2004 Vol. 12, No. 2

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The principles and application of eco-planning of agricultural landscape-Based on analysis of the Chinese eco-agriculture
WANG Rui, WANG Yang-Lin, JING Juan
2004, 12(2): 1-4.
Abstract(2200) PDF(2466)
Abstract:
Eco-agriculture in China is a representative type of sustainable agriculture．By studying eco-agricuhure models in China，this survey summarizes the landscape characters of eco-agricuhure in China，and discusses their value on landscape ecology．Then，concerned with the productive，economical，ecological and social functions of agricultural landscape，five principles including heterogeneity promotion，inheritance of nature，control of key factors，adjust measures to local conditions and．social satisfaction to agricultural landscape eco-planning are put forward．
A conception of ecological land use and its function classification in arid area in Northwest China
ZHANG Hong-Qi, WANG Li-Xin, JIA Bao-Quan
2004, 12(2): 5-8.
Abstract(1256) PDF(1353)
Abstract:
The conception and definition of ecological 1and use in arid area in Northwest China are stated in this paper．The ecological 1and use is divided into two categories，of which one is an artificia1 type including agricultural oasis and township oasis，and another is a natural type containing naturally preserved area ，water-conserved forest in mountainous area，natura1 oasis，wetland，desert vegetation area and wasteland．Meanwhile，the service function of each type of ecological land use for the main ecosystem is introduced．Finally，it is put forward that the research on ecological land use should be focused on the three aspects：developing evaluation of ecological land use resources aiming at its quantity，quality and spatial distribution；identifying the rational proportions of ecological land use in total area and in the different water-sheds in arid area in Northwest China；quantifying the relationship between ecological land use and ecological water use．
A study on the biosphere reserve pattern of oasis economy based on eco-agricultural paradigm of mountain-basin systemin Xinjiang
LI Jian-Xin
2004, 12(2): 9-11.
Abstract(1089) PDF(995)
Abstract:
The landscape zones from the Altay Mountains。the Gurbantunggut Desert， the Tianshan Mountains， the Faklimakan Desert to the Kunlun Mountains result in the converse zonation pattern of the biosphere reserve pattern of oasis economy Under the restricted conditions Of the inner transition aYea．the oasis’s econom y should be transformed into that of an island，for using the resources outside the biosphere reserve．The other strategy would be made to remodel the economy of the inner transition area to make it more productive and ecological sustainable．Suggestions have been made to set the Altay Mountains，the Gurbantunggut Desert，the Tianshan Mountains，the Taklimakan Desert and the Kunlun Mountains under protection zones for water sources or for biodiversities，to change the farmland area s near the desert boundaries into pastureland．
A study on matching models and policies of land and water resources in West China
ZHANG Jun-Lian, ZHOU Ling-Xia, XIE Jun-Qi, LI Xian-Wen
2004, 12(2): 12-14.
Abstract(1237) PDF(1088)
Abstract:
According to the analysis，the main limitation for resources development and protection in West China is not resources shortage．but is an unreasonable matching of land and water resources．Therefore，models，countermeasures and policies to match land and water resources are given．
Evaluation and countermeasures of the sustainable utilization of grassland resources in development of western China
ZHAO Ying-Wei, LIU Li-Ming, BAI Xiao-Fei
2004, 12(2): 15-18.
Abstract(1414) PDF(982)
Abstract:
Based on the characteristics，current use condition and important function Of the grassland resources in western China，the paper firstly establishes an index system and a method for sustainable management evaluation to the grassland resources．Finally，taking Dingqing County of Xizang Autonomous Region as a case，the major measures for sustainable utilization of grasland resources in western China are proposed.
Recent advances on the relation between biodiversity and ecosystem function
DU Li, GE Feng
2004, 12(2): 19-22.
Abstract(1803) PDF(1243)
Abstract:
Based on the relation between biodiversity and ecosystem function in ecology，the relationship between species richness and productivity and factors affecting the relationship are analyzed systemically．The relationship between biodiversity and stability is also discussed in this paper．
The prospect of the Chinese ecological agriculture(CEA)at present stage
ZHANG Ren-Wu, GAO Huai-You
2004, 12(2): 23-25.
Abstract(1582) PDF(1362)
Abstract:
The goal and intension as well as the corresponding technic system of the Chinese ecological agriculture in 21 century are discussed in this paper．The Chinese ecological agriculture should be not only based on the agriculture modernization but also realize a benign circulation of the eco-economic system ．The Chinese ecological agriculture must be reasonable ecologically．
A new approach of ecological agriculture development
WU Lan-Fang, OUYANG Zhu, TANG Deng-Yin, CHENG Wei-Xin, ZHANG Xing-Quan
2004, 12(2): 26-28.
Abstract(1057) PDF(1382)
Abstract:
This paper discusses the ecological agriculture at the regional scale．The general idea is to construct a healthy agro-ecosystem that consists of ecological agriculture park，green ecology park，and tourism agriculture park by using ecological theory and technology according to the characteristics and resources of the area ．Consequently，the green products and the beautiful rural surroundings should be produced，the farmer’s income should be increased and their living quality should be improved．Meanwhile the typical ecological agriculture model are also suggested．
Great west development on the basis of harmony between economy and ecology
WANG Song-Pei
2004, 12(2): 29-31.
Abstract(1434) PDF(955)
Abstract:
On the basis of ecological economics，the following main points of view have been discussed，such as economic underdevelopment in West China has been coming from the ecological destruction；ecological construction is the root of great west development of China；new thoughts of the coexistence of harmony between economy and ecology，sustainable development of economic．society，protecting resources in their utilization while utilizing them in protection should be established；ecological economic reform should be put into force．
Division warning of agricultural resources and environment in Heilongjiang Province
LIU Zhi-Qiang, ZHANG Ping-Yu, ZHU Yan-Jie
2004, 12(2): 32-35.
