively. The above results show that 1.5 m is the upper limit of the suitable groundwater depth for winter wheat growth in underground brackish water shallow burial areas when the mass concentration of brackish water is 3 g·L⁻¹ and groundwater depth is 0.5–1.5 m. Under these conditions, the surface salinity and crop evapotranspiration were the lowest, and the yield and water use efficiency were the best.
- Underground brackish water depth /
- Winter wheat /
- Grain yield /
- Soil water and soil salt distribution /
- Evapotranspiration

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图 1 试验装置结构图

Figure 1. Structure diagram of the test device

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图 2 不同地下微咸水埋深下冬小麦成熟期土壤含水量和土壤盐分含量

CK、GW1、GW2、GW3分别表示对照处理以及地下微咸水埋深为0.5 m、1.0 m和1.5 m处理。CK, GW1, GW2 and GW3 are the control treatment and the treatments for underground brackish water depths of 0.5 m, 1.0 m and 1.5 m, respectively.

Figure 2. Soil water and soil salt contents at winter wheat harvest under different underground brackish water depths

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图 3 不同地下微咸水埋深下冬小麦蒸散量与地下水埋深深度及0~10 cm表层土壤含水量的关系

Figure 3. Relationship between evapotranspiration of winter wheat and groundwater depth and 0−10 cm surface soil water content under different underground brackish water depths

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图 4 不同地下微咸水埋深下0~30 cm土壤相对含水量及钠吸附比

GW1、GW2、GW3分别表示地下微咸水埋深为0.5 m、1.0 m和1.5 m处理。图中不同字母表示不同处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。GW1, GW2 and GW3 show the treatments for underground brackish water depths of 0.5 m, 1.0 m and 1.5 m, respectively. Different letters indicate significant differences at P<0.05 level among different treatments.

Figure 4. Soil-relative water content and soil sodium adsorption ratio of 0–30 cm soil under different underground brackish water depths

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表 1 不同地下微咸水埋深下冬小麦的水量平衡

Table 1. Water balance components of winter wheat under different underground brackish water depths

处理 Treatment	地下水补给量 Groundwater recharge (mm)	灌溉量 Irrigation (mm)	总供水量 Total water supply (mm)	土壤储水量变化 Change in soil water storage (mm)	蒸散量 Evapotranspiration (mm)
CK	0	487.5	487.5d	+79.5b	567.0c
GW1	971.2	20.0	991.2a	−139.7a	851.5a
GW2	763.8	20.0	783.8b	−101.9b	682.0b
GW3	620.5	20.0	640.5c	−76.8b	564.0c
CK、GW1、GW2、GW3分别表示对照处理以及地下微咸水埋深为0.5 m、1.0 m和1.5 m处理。不同字母表示不同处理在P<0.05水平差异显著。+、−表示土壤储水量变化的正负。CK, GW1, GW2 and GW3 are the control treatment and the treatments for underground brackish water depths of 0.5 m, 1.0 m and 1.5 m, respectively. Different letters indicate significant differences at P<0.05 level among different treatments. + and − indicate positive and negative changes in soil water storage.

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表 2 不同地下微咸水埋深下冬小麦产量及其组成

Table 2. Yield and yield components of winter wheat under different underground brackish water depths

处理 Treatment	穗粒数 Kernel number per spike	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	穗数 Spike number (plants∙m⁻²)	收获指数 Harvest index	产量 Yield (kg∙m⁻²)	生物量水平水分利用效率 Water use efficiency at biomass level (kg∙m⁻³)	产量水平水分利用效率 Water use efficiency at yield level (kg∙m⁻³)
CK	30.67±0.58d	46.58±3.45a	647.45±146.39a	0.432±0.020ab	0.92±0.17b	3.76±0.57b	1.62±0.31b
GW1	33.00±1.00c	46.41±2.02a	630.81±169.76a	0.426±0.011ab	0.96±0.24ab	2.64±0.43c	1.13±0.25b
GW2	35.00±1.73b	48.88±1.76a	501.24±141.73a	0.398±0.045b	0.85±0.17b	3.10±0.19bc	1.24±0.23b
GW3	37.00±0.00a	49.14±1.44a	699.37±45.81a	0.474±0.022a	1.27±0.12a	4.77±0.40a	2.27±0.30a
CK、GW1、GW2、GW3分别表示对照处理以及地下微咸水埋深为0.5 m、1.0 m和1.5 m处理。表中数据表示平均值±标准误差。不同字母表示不同处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。CK, GW1, GW2 and GW3 are the control treatment and the treatments for underground brackish water depths of 0.5 m, 1.0 m and 1.5 m, respectively. The data in the table is mean ± standard error. Different letters indicate significant differences at P<0.05 level among different treatments.

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表 3 不同地下微咸水埋深下冬小麦产量与土壤水分、盐分线性回归分析

Table 3. Linear regression analysis of winter wheat yield and soil moisture and salinity in different soil layers under different underground brackish water depths

土壤深度 Soil depth (cm)	模型 Model	R²	P
0~10	Y=1.288−0.043SW+0.213SS	0.719	0.022
0~20	Y=1.404−0.063SW+0.201SS	0.698	0.028
0~30	Y=1.121−0.053SW+0.167SS	0.759	0.014
0~50	Y=0.828−0.046SW+0.156SS	0.745	0.017
SS表示土壤积盐含量(g∙kg⁻¹), SW表示土壤平均含水量(%)。SS is the soil salt accumulation (g∙kg⁻¹); SW is the average soil water content (%).

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表 4 不同地下微咸水埋深下冬小麦产量的相关性分析

Table 4. Correlation analysis of yield in winter wheat under different underground brackish water depths

指标 Index	Y1	Y2	Y3	Y4	Y5	Y6	Y7	Y8
Y1	1.000
Y2	0.915^**	1.000
Y3	0.242	−0.101	1.000
Y4	0.251	−0.143	0.710^*	1.000
Y5	0.921^**	0.852^**	0.118	0.160	1.000
Y6	−0.434	−0.097	−0.586	−0.862^**	−0.365	1.000
Y7	0.843^**	0.585	0.509	0.681^*	0.729^*	−0.838^**	1.000
Y8	0.896^**	0.662	0.450	0.605	0.828^**	−0.776^*	0.986^**	1.000
Y1: 冬小麦产量; Y2: 穗数; Y3: 千粒重; Y4: 穗粒数; Y5: 收获指数; Y6: 蒸散; Y7: 生物量水平水分利用效率; Y8: 产量水平水分利用效率。和分别表示相关性达P<0.05和P<0.01显著水平。Y1: winter wheat yield; Y2: spike number; Y3: 1000-grain weight; Y4: kernel number per spike; Y5: harvest index; Y6: evapotranspiration; Y7: water use efficiency at biomass level; Y8: water use efficiency at yield level. and ** indicate significant correlation at P<0.05 and P<0.01 levels, respectively.

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