中国生态农业学报(中英文)

Institution innovation for realizing sustainable development-Formulating green accounting institutions

WU Yu-Ping, DONG Suo-Cheng, XU Min-Ying

2002, 10(3): 1-4.

Abstract(1264) PDF(1075)

Abstract:
From micro-economics and institution economics，the paper discusses the economic Causes of realizing sustainable development，analyses the institutional causes of ecoenvironmental problems，and proposes institution innovation point of realizing optimum allocation of ecoenvironment resources-formulating green accounting institutions.

Biodiversity and eco-agriculture

FENG Yao-Zong

2002, 10(3): 5-7.

Abstract(1692) PDF(1219)

Abstract:
Based on the experiments conducted in Yunnan in the last several decades and some other studies in the world，this article deals with the relationship between biodiversity and eco-agriculture．It is shown that the biodiversity has significandy revealed many functions，such as productivity，stability and pest occurrence，etc. of the ecosystems in agriculture．Therefore，the biodiversity is of apparent significance in eco-agiculture and sustainable development of agriculture．

Study on the spatial pattern of major populations in the needle and broad-leaved mixed evergreen forest in Niumulin Nature Reserve Zone of Fujian Province

LI Yu-Hong, YAN Zhong-Ling

2002, 10(3): 8-10.

Abstract(1207) PDF(1023)

Abstract:
Based on variance-mean ratio，x²-test，cluster-intensity coefficient，quadrat variance method，etc．，the spatial pattern of major tree populations from Pinus massonina+Castanopsis larnontii community(needle and broad-leaved mixed evergreen forest)in Niunm lin Nature Reserve Zone of Fujian Province was studied，showing that the populations of Pinus massonina ，Castanopsis lamontii，Cinnamomum austros and Schima superba distribute randomly；the populations of Castanopsis carlesii，Lithocarpus oleaeJblius and Machilus veltina have a pattern of clump distribution respectively．The analysis of pattern intensity indicates that the intensity of three clumped distribution population is lower．The comparison shows that the order of their intensities is Castanopsis carlesii population> Lithocarpus oleaefolius population> Machilus veltina population．In the research，there is a prediction that the populations of clumped distribution should be constructive populations of the community in the future．

Study on population dynamics of Chinese fir and its associated tree species in natural Chinese fir-and-broad-leaved mixed forest in Northwest Fujian

CAO Guang-Qiu, LIN Si-Zu, HUANG Shi-Guo

2002, 10(3): 11-13.

Abstract(1182) PDF(933)

Abstract:
Survivorsship data of tree class，size-survivorship curves and quantitative dynamics are used to analyze population dynamics of Cunninghamia lanceolata,Schima superba and Castanopsis rgesii in natural Chinese fir-and-broad-leaved mixed forest.The resuhs show that as the result of complete tree class．populations of Srhinla superba and Castanopsis fargesii belong to ripe populations；because of many seedlings and small sapling under canopy，populations of Schirna superba and Castanopsis fhrgesii also belong to increasing populations；because of complete tree classes，and seldom seedlings and small sapling under canopy，population of Cunninghamia lanceolata belongs to a ripe population and a declining population．

Appraisal on the comprehensive effect of forest park-A case study from Wenzhou Chashan Forest Park

SHAN Sheng-Dao, Wu Ci-Fang

2002, 10(3): 14-16.

Abstract(915) PDF(1008)

Abstract:
The comprehensive effect of the forest park has the characteristics of being obvious，belonging to quasi-public-goods and having indefinite market price．Four ways that often appraise the comprehensive effect of the forest park are the environment-effect method．the income-loss method．the traveling cost method and the condition-valuation method．According to characteristics of Chashan Forest Park．its main functions and the limitations of the collected data．the appraisal choose 10 indexes．The economic effect is 18.5 percent of the comprehensive effect of the Chashan Forest Park．Owing to the overflowed effect，81.5 percent of the comprehensive effect turns into external effect.

Study on the relationship between the soil nutrient elements and the apple fruit quality of the newly reclaimed apple orchard in Taihang mountain gneiss area

LI Bao-Guo, QI Guo-Hui, GUO Su-Ping, LI Hui-Zhuo, ZHANG Lin-Ping

2002, 10(3): 17-20.