Abstract(1598) PDF(1051)
Abstract:
Based on the evaluation of regionally agricultural resources and environment，analysis of the changing trend of resources and environment，the warning system of regionally agricultural resources is established，and the warnings of unhealthy conditions，negative evolution and deterioration speed are put forward． Finally，some corresponding regulation measures are provided．
Application of various patterns to the study on relative abundance of bird species in the Jiangshi Natural Reserve Zone of Fujian Province
LIAO Cheng-Zhang, XU Yong-Xing, LIU Jiang, YAN Shu-Jun, BI Xiao-Li
2004, 12(2): 36-39.
Abstract(1312) PDF(1171)
Abstract:
In this paper，the relative abundance of bird species was studied by using the patterns of log series distribution，log normal distribution，geometric series distribution，and broken stick model in the Jiangshi Nature Reserve Zone of Fujian Province．The results show that the relative abundance of bird species obeys the logarithmic series distribution and the log normal distribution that can be used to describe the bird species diversity well，and the geometric series distribution and the broken stick model can not be used to describe it；and the diagrammatization of“abundance／fre lency”reflects the effect of the logarithmic series distribution well，and the relative abundance of bird species does not obey the logarithmic series distribution in the hill and hilly county，and every community percent similarity(PS)is lower．
The correlations of the different host plants with preference level，life duration and survival rate of Spodoptera litura Fabricius
QIN Hou-Guo, YE Zheng-Xiang, HUANG Shui-Jin, DING Jian, LUO Ren-Hua
2004, 12(2): 40-42.
Abstract(1695) PDF(1526)
Abstract:
The correlations of the different llost plants with preference leve1．1ife duration and survival rate of S．1itura Fabricius show that the most preference plants of S．1itura Fabricius are Ver．cormosus，Nelumbo nucifera，Brassica oleracea，Brassica chinensis，lpornoea aquatica，Brassica cornpestris，Gossypium hirsutum ，Glycine max，Raphanus sativus，vigna sesquipedalis，Basella alba，respectively．The preference plants are Arachis hypogaea，Sesamum indicurn，Polygonum lapathifolium，Marsilea quadrifolia，Ipmoea batatas，Phaseolus radicalum，Cucumis sativus，respectively. The secondary host plant are others．There are significant differences among the duration of larvae，weight of pupa and the emerging rate when the larvae are fed on the different host plants.The duration of larvae is shorter，the pupae are weighter and the emerging rate is higher when the larvae are fed on Colocasia esculenta，lpomoea aquatica，Brassica chinensis，Brassica oleralea，Vigna sesquipedalis，Nelumbo nucifera，etc．The duration of larvae is longer，the pupae are smaller and the emerging rate is lower when the larvae are fed on Gossypium hirsutum ，Glycine max，and Helianthus annuus.
Law of the water transfer process of water-conversation forest in Qilian Mountains
DANG Hong-Zhong, ZHAO Yu-Sen, CHEN Xiang-Wei
2004, 12(2): 43-46.
Abstract(1390) PDF(1124)
Abstract:
The mechanism and contribution of interface layers including forest canopy layer，forest litter layer，and forest soil layer to water transfer of forest vegetation in Qilian Mountains have been analyzed in this paper．The results indicate that in the water transfer process，the water quantity and energy have been converted and changed by interface layers with all ways．As the results，the ineffective wastage of water decreases and the water energy condition tends to stabilization．The mixed stands have more capability of water transfer with compound layers and different ages’structure．The water capabilities of soil and runoff are good indexes in weighing the water transfer capability of forest ecology．The tend of runoff from small to big of the main forest vegetation in Qilian Mountains is alp shrubs，Picea crassifolia stands mixed with shrubs，Picea crassifolia and moss stands，middle and low mountain shrubs．
Salt migration characteristics of silt loam soil by rainstorm
ZHANG Miao-Xian, YANG Jin-Song, LI Dong-Shun
2004, 12(2): 47-49.
Abstract(1288) PDF(965)
Abstract:
The salt migration characteristics of silt loam soil column were analyzed under the process of leaching by the rainstorm in different groundwater depths under cotton vegetation．The results show that the salinity of 0～30cm soil layer migrates down to 30～105cm when the depth to groundwater is 1．5 m which belongs to shallow desalt，and moves up to topsoil easily again；the salinity of 0～83cm soil layer migrates down to 83～200cm when the depth to groundwater is 2．5m which belongs to central desalt；the salinity of 100～200cm soil layer migrates down to 205～255cm when depth to groundwater is 3m which belongs to deep dealt.
Path analysis on the factors affectting salt accumulation of topsoil in a depression of Hai River Plain
MAO Ren-Zhao, ZHANG Miao-Xian, ZHANG Yu-Ming
2004, 12(2): 50-53.
Abstract(1218) PDF(1159)
Abstract:
In the depression and waterlogging land of Hai River Plain where the groundwater depth to the surface is about 2～3m，the salt content in topsoil is less or equal to 50g／kg，and the relative height of landform is less or equal to 66cm，the primary and secondary relationships among some factors are considered by using the Path Analysis method．The results show that the topsoi1 salinity mainly depends on the salinity of bottom soi1 and micro-landform ，whereas the indirect effect of subsoil salinity on topsoil salinity through the bottom soil is the biggest one among all of six effects．
Advance in the mechanism of biochemistry and molecular biology in response to cold stress of plant
GUO Zi-Wu, LI Xiao-Li, GAO Dong-Sheng, DUAN Cheng-Guo
2004, 12(2): 54-57.
Abstract(1446) PDF(1819)
Abstract:
The signs of low temperature actix，ate the expression of some freezing tolerant genes of plant and the contents of specific proteins and osmotic adjustment substances are raised，all of which elevate the antioxidant capacity and the osmotic adjustment capacity and protect the plant cells，thus the expression of some freezing tolerant genes is the determinant of the antifreeze capacity，so it is critical for breeding antifreeze traits that enhances the level of the expression of freezing tolerant genes．Finally，the view of this domain in future is presented．
Study on biological characters of pubescence of Gossypium arboreum bickii
LI Cui, CHAI Bao-Feng
2004, 12(2): 58-60.
