污泥热碱液对小青菜产量及氮转化酶活性的影响

王永亮; 吴晨瑞; 薛晓蓉; 孙晋鑫; 刘晓林; 杨治平; 张强; 白炬

doi:10.12357/cjea.20230028

污泥热碱液对小青菜产量及氮转化酶活性的影响

Effects of flushing alkaline thermal hydrolysis liquid to promote Brassica chinensis yield and nitrogen invertase activity mechanistic research

摘要

摘要: 污泥通过碱性热水解工艺(ATH)提取的富含多肽、蛋白质类液体(污泥热碱液)已被证实无毒性且可运用于农业生产中, 并显著促进作物生长。为探究污泥热碱液对小青菜氮素吸收及氮代谢调控机制的影响, 本试验以小青菜为研究对象, 采用盆栽试验, 以不施氮肥为对照, 研究5个污泥热碱液处理土壤中分别施入0 mg·kg⁻¹、20.19 mg·kg⁻¹、40.38 mg·kg⁻¹、60.57 mg·kg⁻¹、80.76 mg·kg⁻¹污泥热碱液, 探讨小青菜植株氮素吸收、氮代谢关键酶活性等的变化。结果表明, 随着施用量的增加, 各指标均呈先升高后下降的趋势, 当施用量为40.38 mg·kg⁻¹时, 小青菜收获后氮素累积量、产量和品质等达较高水平, 硝酸盐含量最低。通过对小青菜氮素吸收量及产量进行拟合, 得出121.48~127.59 kg·hm⁻²为该污泥热碱液对小青菜的最佳施用量。施用量为40.38 mg·kg⁻¹时, 小青菜中硝酸还原酶(NR)、亚硝酸还原酶(NiR)、谷氨酸脱氢酶(GDH)、谷氨酸合成酶(GOGAT)、谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)均保持较高的活性, 在小青菜定苗后第2周、第4周和第6周与其他处理相比, NR活性增加56.56%~183.43%、16.55%~150.36%和7.86%~293.25%, NiR活性增加24.70%~348.17%、1.06%~71.24%和7.62%~286.59%, GDH活性增加9.91%~149.21%、37.52%~308.35%和16.08%~123.12%, GS活性增加4.13%~17.82%、5.23%~122.27%和9.91%~121.21%, GOGAT活性增加31.31%~288.16%、9.63%~351.69%和28.45%~1274.32%。冗余分析表明小青菜中GOGAT是决定产量、氮素利用率、氮素吸收率的主要因素, 与产量呈显著正相关。施用适量的污泥热碱液会提高小青菜氮素相关转化酶活性, 促进对氮素吸收及产量的增加。热碱液可作为新型肥料施用, 不仅可以解决污泥资源化问题, 还可以提高小青菜产量及养分吸收。

Abstract: The polypeptide-rich liquid extracted from alkaline thermal hydrolysis (ATH) sludge has proven to be non-toxic and usable in agricultural production, resulting in a significant increase in crop growth. To explore the effect of ATH hydrolysate on nitrogen uptake and nitrogen metabolism regulation mechanism of Brassica chinensis, B. chinensis was flushed with ATH hydrolysate (0 mg·kg⁻¹, 20.19 mg·kg⁻¹, 40.38 mg·kg⁻¹, 60.57 mg·kg⁻¹, and 80.76 mg·kg⁻¹) treatments, with no nitrogen fertilizer as the control in a pot experiment. The results showed that as the application rate of flushed ATH hydrolysate increased, all indices first increased and then decreased. When the ATH hydrolysate was flushed at 40.38 mg·kg⁻¹, the nitrogen accumulation, yield, and quality of B. chinensis were higher than those of the control after harvest, and the nitrate content was the lowest. By fitting the nitrogen uptake and yield of B. chinensis, the optimal application amount of ATH hydrolysate was determined to be 121.48−127.59 kg·hm⁻². Under the condition of 40.38 mg·kg⁻¹ for potted B. chinensis, nitrate reductase (NR), nitrite reductase (NiR), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), glutamate synthase (GOGAT), and glutamine synthetase (GS) activities could maintain high activity. In the 2nd, 4th, and 6th weeks after final singling of seedlings, the NR activity increased by 56.56%−183.43%, 16.55%−150.36% and 7.86%−293.25%, NiR activity increased by 24.70%−348.17%, 1.06%−71.24% and 7.62%−286.59%, GDH activity increased by 9.91%−149.21%, 37.52%−308.35% and 16.08%−123.12%, GS activity increased by 4.13%−17.82%, 5.23%−122.27% and 9.91%−121.21%, and GOGAT activity increased by 31.31%−288.16%, 9.63%−351.69% and 28.45%−1274.32%. Redundancy analysis showed that GOGAT in B. chinensis was the main factor determining the yield, nitrogen utilization rate, and nitrogen absorption rate, with a significant positive correlation. The ATH hydrolysate solution had a significant influence on the yield of B. chinensis and the activities of enzymes related to nitrogen absorption and transformation under different flushing rates. An appropriate amount of ATH hydrolysate increases the activity of nitrogen-related invertase in B. chinensis, thereby improving the absorption and utilization of nitrogen and yield. At the same time, it also showed that ATH solution can be used as a new type of fertilizer, which not only solves the problem of sludge but also improves the yield and nutrient absorption of B. chinensis.

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