Abstract(1132) PDF(914)

Abstract:
The relationship between the soil nutrient elements and the Fuji apple fruit quality of the newly reclaimed apple orchard in Taihang mountain gneiss area was studied in Gangdi Village，Neiqiu County，Hebei Province in 1998 and 1999.The results show that in this kind of soil，the contents of total N ，P and K are abundant．available N ，P are below medium,Ca，Zn are insufficient.Under the interaction of nutrient elements，the main elements that affect the inner quality of fruit are Fe and available K ，the next are Zn and total P To produce high quality apple fruit，the contents of available N ，P and K are 3O～127mg／kg，l8～107mg／kg and 50～164mg／kg respectively in the upper soil layer，and the suitable proportion of available N ．P．K in soll is l：0．8：1．4.

A study on distribution law of microclimate factors in poplar-crop intercropping system

YUAN Yu-Xin, JIA Yu-Bin, SHAO Ji-Xiang, WEI Hong-Xia, FENG Chang-Hong

2002, 10(3): 21-23.

Abstract(1195) PDF(827)

Abstract:
The study on poplar-crop intercropping systems shows that the farm microclimate factors have a great variance because of poplar planted in farmland,of which the solar radiation density,wind speed and air relative humidity are the most and the formers two decrease and the latter increases evidently as well.Thesolar radiation at different points among rows(the points under tree crown,out of tree crown and in the middle of rows)varies with intercropping year and tree spacing.The sunshade of young trees with smaller spacing is 31.5%～45.6%,with an average of 31.5%;but that of mature stands with bigger spacing is 7.4%～54.3%,with an average of 18.1%. The other factors,however,have smaller variance among rows and have little relation with intercropping spacing(10～56m)and years(4～14year).

Assessment of the feasibility of cultivated fruit trees using station freezing index

CAI Wen-Hua, ZHANG Xing, CHEN Hui

2002, 10(3): 24-26.

Abstract(1024) PDF(856)

Abstract:
Planting the ccononlle fruit trees in tropical and subtropical areas，the lower temperature is a restricted factor Based on annual extreme temperature data from 1950 to 1999 in Fujian，the relation was analyzed between annum extreme tenmperature and fruit trees danlage，and the fruit trees damage was dixrided into 5 ranks First the number of fruit damage was cuunted in every ranks，then the station freezing index(SFI)was calculated，Based on statistics analysis，using SFI，assessment of the fruit trees cultivated feasibility was good.

Metabolic changes during low temperature induced dormancy release in ‘NJ72’nectarine(Prunus persica L．Batsch)

LI Xian-Li, YAN Tian-Li, GA0 Dong-Sheng, YUAN Zhi-You

2002, 10(3): 27-29.

Abstract(1330) PDF(1129)

Abstract:
From mid-Oct to mid-Feb,2-year old potted ‘NJ72’nectarine(Prunus persica L.Batsch)was transferred at certain interxrals from field to the growth chamber at 25℃ to determine the end of bud dormancy． The results show that bud dormancy of‘NJ72’is broken by mid-Jen.The process of the onset of dormancy differs greatly among the leaf and f1ower buds．The intensity,of dormancy is lower in the flower buds compared to that in the leaf buds．In flower buds of peaches treated with low temperature，endogenous peroxide content increases soon after treatment． Catalase activity is shown to increase significantly during chilling and coincides with the increase of the activity of peroxidase and superoxide dismutasc Accumulation of peroxide is accompanied with an increase of peroxidase activity，probably due to substrate adaptability The rate of respiration of flower buds increases at low temperature during dormancy，among which the rate of the pentose phosphate pathway is also increased．while the rate of the embden-meyerhof pathway decreases and the rate of tricarboxlic acid cycle changes little Concomitantly，glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity increases at low temperature during dormanty.

Analysis on organic nutrient of kernels of two Ginkgo cultivars

JIANG Ru-Lan, WANG Ying-Qiang, LIANG Hong, LIU Wei-Liang, XU Teng-Shuang

2002, 10(3): 30-32.