Abstract(1027) PDF(1023)
Abstract:
The biological characters，morphology，density and structure of pubescence of a new cotton species named heterotetraploid Gossypium arboreum bickii[A2A2GlG1]are studied in this paper．The results indicate that the pubescence of stem and leave are mainlv distributed on the vein,and the densities of the pubescence show a decreasing tendency frommiddle vein．side vein to branch vein．Moreover．pubescences on stem are more than those on leaves，those on 1eaves are more than those on flower apparatus，the average density on stem is 12．30 per mm2，and that on leaves is 10．38 per mm2；the pubescences include mono-pubescence and multi-pubescence．The amount of multi-pubescences is more than that of mono-pubescences．Generally，there are 6～7 pubescences per multi-pubescence，even more than 15．The length of pubes-cence is up to 620um ．The longer pubescence in stem and leavcs，as the excellent trait of anti-insect，is inherited and expressed from the wild G bickii as a father of G arboreu11l bickii．
Biochemical genetic analysis of allozymes of mud crab,Scylla serrata
LI Zhong-Bao, LI Shao-Jing, WANG Gui-Zhong, KONG Xiang-Hui
2004, 12(2): 61-64.
Abstract(1330) PDF(1035)
Abstract:
Allozyme was investigated using the assay of vertical slab polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in Scylla serrata．Eleven enzymes presum ably encoded by 22 allozyme loci and 30 alleles are scored in S．serrata，the monomorphic loci with one alide are Ldh-1，Sod-2，Aat-l，Aat-2，Skd-l，Skd-2，Idh-l，Sdh-l，Adh-l，Me-l，Me-3， Mdh-l，Amy-l，Amy-2．amd Amy-3;and 7 loci with 2～3 alleles are polymorphic，they are Est-l，Est-2(the monomorphic locus in Xiamen population)，Est-3，Sod-l，Me-2，Mdh-2(the polymorphic locus in Xiamen population)，and Mdh-3．S．serata in six samples shares nlost common alleles in all1oci，their biochemical genetic are very similar．
Diversity analysis for the Chinese tea varieties
HUANG Ping, CHEN Neng-Wu, TAN He-Ping, JIANG Guang-Zao
2004, 12(2): 65-67.
Abstract(1280) PDF(1035)
Abstract:
The characteristics of 367 tea varieties，especially their tree pattern and leaf size，are analyzed from the point of view of biodiversity in this paper The results show that the majority of the Chinese tea varieties are the bush and small arbor with medium size leaf，large size leaf varieties rank the second，arbor varieties with large size leaf rank the third，and bush varieties with small size leaf rank the last．The general regularity of amino acid contents is arborsmall arbor>bush．
Effects of simulated acid rain on fruit dropping and fruit quality of longan
QIU Dong-Liang, LIU Xing-Hui
2004, 12(2): 68-69.
Abstract(1103) PDF(994)
Abstract:
The effects of stimulated acid rain on the fruit-dropping and fruit quality of 8-year old longan are studied in this paper．Thc results show that the fruit dropping percentage increases significantly，while the percentage of TSS，the ratio of TSS to total acid and that of simuluble sugar to acid in the fruits reduce remarkably under the stress of simulated rain with pH≤ 3．5．The fruit appearance is damaged and the weight per fruit and edibility percentage decrease obviously in the treatment of acid with pH2.5.
Eco-physiological characteristics of winter wheat-corn intercropping systems under rainfall catchment and supplementary irrigation
CHAI Qiang, HUANG Gao-Bao
2004, 12(2): 70-72.
Abstract(1088) PDF(1016)
Abstract:
The field experiments show that supplementary irrigation can enhance the difference between the temperatures of leaf and atmosphere．The average photosynthesis rate of intercroppcd wheat and corn can be improved by 2．77％ and 24．85％ respectively than that of single planting in the whole growth stage．and it is positively correlated to the yield．Supplementary irrigation in critical stages can enhance the relative humidity in the canopy，and improve the photosynthesis rate and yield.
The effect of aquasorb and water controlling on capsicm growth and water use efficiency
FANG Feng, HUANG Zhan-Bin, YU Man-Yuan
2004, 12(2): 73-76.
Abstract(923) PDF(1026)
Abstract:
Capsicums were planted in pots and dealt with aquasorb and three levels of water controlling [100％ field capacity of soil water(FC)，75％ FC，and 50％ FC]．The results show that the application of aquasorb can obviously improve the growth and water use efficiency of capsicums The leaf area，leaf number，plant height，biomass and water use efficiency of capsicums with aquasorb treatment are prior to those of non-aquasorb treatments．At the same time，highwater supply can improve the growth of capsicums while low-water supply delays its growth rate．The data processing resuit by grey correlation analysis show that the close extents of relation among the water consume and biomass，leaf area，leaf number，plant height，dry biomass content and root crown ratio are different due to applying aquasorb or not．The relation sequence of applying aquasorb is biomass> dry biomass of stem and leaf> dry biomass of root> leaf number> plant height> leaf area> root crown ratio> dry biomass content．but the relation sequence without aquasorb is biomass> leaf number> dry biomass of stem and leaf> dry biomass of root> plant height> leaf area> dry biomass content> root crownratio.
Effect of cutting spring wheat roots on the photosynthesis and the water use efficiency
DONG Gui-Ju, LIU Wen-Zhao
2004, 12(2): 77-79.
Abstract(988) PDF(904)
Abstract:
The treatment of cutting the spring wheat roots in pot experiment shows that injuring the spring wheat rootsn1oderately in early time can boost the photosynthetic rate and promote the accumulation of the photosynthetic production，improve the water use efficiency(WUE)of spring wheat leaves，and finally increase the grain yield．However，injuring the spring wheat roots in the time of stem elonging mostly restrains the growth of the spring wheat，and the yield is decreased．
The growth developmental characteristics of late and early maturing winter wheat varieties in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain
ZHANG Zhi-Cheng, OUYANG-Hua, SUN Jiang-Hua, CHEN Fu, XU Qiang
2004, 12(2): 80-83.