Abstract(1268) PDF(841)

Abstract:
Organic nutrients of kernels of two Ginkgo cultivars，Foshou and Yuanzi，from several origins of Guangdong Province are analyzed Results show that at the same origin，the nutritional indices of different cultivars are different while the nutritional indices of the same cultivars from different origins are different too．Thus it is deduced that the characteristics of Guangdong Ginkgo seeds are decided by variety feature and ecological condition commonly．

Metabolism and action of plant growth regulators during ripening and storage of firethorn fruit

XIE Jin-Feng, WANG San-Gen, HUANG run, Ll Dao-Gao

2002, 10(3): 33-36.

Abstract(1183) PDF(922)

Abstract:
The firethorn(Pyracantka Roem)fruits were sprayed with 80mg／L gibberellic acids(GA₃)and 50mg／kg 6-benzyladenine(6-BA)two months before harvest or after harvest．The changes of respiratory rate，peroxidase，catalase，polyphenol oxidase，ascorbic acid oxidase and their nutritional components were investigated．The results showed that GA₃ treatment before harvest induced the increase of respiratory rate and catalase activity，and the soluble sugar，free amino acids significantly increased while the pectin and total acids significantly decreased．If 6-BA was sprayed，the respiratory rate decreased，polyphenol oxidasc activity increased，the content of soluble sugar fell but the storage life was prolonged without any significant effect on quality of the fruit When GA₃ alld 6-BA were used to treat the fruits after harvest，the treatment of 6-BA slightly increased the respiratory rate and kept much more,soluble sugar and vitamin C than the control one．Both (GA₃ and 6-BA treatments had not significant effect on the storage life．

Ecological efficiency of pear fruits bagged to main pests and diseases

ZHANG Shu-Lian, CHEN Zhi-Jie, ZHANG Feng, LEI Hong

2002, 10(3): 37-40.

Abstract(1388) PDF(1064)

Abstract:
The research shows that there are 2l species of main pear pests and diseases．Percentage of damage reaches to 20％～ 50％ per year Using pear bagging，the control efficiency of borers and fruit sucking moths reaches to 100％ and those of pear scal，leack apot disease，wheel vein disease，pentomid lags and pear psyllids all reach to 90％．After pear bagging，the changes of temperature and humidity are little，liotope is steady，pear fruits avoid any other badly environmental sumuladon Physiological diseases such as pear rust，water rust，etc．are alleviated evidently．Frequency and quantity of pesticide are reduced by more than 70％．Fruit surfaces are smooth．fruit color is light．fruit dots are little and superficial It is a new way to produce the excellent green pear fruits．

The ecological environment of Mazongling Nature Reserve Zone in Dabieshan and the conservation of rare and endangered plants

LIU Peng

2002, 10(3): 41-43.

Abstract(947) PDF(959)

Abstract:
Mazongling Nature Reserve Zone is situated in the core area of northern slope of Dabieshan Mountains．The composition of species and the distribution of raye and endangered plants are discussed and the present situation of ecological environment in Mazongling is evaluated in this paper．On the basis of the maincause of ecological environment deteriorating，several suggestion and measures of conservation on the rare and endangered plants of Mazongling are proposed．

Climatic productivity of forage grass and its restricting factors in north region of China

GUO Jian-Ping, GAO Su-Hua, LIU Ling

2002, 10(3): 44-46.

Abstract(1345) PDF(1015)

Abstract:
The climatic productivity of forage grass is calculated and the main restricting factors of impacting the climatic productivity are analyzed in north region of China The results show that the distribution tendency is decreasing gradually from east to west and from muth to north．The lowest value is smaller than 2000kg／hm²，but the highest value is higher than 30000kg／hm² The difference between the highest and the lowest is more than 15 times．Drought is the main climatic factor to influence the forage grass growth．So，developing artificial pastureland has a good prospect In the cropland shifting for tree planting，we have to put the water resource from cropland shifting into stock-raising (forest)to guarantee stock-raising(forest)production to be sustainable，high effective and stably developed．

Simulation study on the extinction coefficient of winter wheat in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain of China

LIU Jian-Dong, YU Qiang, LIU Chang-Ming

2002, 10(3): 47-50.