Abstract(1389) PDF(1043)
Abstract:
The comparing experiment between early maturing winter wheat variety “8901-1l-14” and the variety ofTriticum aestivum L．(Heixiaomai No．1)，as well as the local planting variety“4185”，was conducted in Huang-Huai-Hal Plain during the winter wheat growing season from October of 1999 to June of 2000．The results show that Triticum Testivum aestivum L (Heixiaomai No．1)is not a suitable species for the area，while“8901-11-14”is the ideal species for its better ecological fitness concerning with its growth and developmental characteristics in the whole and the key developing time．The results suggest that the relative lesser sowing density can contribute to more harvestable spikes．
Effects of prolonging ventilation time and enriching CO2 in greenhouse on the ecologic factors and photosynthetic rate of cucumber
CUI Qing-Fa, WANG Jing
2004, 12(2): 84-85.
Abstract(1142) PDF(924)
Abstract:
The effects of prolonging ventilation time and enriching CO2 in greenhouse on the photosynthetic rate of cucumber were studied．The results show that prolonging ventilation time increases the CO2 concentration by 43．80uL／L，decreases the temperature，humidity and the leaf dew duration by 2．40℃ ，350Pa，and 2．50h／d，respectively．Prolonging ventilation time and enriching CO2 increase the average of photosynthetic rate by 1．63>umol／m2·S and 3．33umol／m2·S，respectively and increase the accumulation of the photosynthetic product．
Study on the heat potential of sequential cropping in solar greenhouse
GAO Qing-Lu
2004, 12(2): 86-87.
Abstract(1033) PDF(787)
Abstract:
The effect of increasing temperature and the heat potential of sequential cropping in,solar greenhouse were studied．The results show that the annual active accumulated temperature in．solar greenhouse is 2205．3℃ higher than that outside；four crops a year by interplanting cool-season crops with warm-season crops or by sequential planting cool-season crops，and three crops a year by sequential planting warm-season crops can be harvested in,solar greenhouse．The heat potential of the sequential cropping will be more higher if growing and transplanting seedlings are used in solar greenhouse．
The study of affecting factors of every hour temperature in large-scale self-controlled greenhouse．
WU Yuan-Zhong, YANG Qiu-Zhen, HE Fang-Fang, LI Jun
2004, 12(2): 88-91.
Abstract(1023) PDF(853)
Abstract:
The factors affecting the temperature in self-controlled greenhouse have been studied by using the regression method．In autumn and spring，the main factors include the temperature inside the house and the amount of exchanging gas in the day，the temperature outside the house and the amount of exchanging gas under the condition of opening the windows at night，and the temperature outside the house under the condition of closing the windows at night．In winter，the main factors include the light intensity Outside the house，the temperature outside the house，and pipe temperature in the day，the temperature inside the house and pipe temperature at night．Meanwhile，the changing amplitude of temperature at night is smaller than that in the day．
Competition of the light，fertilizer and water between Choerospondias axillaris trees and peanut in the red soil of low hilly land-Ⅱ．Analysis of using light energy of Choerospondias axillaris trees and peanut
GAO Guo-Zhi, WANG Ming-Zhu, ZHANG Bin
2004, 12(2): 92-94.
Abstract(914) PDF(916)
Abstract:
Agroforestry between Choerospondias axrillaris trees and peanut affects the photosynthetic active radiation(PAR)of peanut in the red soil of low hilly land and the yield and biomass of peanut are obviously reduced owing to the influence of Choerospondias axrillaris trees．Compared with single culture of peanut，the relative PAR variation of intercropping peanut by row mainly relates to the distance from tree line and that is in keeping with the trend of spatial variability on yield and biomass of peanut Both yield and biomass of peanut have a significant correlation to relative PAR．
Effect of planting Slenderstalk altingia under the canopy of sprout of Chinese fir on the soil humus and soil structure
LI Zhen-Wen
2004, 12(2): 95-97.
Abstract(920) PDF(990)
Abstract:
The soi1 humus and soil structure were observed by planting Slenderstalk ahingia under the canopy of sprout of Chinese fir on mixed stands of Chinese fir and broadleaved tree．The results indicate that the contents of soil organic matter and humus are increased，the HA／HF and E4 value of humus are raised and E4／E6 value is descended，loosely and tightly combined humus contents and its ratio are ascended and the activation of son hunms is strengthened，the soil structure and moisture properties have been improved obviously after the transformed mixed stand of Slenderstalk ahingia．
Effect of applying controlled release nitrogen fertilizer on yield enhancement of winter wheat
WANG Xin-Min, HOU Yan-Lin, JIE Xiao-Lei, TAN Jin-Fang
2004, 12(2): 98-101.
Abstract(1703) PDF(1141)
Abstract:
The field plot experiments of applying two kinds of controlled release nitrogen fertilizer (CRNF) on winter wheat were conducted，showing that the winter wheat yield and its components are improved，and the nitrogen use efficiency is elevated by a range from 2％ to 6％ under different irrigation conditions and same quantity of nitrogen．The N of two kinds of CRNF is not only abm rbed by the winter wheat but also remains more than urea in cultivate layer at harvest stage．From the economic analyses，the net gain of wheat by CRNF treatment can be increased by 1082 yuan／hm2 ，more than that by urea treatment under an appropriate irrigation condition．
Effects of a long-term located fertilization on the fertility and productivity of Shajiang Black Soil
KONG Ling-Cong, CAO Cheng-Fu, WANG Zhi-Shou, CHEN Ai-Ping, ZHANG Cun-Ling
2004, 12(2): 102-104.
Abstract(1352) PDF(1166)
Abstract:
A systematic study concerning the effects of a long term application of chemical fertilizers，organic manure separately or both of them on the soil nutrient content，basic productivity and crop yield in Shijang Black Soil was conducted．The results show that the long-term fertilization can increase the contents of,soil organic matter，available N and P．But there is a greater difference among the fertilizer combinations，the effect of the treatment applying organic manure combined with chemical fertilizers is most remarkable in several treatments，but the application of potassium must be attached importance at the same time．Only the treatment applying single organic manure can increase thc (fil available K content，the descending rate of the treatment applying chemical N and P is the fastest in all treatments．and it decreases by 25．8％during 15 years．The change of available N without fertilizers(CK)treatment is greater than that of other nutrients，being 26．5％ fewer than that of 15 years before．but other nutrients change little．The crop yield with the treatment applying organic manure combined with chemical fertilizers is lower than that with the treatment applying single chemical fertilizer in prophase，but it is higher in other phases．With the time prolonging，the basic productivity of Shajiang Black Soil is declining，and the soil supplies more nutrient for maize or soybean than wheat．
Effects of integrated fertilizer companion on the N absorption and grain yield of winter wheat
ZHU Xin-Kai, QIAN Xiao-Qing, SHENG Hai-Jun, WANG Juan-Juan, GUO Wen-Shan
2004, 12(2): 105-107.
Abstract(1679) PDF(890)
Abstract:
The study on the effects of Integrated Fertilizer Companion (IFC) on the N absorption and grain yield of wheat shows that applying IFC can increase the root weight，leaf area，chlorophyll content and dry matter amount of wheat．Simuhaneously，N absorption and its efficiency are promoted，but N yield utilization efficiency decreases．
Effect of using biogas manures on rice cultivation
HUANG Qin-Lou, WENG Bo-Qi, TANG Zu-Hua, HUANG Shun-Fu, SHAO Nai-Jin
2004, 12(2): 108-110.
Abstract(2049) PDF(998)
Abstract:
The rice varieties using biogas manures (BM ) and a few chemical fertilizer grow more slowly in the early growing season，but turn to he better in the late growing season，and more filled grains per panicle，higher full grain rate，higher 1000-grain weight can be obtained than those using chemical fertilizer or special fertilizer for rice．However，the yield has no obvious effect of increase than that using chemical fertilizer．and is 4．6％ lower than that using fertilizer special for rice During the whole rice growing season．the costs of using biogas manures are cut down 19.0％ and 42.5％than that of using chemical fertilizer and fertilizer special for rice，respectively．Furthermore，cultivating rice with biogas manures can improve the soil physicochemical characters．
Effect of applying fertilizer on nitrate accumulation in vegetables
QIU Xiao-Xuan, HUANG Dong-Feng, CAI Shun-Xiang, CHEN Feng, CAI Yuan-Cheng
2004, 12(2): 111-114.
Abstract(1660) PDF(1558)
Abstract:
The nitrate content in vegetables in Fuzhou City was studied in this experiment．The results show that the content of nitrate in vegetables are between 59．5 and 3743．1 mg／kg under the condition of common applying fertilizers．The order of nitrate content in defferent vegetables is leaf vegetable> Chinese cabbage>onion> rhizome> melon>bean>eggplant．According to the evaluation standard of WHO／FAO，the nitrate content of leaf vegetable，Chinese cabbage，and onion exceed the quota．Under the condition of applying pure nitrogen of 450 kg／hm2．85％ nitrate accumulated in vegetables comes from nitrogen fertilizers，the contributive order of different kinds of nitrogen fertilizers to nitrate accumulated in vegetables is NH4NO3>NH4HCO3>CO(NH2)2>(NH4)2SO4>NH4C1．The doses and ways of applying nitrogen fertilizers are greatly relative to nitrate accumulated in vegetables．On the one hand，the positive relations are shown on applying nitrogen fertilizers and negativity one are shown on applying dicyan diamide．At the same dose of nitrogen fertilizers applied，the nitrate accumulated in vegetables is decreased with the reducing of the amount of base manure and in crea sing of the addition manure，and applying organic fertilizers cooperated may reduce the nitrate content in vegetable．With the results of the above statements，the following countermeasures are put forward including regulating breeds of vegetable and structures of fertilizer；adding proper dicyandiamide and preventing from applying exceeding amount of nitrogen fertilizers；applying high ratio nitrogen fertilizers in early stage，and low ratio nitrogen fertilizers in middle and late stages．
Effects of different applying amounts of N fertilizer on the accumulated content of nitrate in the Chinese cabbage
GAO Yan-Ming, SUN Quan, LI Jian-She
2004, 12(2): 115-117.
Abstract(1323) PDF(1008)
Abstract:
The effects of different applying amounts of N fertilizer on the yield of Chinese cabbage and the content of accumulated nitrate in the cabbage and soil are studied in this paper．The results show that the cabbage yield and the net yield rate are increased with the increase of the application of N fertilizer．The rational applying amount of N fertilizer to the cabbage is 427．5kg／hm2．The content of nitrate is higher in outside leaves than in inner ones and it is increased with the increase of N fertilizer application．The outside leaves contain a certain amount of nitrate in low N application，but the nitrate content increases with the growth of the cabbage when the N fertilizer application is high．The nitrate kept in soils is increa sed when N fertilizer is applied．Applying higher amount of N fertilizer in a traditional cultivating practice，the low yield and net yield will be got，the ripe Season is delayed，and a quite amount of nitrate is accumulated in soil profile．Therefore，the fertilizer use efficiency is low．
Effect of fertilization on soil microbial biologic carbon in black soil
WANG Jing, XIE Hong-Tu, ZHANG Xu-Dong, ZHU Ping, WANG Lu-Ling
2004, 12(2): 118-120.
Abstract(1196) PDF(1188)
Abstract:
There are many changes in the soil microbial biologic content during the application of fertilizer in the surface of black soil for a long time．The results show that the assorted usage of nitrogen，phosphate and potassium fertilizer can keep the MBC of fallow arriving to 1．6g／kg；the assorted usage of high amount of organic and inorganic fertilizer can increase 1．96～ 2．75 times than that of fallow;a 1ong time of ertilization and cultivation results in the microbia1 biologic content(MBC)attenuation；in al1 treatments，the percent of MBC increases from bigger to smaller，being M2+NPK (+ 141．25％ ，begin in 1990)>M4+NPK(+126．88％)>M2+NPK(+ 101．25％ ，begin in 1980)> M4+ CK(+80．63％)>1．5(M1+NPK)(+13．13％)>NPK(+8．12％)，the percent of MBC decreases from smaller to bigger，being M0+NPK(-3 75％)>M1+NPK(-17．50％)>M2+CK(-30．63％)>CK(-47．50％)>M0+CK(-61．88％)．
Effects of rice based cropping system and organic manure on microbes and enzyme activities in paddy soils derived from red earth
FAN Zhou-Jin, FENG Yue-Hua, LIU Fang, ZHANG Yang-Zhu, ZOU Ying-Bin
2004, 12(2): 121-123.