Abstract(1581) PDF(904)

Abstract:
Based on the data measured with Licor-188B radiation-quantum-illum-ination analyzer， a numerical model to simulate the extinction coefficient of winter wheat canopy was established．Validation of the model showed that the model could simulate extinction coefficient fairly well with higher significant levels．Numerical analysis with the model suggest that the extinction coefficient of direct solar radiation is much higher than that of scattered radiation．The daily extinction coefficients of winter wheat canopy are enhanced with latitude increasing with a variation from 0.6865 to 0.6969 in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain of China in heading stage．

Effects of water status and temperature on leaf water energy state

LIU Xiao-Hong, ZHAO Liang-Ju, WANG Guo-Dong

2002, 10(3): 51-54.

Abstract(1467) PDF(990)

Abstract:
Investigation on the effects of temperature and water stress on leaf water and osmotic potentials of spring wheat and maize was conducted under the condition of laboratory．The results show that at a fixed temperature．the leaf water potentials are down in trend with soil water potential decreasing；at the same soil potential，the leaf water potentials down in trend with temperature increasing．When the temperature rises and the water stress becomes bigger，the leaf osmotic potentials show down first and then up．Though the comparison between leaf water and osmotic potentials changes，the accommodation osmotic power of wheat are higher than that of maize．From the idea of energy，crops grow best at 27℃ by analysis of △G、△S、△H.

Study on characteristics of soil moisture and its use efficiency in dryland wheat in the loess tableland

LIA0 Yun-Cheng, HAN Si-Ming, WEN Xiao-Xia

2002, 10(3): 55-58.

Abstract(1672) PDF(1207)

Abstract:
Annual precipitation in the tableland of the northern Qian County during the years of 1987-2000 can be divided into three types：plenty of rainfall，normal and dry However，drought and rainfall deficiency are the main characters during this period of time The restoring period of soil moisture is in summer fallow time，while its consumption and losing period is during the growth of wheat and the soil moisture in 0～2m soil layer declines to the minimum of the whole year in harvest time Wheat yield has a direct correlation with moisture consum ption in the field and water use efficiency，while it has a negative correlation with water use coefficient．

Advancement in physioecological studies on yield formation in rice(Oryza sativa L．)

LIANG Kang-Jing, WANG Xue-Ren, LIN Wen-Xiong, CHEN Zhi-Xiong, LI Ya-Juan

2002, 10(3): 59-61.

Abstract(1081) PDF(1583)

Abstract:
A progress on physioecology for yield formation in rice is summarized，including yield components，photosynthetic production and source-sink characteristics．The characteristics of the three aspects and their network relation during the process of yield formation are analyzed Meanwhile，the yield formation in rice is a dynamic process and the ultimate expression of yield traits is depended on the expression，regulation and interaction of numerous genes during the developmental process．The perspective of further research on yield formation in rice is proposed，with the application of the theory and methods of modern developmental genetics and molecular ecology．

Resistance of high quality wheat variety ‘Xiaoyan 54’to environmental stress and diseases in south of Henan Province

LIU Quan-You, TONG Yi-Ping

2002, 10(3): 62-64.

Abstract(946) PDF(962)

Abstract:
‘Xiaoyan 54’was introduced into the south of Henan Province in 1997，and now is grown widely in this area．Investigation on four-year cultivation indicates that‘Xiaoyan 54’has high resistance to freezing，drought，waterlogging stress，and diseases and has high grain yield．We have studied the root morphology，characters of functional leaves and nutrient using efficiencies of‘Xiaoyan 54’．The results suggest that the high resistance of‘Xiaoyan 54’to environmental stresses relates with its powerful root system ，erect flag leaf，and the resistance to lodge．

Effect of different ecological environment on quality in high-quality millet

ZHAO Hai-Yun, CHEN Ji-Fu, WANG Hong-Li, YANG Cheng-Yuan, WANG Jing-Hua

2002, 10(3): 65-67.

Abstract(848) PDF(802)

Abstract:
High’quality millet‘Jingu-21’planted in three different ecological regions，shows that the indexes of nutrition and platable quality are changing between Grade 1 and Grade 2 of high quality millet Its important paste parameters show that the stick nature of original variety of platable quality is kept In the same ecological region，the main elements and regulations to affect millet quality are more precipitation，topper elevation，longer fertile stage，more organic P fertilizer．Then its quality is higher，millet’s color yellower，platable nature better．The best ecological environment to plant Grade l high quality millet is that the precipitation is 200mm from July to Sept．，the elevation is above 1200m ，satisfied the normal fertile stage of variety is satisfied，sheep fertilizer is applied at 30m³／hm²，N fertilizer is forbidden to applied singly．

Effect of mulch and shade on physiological and biological characteristics of ginger growing in field

WANG Shao-Hui, ZHANG Zhen-Xian

2002, 10(3): 68-69.