Abstract(1644) PDF(1282)
Abstract:
The effects of the rice-based cropping system and organic manure on microorganisms and enzyme activity in paddy soils derived fron1 red earth were studied．The results show that the three main groups of microbes in mils and some special physiologic groups microbes are obviously affected by different cropping systems and organic manures．The enzyme activities in paddy soils derived from red earth and soil fertility Call be improved by the optimal cropping system and organic manure ．
Studies on the relationship between the activity of alkaline phosphatase in intraradical hyphae of arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi and efficiency of mycorrhizal symbiosis
FENG Hai-Yan, FENG Gu, SONG Jian-Lan, WANG Jing-Guo, LI Xiao-Lin
2004, 12(2): 124-127.
Abstract(1315) PDF(1059)
Abstract:
The effects of the activity of alkaline phosphatase in intraradical hyphae of three arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi on the growth of maize arc'studied in this paper．The results shaw that G．m and G．i inoculated treatments can significantly improve the dry weight of the maize plants，P concentration and P uptake by maize plants compared with G．spp inoculated treatment But there is no significant difh rence bctween G．m and G．i treatments At 35 days after sowing (DAS)，alkaline phosphatase(ALP)actix，ity in intraradical hyphae of G．m and G．i is significantly higher than that of G．spp．howexer no significant difference appears between G.m and G．i .The changes of alkaline phosphatase activity of G．m and G.i at the infection age show similar trends．Alkaline phosphatase activity is highest at 35 DAS，but decreases sharply from 35 to 50 DAS and then keeps stable up to 70 DAS．As far as G．spp concerned．there is a little fluctuation of alkaline phosphatase activity at infeetion age，and the enzyme activity always keeps very low．In other words，when inoculatlng arhuscular mycorrhizae fungi with high alkaline phosphataes activity(35 DAS)，the maize has a great improvement of dry weight and P nutrition．Otherwise，there is no significant effect when the maize is inoculated with arbuscularmycorrhizal fungi of low alkaline phosphatase actixrity．In conclusion，ALP activity in intraradical hyphae at 35 DAS is a useful physiology marker for predicting AM fungi effect on mycorrhizal plants．
Research on N-fixing property of bacteria with N-fixation and dissolving P function
WANG Yong-Qi, SHEN A-Lin, WANG Shou-Gang, XUE Yi-Fang
2004, 12(2): 128-130.
Abstract(1538) PDF(995)
Abstract:
The N-fixing property of 9 bacteria with N-fixation and disso lving P function was studied under the conditions of non-nitrogen，different P resources with sufficient nitrogen and their mixed ncubation．The results show that there are different N-fixation activities under the non-nitrogen condition，however，the volume of N-fixation has more dixrersity．The bacteria with the highest N-fixation amount is N5-1．reaching 55．4mg／kg and 3.l times as much as the lowest“K10-2”．When taking Ca3(PO4)2 as P resource，“K10-2”and“N17”still have an active N-fixing ability under sufficient nitrogen supplied．the increasing range of total nitrogen in the culture,solution gets to 55．2％ after 3 days incubation．The N-fixation content of“N1l”，“N12”，“P14-2”als J maintain on a higher level，the total nitrogen increases by 30％ or so．The total nitrogen of“K16”in the culture so lution has a little increase．“N5-l”,“N 13-1”and“K3”result in the volatilization loss of nitrogen These processes will be reserved when taking the ground phosphate rock as the P-re-source．Compared to the single culture，the mixed incubation on Ca3(PO4)：medium can effectively decrease N-loss of“N5-l”,“Nl3-l”,and“K3”．
Effect of multi-effects triazole(MET)on plant characters and photosynthetic efficiency of leguminous forage in initial flowering stage
FANG Jin-Mei, HUANG Yi-Bin, WENG Bo-Qi, LIU Yu-Huan, HU Zhong-Quan
2004, 12(2): 131-133.
Abstract(1200) PDF(1073)
Abstract:
The different morphologies of the slenls，leaves and legumes and the prohibition of the nutritional growth Of Chamacrista SPP occur with different consistences of MET ，but proper consistence of MET can increase the branches and legumes I'he changes of the content of chlorophyll of Chamacrista SPP'．S leaves are CPI86134 treatment<50mg／kg consistence treatment< 200mg／kg consistence treatment<100mg／kg consistence treatment，CPI92985 treatment <1O0mg／kg consistence treatment<400mg／kg consistence treatment<200mg／kg consistence treatment．The change of photosynthetic rate is the same as that in the content of chloroplyl1．Spraying MET at proper time and consistence can increase the quality and quantity and decrease the growing period and production cost of Chamacrista SPP．’S seeds．
The research advances on the crop climate suitability influenced by global warming
ZHAO Feng, Q1AN Huai-Sui
2004, 12(2): 134-137.
Abstract(1471) PDF(1421)
Abstract:
Some research methods and fundamental ideas of the global warming effects on the crop climate suitability in recent years in our country and abroad are introduced，and the conclusions of dynam ic modeling and controlled experiments are stated．Finally．several critical research directions in the assessment and forecasting in the present climate impacts are put forward．
Effect of different transplanting periods on the growth and yield of high-quality hybrid rice in the system of rice intensification
LU Shi-Hua, REN Guang-Jun, ZENG Xiang-Zhong, LIU Xue-Jun, ZHANG Fu-Suo
2004, 12(2): 138-139.
Abstract(869) PDF(984)
Abstract:
The effects of different transplanting periods on the growth and yield of high-quality hybrid rice in the system of rice intensification(SRI)are studied in this paper．The results show that the early transplantation of the rice seedling can improve the numbers of the tiller at lower position and then prompt the formation of big spike．The combination of this technique with rarely planting method can produce more tillers and more available spikes and achieve the aim of high yield．The experiment proves that the system of rice intensification saves not only the rice seeds but also labors．
The increasing yield effects of degradable plastic film mulching on the cottons
DAI Jing, CHEN Rong-Lai, LI Guo-Jun
2004, 12(2): 140-142.
Abstract(1635) PDF(1320)
Abstract:
Mulched with plastic film on the transplanted cottons．the soil temperature in 5cm depth is 0．1～2．98℃ higher than that of unmulched transplanted cottons， the cotton plants grow faster，and the cotton yield is increa sed by 1 1．59％ ～ 1 8．3 1％ ．Before degradable plastic film degrades，the increasing value of soil temperature，which is mulched with double-degradable plastic film and photo-degradable plastic film ，is less higher than that mulched with common plastic film ，and it is higher in sunny days than that in cloudy and rainy days．After the inducing period，the two kinds of degradable plastic film can divided into small pieces，the double-degradable plastic film degrades earlier and faster than another．In the cotton production practice，the common plastic film should be replaced by degradable plastic film ，but the interrelated cultural techniques must be formed．
The economic benefit of planting spring-corn in rice field and its efficient technique for system coupling
LIU Jian
2004, 12(2): 143-145.
Abstract(921) PDF(844)
Abstract:
According to the results of long-located experiments from 1990 to 2000，the comparison between wheat-corn-rice pattern of planting spring-corn in rice field and the conventional wheat-rice pattern was studied．The yield of the wheat-corn-rice pattern is 14254kg／hm2，increasing by 17．69％；the organic energy，the inorganic energy，and the total energy increase by 3．54％，8．37％ and 7．90％ ，respectively，the energy output ofgrain and biomass increase by 16．99％ and 15．12％ ，and it has the higher energy output：input value；the surplus rates of N ，P2O5，and K2O increase，in the soil organic matter balance many surpluses exists，and the surplus rate is 81．18％;the increa sed net profit ratio is 22．42％ and the marginal benefit-cost ratio is 3．33．Efficient techniques for system coupling of planting spring-corn in rice field include that the winter and spring can be freed，and the wheat can be changed to the economic crops；spring-corn adopts the cuhivation techniques of plastic film covered at two stages，the agronomic measures for spring corn with yield more than 8250kg／hm2 are 7920～8990 plant／hm2 in planting density．with the 288．6～352．4kg／hm2 N fertilizer application and by the treatment of 304．6～498．0 mg／kg Eth at the 11～12 leaf age of the plants；late double-cropped rice adopts the cultivationtechniques of dry-raising seedlings in plastic tray and cast-transplanting，the agronomic measures for the rice with yield more than 7500 kg／hm2 are planting strong and long seedlings aging more than 35d(2．25～2．4 million plant／hm2 of basic seeding with the 225～255kg／hm2 N fertilizer application)．
Ecological effect of subsoiling high stubble on the winter wheat in sloping land of western Henan
WANG Yu-Hong, YAO Yu-Qing, LU Jun-Jie, HUANG Jiang-Tao, ZHANG Jic
2004, 12(2): 146-148.
Abstract(1310) PDF(1082)
Abstract:
The study on a long-term test of fixed position in the hill and dry sloping land shows that the conversation tillage technology of submiling high stubble has the advantages of preserving soil moisture，avoiding the loss of soil and water，improving the soil structure and controlling the weed growth．And it also has the biological effects，such as accelerating the growth of winter wheat and increasing of the crop yield．Compared with the tradition tillage，it can increase the yield by703．6kg／hm2，the average increase rate is 18．8％ in two years；the water use efficiency by 1．9kg／hm2mm，the increaserate is 16．8％.
Study on conveyance technologies of highyield cultivation without environmental pollution of rice
LI Bao-Tong, SHI Qing-Hua, FANG Jia-Hai, YIN Feng, XIAO Dong-Hua
2004, 12(2): 149-151.
Abstract(1056) PDF(1034)
Abstract:
The used quantities of seeds，fertilizers and pesticides were decreased，the production cost was reduced by 285 yuan and the incomes from paddy were increased by 1667 yuan per hectare in the demonstrative area of prod uction without environmental pollution of rice by a series of conveyance technologies of gymnastic cultivation of rice，using farm manure，organic manure for a special purpose of rice，applying pesticides without environmental pollution and agricultural methods，using chemical pesticides of high efficiency，low toxicity and lower residue of limited quantity against diseases，insect pests and weeds at necessary time．The residues of poisonous pes ticides，heavy metal and other indexes in rice are lower than the health targets of green food．Their natural enemies such as spiders and others should be increased in paddy fields．
The benefit of soil and water conservation of Eulaliopsis binata
HUANG Yu, ZOU Dong-Sheng, WANG Hua
2004, 12(2): 152-154.
Abstract(1433) PDF(994)
Abstract:
The study on the benefit of soi1 and water conservation of Eulaliopsis binata was conducted，showing that compared with the barren land，the plantation of Eulaliopsis binata decreases the soil bulk density by 0．13g／cm3，increases the total soil porosity by 4．9％．raises the water-holding capacity of soil by 14．9％，reduces the soil erosion amount by 472．7 t／km3．So,the economical and ecological benefits of Eulaliopsis binata planted in slope wasteland are remarkable．
Eco-effect of Humulus scandus in the control of sloping wasteland in gully area
LIU Sheng-Rong, ZHANG Hal, LI Bao-Lai, JIA Tao
2004, 12(2): 155-154.
Abstract(1482) PDF(1039)
Abstract:
The deposition model of biological and engineering measures and eco-effect of Humulus scandus are preliminarily studied for sloping wasteland control in this paper．The results show that the Humulus scandus has high vigorous adaptability and is one of the good pioneering grasses for sloping wasteland control.In combination with the trees，the grass has a great efficiency on water and soil conservation and is favorable for．sapling growth also．
Variation features of micro-waterlogged topographic and ecological agriculture models in Jianghan Plain
LIU Zhang-Yong, CHEN Fu
2004, 12(2): 155-160.