Abstract(1213) PDF(857)

Abstract:
Two years’experiments show that both the mulch with wheat shoot and the shade with corn shoot can improve the soil moisture by about 2.4％～ 4.0％．at the same time decrease the soil temperature by 2.1～3.3C ．Compared with the shade，the mulch with wheat shoot can make the plant stronger and shorter，the shoot and leaf thicker，shoot number and leaf number higher，stomata density lower but stomata aperture bigger，the net photosynthesis-rate and NR activity higher，and yield increase．

Research on character of physiology and biochemistry and salt-tolerance of wolfberry in Ochr-Sierozems soil of Ningxia

XU Xing, ZHENG Guo-Qi, ZHOU Tao, HUI Hong-Xia

2002, 10(3): 70-73.

Abstract(1238) PDF(1301)

Abstract:
On the basis of pot-experiment of controlled salinity and field-experiment of different salinity，the character of salt-tolerance and the effects of soil salinity to physiology and biochemistry of wolfberry，the index of salt-tolerance and change of physiology and biochemistry were studied．

Studies on myceliai respiration of several kinds of Edible Fungi

GUO Jia-Xuan, ZHAO Yong-Hou, SHEN Yuan-Yue

2002, 10(3): 74-75.

Abstract(1115) PDF(1047)

Abstract:
The mycelial respiration of several kinds of edible fungi was studied by employing close-road experimental equipment It was proved in our experiment that at low concentration，the CO₂ emission rate of all edible fungi were relarive higher，the order of CO₂ emission rate from high to low was Volvariella volvacea，Flammulina velutipes，Pleurotus ostreatus，Hericium erinaceus，Ganoderma lucidum and Grifola frondosa．The CO₂ ernission rate decreased at high concentration because the mycelial respiration rate was distinctly inhibited．With the same period the CO₂，emission rate of Grifola frondosa was the lowest among all edible fungi studied．

Effect of temperature on the development,survival and fecundity of Spodoptera litura Fabricius

QIN Hou-Guo, YE Zheng-Xiang, DING Jian, HUANG Shui-Jin, LUO Ren-Hua

2002, 10(3): 76-79.

Abstract(1078) PDF(1744)

Abstract:
Instars number of larvae，the development，survival rate and fecundity of laboratory population of Spodoptera litura F．under various temperatures on a cabbage diet are studied．The results show that the numbers of larvae over 7 instars are 55.4％，41.2％，21.3％，16.6％，14.3％ at the constant temperature of 15℃ ，19℃ ，24℃ ，29℃ ，34℃ ，respectively The development threshold temperatures for egg，larvae，prepupae，pupae，precede period of egg oviposition are 11.52±1.78℃ ，11.97±0.91℃ ，12.52± 1.22℃ ，11.47±0.92℃ ，10.59±2.65℃ ，respectively．Their effective accumulated temperatures are 56.75℃ ／d，224.06℃ ／d，28.65℃ ／d，153.33℃ ／d，41.18℃ ／d，respectively．The development critical maximum temperatures are 38.2820℃ ，38.8766℃ ，39.5080℃ ，39.5403℃ ，37.4907℃ ，respectively The development critical minimum temperatures are 4.9509℃ ，4.8974℃，4.7435℃，4.7430℃,4.6471℃，respectively The most suitable temperatures are 23.0702℃ ，22 .0024℃ ，25.6765℃ ，26.5453℃ ，23.2649℃ ，respectively．The effect of temperature on the rate of each development stage and fecundity of female is significant．The survival rate of each development stage and fecundity of female increases with temperature as parabola．

Sulfur behavior in soil and atmosphere environment and its effect on plants

CUI Yan-Shan, WANG Qing-Ren

2002, 10(3): 80-82.