Abstract(1135) PDF(1193)
Abstract:
This paper analyzes the reason of forming waterlogged disaster and 6 variation features of micro-waterlogged region in Jianhan Plain．The land type of micro-waterlogged region in Jianghan Plain is classified to 6 kinds according to the differences of the micro-landforms and waterlogged disaster situation．A lot of ecological agricultural models are put out respectively in the lowland similar to plate shape，according to the different altitudes，named respectix ely water circle，flooded circle，waterlogged circle，dry field circle and courtyard circle．
Saline-alkali land management and countermeasures of sustainable agricultural development in Songnen Plain
WANG Zhi-Chun, LI Qu-Sheng, LI Xiu-Jun, SONG Chang-Chun, ZHANG Guang-Xin
2004, 12(2): 161-163.
Abstract(1283) PDF(1419)
Abstract:
The current situation of resources and the new technologies of management of saline-alkali land are introduced in this paper．And the countermeasures of management of the saline-alkali land are put forward such as planting rice on saline-alkali waterlogged lowland，reclaiming the low output dry land in saline-alkali land，restoring the saline-alkali grassland，nursing the saline-alkali wet land，developing fishery in the saline-alkali lakes ．
Study on the typical model of eco-agriculture in Fujian Province
HE Hua-Qin, XIAO Zhi-Liang, LIANG Yi-Yuan, LIANG Kang-Jing, LIN Wen-Xiong
2004, 12(2): 164-166.
Abstract(1064) PDF(1059)
Abstract:
The status of agricultural eco-environment in Fujian Province are stated in this paper．And the characteristics and benefits of 5 typical eco-agriculture models are analyzed．The 5 typical mod els include“livestock-biogas-fruit-fish model”，“fruit-gmss-herd-bacteria-biogas model”，“garden economy in South China model”，“eco-engineering of organic food development model”．and “comprehensive management and utilization of waste and discard material model”．Finally the developmental suggestions in eco-agricultural construction are put forward．
Study on the pattern of high benefit and special ecological agriculture in Kant Area-A case study from Fengshan County，Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region
CHEN Cheng-Bin, LIANG Shi-Chun, PENG Hong-Xiang, HUANG Juan, XU Zhi-]Jan
2004, 12(2): 167-168.
Abstract(1317) PDF(1070)
Abstract:
The article introduces the experiences of developing the high benefit and special ecological agriculture in Fengshan County of Karst Area．It includes strengthening the construction of the farm base situations such as field reserve water pool，methane-generating pit and small river valley，etc．and positively introducing new varieties，developing special anireal and plant germplasm resources，setting up the new sustainable development patterns of high benefit and special ecological agriculture in Karst Areas．
Ethics of sustainable land use
CHEN Li-Gen, GUO Li-Fang
2004, 12(2): 169-171.
Abstract(851) PDF(1065)
Abstract:
The ethics of sustainable land use indwells in the relationships between“man and land”and between“man and man ”． It is an important complementary means for the economic，legal and administrative management of the sustainable land use．Any the action of land use should follow the ecological benefit，economical benefit and social benefit．In pursuit of the land use ethics，the three benefits can be enhanced and the land resource can be promoted to be sustainable used．The idea of the land use ethics is a conjunctive result from the ecological ethics，economical ethics and,social ethics in the land use．Its achievement depends on penetration of the ecological idea through all social and economical actions．
Study on the status of agricultural non-pointing source(NPS)pollution in Three-Gorges Area and its control countermeasures
LIU Guang-De, ZHAO Zhong-Jin, LI Qi-Lin
2004, 12(2): 172-175.
Abstract(1439) PDF(1091)
Abstract:
The status and causation of the agricultural non-pointing source pollution in the Three-Gorges Area are stated in this paper．In order to control the pollution，the strategy of agricultural development must be adjusted，which includes establishing the prevenient warning monitor net system ，founding the sustainable development eco-agricultural models，bringing the agricultural produce into standardization，cleanness and free-contaminate，building the biological isolation belt in the bank of the Three-Gorges Area，as well as continuing to strength the legislation of agricultural environment protection．
Economic loss evaluation of agricultural environmental pollution from wastewater irrigation in Hebei Province
WU Di-Mei, ZHANG Cong, MENG Fan-Qiao
2004, 12(2): 176-179.
Abstract(1927) PDF(2021)
Abstract:
Taking a case study from Hebei Province．the economic loss from soil pollution，ground water pollution，crop pollution and health damage caused by sewage irrigation is evaluated by using the market value method，labor cost method．and engineering expenditure method． The results show that the total economic loss from environmental pollution caused by wastewater irrigation is 737 million yuan．which is 0．87％ of total agricultural output．The economic loss from health damage takes 95．3％ of total loss．So the environmental pollution from wastewater irrigation should be regarded enough．
The calculation and assessment to the values of air purification by vegetation in Xi’an City
MA Xin-Hui, REN Zhi-Yuan, SUN Gen-Nian
2004, 12(2): 180-182.
Abstract(1557) PDF(1529)
Abstract:
The matter quantities and the value of air purification by vegetation in Xi'an City are estimated．The results show that the total value of air parification by vegetation is 3426．356 million yuan per year．which is 6％ of GDP of Xi’an in 1999；the value of fixing CO2 and releasing O2 is 2718．309 million yuan per year，the value of absorbing the three pollutants，SO2、HF、NOx，is 182．896 million yuan per year，the value of dust retention is 182．511 million yuan per year，the value of sterilization is 342．640 million yuan per year．Using the function of overlaying analysis on Maplnfo 6．0，the statistical results of each cantonal are gained．
Bio-pulping comparison between sterilized and unsterilized Eulaliopsis binata
LIU Xiang-Hua, ZOU Dong-Sheng, LIU Zheng-Chu
2004, 12(2): 183-184.
Abstract(1493) PDF(951)
Abstract:
Yhe growing law of the microorganisms and the rhamnose variation in the fermenting course of sterilized and unsterilized Eulaliopsis binata show that the general growing law of non-cellulose decomposing series bacteria of Eulaliopsis binata，T85-260 complies with that of the microorganisms and is not affected by other factors in fermenting process；rhaninose content continues to increase before the complete separation of fiber until 0．35 g／L or so；the fermenting process of sterilized Eulaliopsis binata is a little longer；there is no need to sterilize Eulaliopsis Binata，tap water，equipment，etc．in the course of biopulping．

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