Abstract(942) PDF(1211)

Abstract:
The paper mainly deals with the sulfur contents and its dominant in soils and the yield effects with sulfur fertilizer applied in agro-ecosystems．The major sources and behaviors of sulfur-contained compounds in the atmosphere，the compensatory effects with its optimal concentration and some damages to plants with its excessive contents are discussed as wel1．It has clearly indicated that soil sulfur contents vary with locations and．soil types and the availability of sulfur to plants differs with sulfur status，and some differences in sulfur requirements among plant species also exist．However，sulfur in the atmospheric environment mainly comes from nature resource，e．g．volcanic eruption and anthropogenic one releasing from fossil fuel(coal with high sulfur content)．Exchange and some balance of sulfur between the atmosphere and plant ecosystem occur actually， A certain concentration of atmospheric sulfur can provide some supplementary sulfur for plant growth，but an excessive amount must be harmful to the normal growth of plant and it’s physiological aspects．

Output response to fertilization development in rice cropping

XIE Xiao-Li, ZHOU Wei-Jun, WANG Kai-Rong

2002, 10(3): 83-85.

Abstract(887) PDF(870)

Abstract:
Fertilization was control instrument of productivity of cropland system ．Simulation of ten kinds of fertilization systems of rice cropping shows that the fertilizing progress can double the biomass and increase the paddy by 83％．N utrient in the system contributes 57．9％ of the output． the contributions of fertilizing are as follows：N is 20．4％，NP 30．8％．NK 32.8％．NPK 61．3％ and combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers 82.7％ respectively．Nature conductivity is 1／4 of the system conductivity or so．Petrochemical agriculture can maintain the conductivity in a period of time at the condition of nutrient balance and the conductivities of inorganic transform to organic and the nutrient inner circulation in the system have favorable output and the impact on system stabilization．The combination of organic-inorganic can not only improve the conductivity but also the potential conductivity of the fertilizing combination，the benefit of fertilization declines after some degrees of fertilization．Accompanying by fertilizing progress,improving the management is also important．

Study on the annual balance application of nitrogen fertilizer in the system of wheat relay intercropped with corn and peanut

KOU Chang-Lin, WANG Yong-Qi

2002, 10(3): 86-89.

Abstract(1047) PDF(997)

Abstract:
By adopting the double optimal value method，the annual optimal amount of nitrogen fertilizer and the ratio of nitrogen fertilizer distributed among crops in the system of wheat relay intercropping with corn and peanut is studied in sandy soi1．The results show that the annual optimal total amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied in this system is 311．1 kg／hm² and the suitable distributive proportion of the fertilizer is 33．7：35．1：31．2 among the three crops．It indicates that the applying amounts are 104.8 kg／hm² ，27.3kg／hm² and 72．8kg／hm² in natural area for wheat，corn and peanut respectively．and the annual amount fertilized is 204．9kg／hm² per natural hectare Though it decreases by 29．9％ eompared with the rate determined by conventional fertilization for each so1e crop．the yields of wheat．corn and peanut and total yield gained increase by 9．3％,3．7％ ,4．8％ and 6．3％ respectively．

A long-time study on the effect and balance of potassium

SUO Dong-Rang, WANG Tuo-He, LI Duo-Zhong

2002, 10(3): 90-92.

Abstract(1223) PDF(1016)

Abstract:
4-year experinlents on strip fields showed that the crop’s yield was improved by l7.0％～20.3％ after adding potassium fertilizer，and the effective time of potassium was delayed when the manure was applied．The results of 18-year rotating experiments show that the potassium applied in soils can satisfy the crop need of 2 rotation periods(3 years per rotation)and the increased yield up to 10.3％～30.7% appears from the third to six rotations．There is a positive correIation between the potassium effect and experimental process. Each year． the potassium in soils decreases by 135.0～335．5kg／hm² when the manure is applied，decreases by 97．4～335．7kg／hm² when the chemical potassium is added，and reduces by 76.5～268.0kg／hm² when both are applied mixedly The average available potassium in soils declines 2．6～17mg／kg per year when continuous plantation is done without potassium and decreases by 7.5mg／kg in strip-field but merely increased in rotated field The mixed application of chemical potassium and manure can improve the available effect of potassium in soils． The decreasing rate of slow effective K is 6．5～ 8．2 times of fast effective potassium ．

Influence of sludge and bacterial sludge on microorganism system in farmland soil

ZHOU Yah-Min, LIU Zhe-Ren, QIANG Jian-Hua, LI Bin-Xu, LIU Bo

2002, 10(3): 93-94.

Abstract(1169) PDF(1023)

Abstract:
Through the experiment applying the sludge and bacterial sludge on the farmland soil．the soil’s microorganism number can be greatly increased． Applying the sludge． the microrganism number on the sandy soi1 can increase by 109％，and that on the alkaline soil by 25％；Applying the bacterial sludge， the microrganism number on the grassy marshland soil can increase by 234％．that on the sandy sol1 by 44％，and that on the alkaline soil 56％．So using sludge and bacterial sludge can increase the microorganism number，raise microrganism activity and accelerate changeover of organic matter in the soil．thus increasing the fertility of soi1．

Current research on controlled release fertilizers

ZHA0 Xian-Gui, XIAO Ling

2002, 10(3): 95-97.

Abstract(2282) PDF(1648)

Abstract:
The reasons of low use efficiency of fertilizer and serious pollution are the imbalance between fertilizer releasing nutrient and crop requirement．Control of fertilizer release can adjust the intensity and capacity of nutrient supply according to the crop nutrient characteristics and keep the balance between fertilizer release and crop requirement，thus increasing the use efficiency of fertilizer and reducing the environment pollution．The background，status，goals，and prospect of studying the control of fertilizers release in many countries are stated in this paper．

Study on the resources protection of water and soil and development technology in harm ony in the hillside fields

HUANG Dao-You, PEN Ting-Bai, WANG Ke-Lin

2002, 10(3): 98-101.

Abstract(1320) PDF(1099)

Abstract:
Different using Fllodes of precipitation’s surface flow，the caused soil erosion，dynamic change of soil moisture and soil nutrient’s and their space-time distribution have announced the technological principle to keep water and soil resources standing and high-efficient in the hillside fields，giving a corresponding value of water and soil of red soil developing from the fourth century laterite texture，The result also indicates that so long as the management and development can be combined organically，the hillside fields of mound can be cultivated by a large scale and will not cause soil erosion．

Allelopathy in agroecosystem

SHAO Hua, PENG Shao-Lin

2002, 10(3): 102-104.

Abstract(1129) PDF(1312)

Abstract:
Allelopathy is defined as the direct or indirect harmful or beneficial effects of one plant or another through the production of chemical compounds that escape into the environment．This phenomenon exists extensively in the agroecosystem and take a role in ecosystem Intercropping of some special species is valueless because of the function of allelochem icals while some other certain species will benefit each other．The production will decrease if the crop is growing continuously because of autotoxicity and the rotation of proper species will avoid this result The development and application of plant-based pesticides and soil antiseptic are becoming the research focus，too．And we can use less pesticide if we try to select and cultivate crops with allelopathic genes those can inhabit the growth of weeds by intercross or gene transfer technology as well as the intercropping of common crops with the species which can control weeds，Furthermore，allelochemi．cals can be used directly as herbicides and the possibility of artificial synthesis and chemical modification will be investigated so that the pollution to the environment from chemical herbicides can be reduced．

Situation，potential and strategies of grain production in double cropping region of China

HU Zhi-Quan, WU Yong-Chang, LIU Jing-Hui, CHU Qing-Quan

2002, 10(3): 105-107.

Abstract(946) PDF(951)

Abstract:
The double cropping region is main grain producing area accounting for 53．2％ of the total output in China Since 1985，a large change has taken place in the production situation and structure．Grain output has stable increment in Huanghuai and Jianghuai regions respectively by 47.63％ and 61.67％ and slow increment in Sichuan and Xinan regions respectively by 43．76％ and 10.32％．The key regions of grain increase should be Jianghuai and Huanghuai regions and the technological strategies are as follows：high yield fields are main direction and the mid-low ones should be altered；good varieties should be selected and used，raising utilization ratio of water and fertilizer to increase efficiency and decrease cost.

A study on assessment and improvement for agricultural production systems of households in cropping and pasturalism transition zone in North China

FAN Jiang-Wen, LIANG Biao, HUO Gut-Lin

2002, 10(3): 108-111.

Abstract(969) PDF(997)

Abstract:
6 households agricultural production systems are defined based on investigation and analysis of production situation of households in 3 geo-econoiTlic districts in transition zone of cropping and pastoralism (Chifeng，Inner Mongolia)．These production systems are assessed in soci-economy，ecology and resource utilization efficiency(RUE)by using comprehensive assessment system．The results show that pasturalism-pig system，cropping-cattle fattening system and agroanimal husbandry system have good benefits The improved plan for the systems is provided according to the existing problems of these systems．Compared with original systems，household income of improved systems increases by 26．8％，81．0％ and 46.9％；the investment result raises 4．7％，7．1％ and 4．2％；the light energy utilization efficiency increases by 14．6％，23．8％ and 47．6％．

Optimizing two land use structures by linear programming in Yan’an region

XU Xue-Xuan, GAO Peng, WANG Wei

2002, 10(3): 112-115.

Abstract(998) PDF(915)

Abstract:
By using linear programming methods，the authors propose that the optimal land use structure with non-prod-uct land，agricultural land，forestry land，pasture land is 13%，18％，32％ and 37％ respectively．With the optimal land use structure，the ecological，economic and social outcomes can be mated wel1．Considering that the eco-agriculture campaign can be phased，the authors had worked out the 2005-year’s linear programmed land use structure in which nonproduct land，agricultural land，forestry land，pasture land are 18％，13％，34％ and 35％ of the total land area respeetively The 2005-year’s land use model also has significant increase of eco-economic and social profits The two land use structures can be extended in Loess Hil1 Region to advance the eco-agriculture construction in northwest China.

Investigation on ecological safety in the dry-hot valley of Jinsha River

YANG Wan-Qin, WANG Kai-run, SONG Guang-Yu, GONG A-Du, HE Yu-Rong

2002, 10(3): 116-118.

Abstract(1107) PDF(1290)

Abstract:
Ecological safety of the dry-hot valley of Jinsha River is closely related with the industrial and agricultural sustainable development in the middle-lower reaches of Yangtze River and Jinsha River basin in west development of China．Present situation of ecological safety in Yuanmou dry-hot valley of Jinsha River is investigated in this work It is shown that adverse natural condition，serious vegetation degradation and forest loss，harmful cultivation and overgrazing，weak ecological consciousness，low productive forces and backward economy are the main reasons to threaten the regional ecosafety．Finally，fundamental Ineasures on establishing the eco-safety system of the dry-hot valley of Jinsha River are put forward.

The countermeasures of developing safe agricultural products．

jI Kun-Sen

2002, 10(3): 119-122.

Abstract(1127) PDF(1146)

Abstract:
Safe agricultural products being the products of high effective eco-agriculture include the unpolluted agricultural products，green food，and organic food．The industrialization of safe food suits the requirement of market economy and is an effective way to coordinate the mordernization of agriculture and the mordernization of food industry．The paper puts forward the countermeasures of establishing eight systems，realizing the whole-course control from field to dinningtable，enhancing the study of market tactics of safe agricultural products，adopting suitable sale models，etc．

Analysis on the long-term experiment and effects of no-polluted greenhouse vegetable production

LI Ji, SU Fang, LIU Wen-Guo, TIAN Zhi-Wu

2002, 10(3): 123-125.

Abstract(1246) PDF(847)

Abstract:
The study is a long-term experiment of alternative technologies for greenhouse vegetable production by using EM compost manure and biological pest contro1．The paper is a summary of the experiment including the design of whole experiment，the application of EM compost manure and various biological pesticides and other IPM measures，the effects on vegetable yield，cost and benefit，soil properties and product quality．After the experiment，the uses of chemical fertilizer and pesticide have been reduced by 50％ and 30％，the crop yield and its benefit increased by 5％～10％ and 1％～6％．meanwhile the soil organic matter increased by about 0．14％～ 0.4％．

Effect of organochiorine pesticide residues on agricultural products quality

ZHAO Ling, MA Yong-Jun, ZHOU Xu-Hui

2002, 10(3): 126-128.

Abstract(1047) PDF(1235)

Abstract:
Having monitored and assessed the organochlorine pesticide residues(BHT，DDT)among different agriculrural products，the authors propose the status in quo of dangerous residues in agricultural environment and agricultural products，and provide a corresponding control countermeasure and a rational reference for adjusting the agricultural production structure ．

Study on activity in cleaner production of tourists in Zhouzhuang Scenic Spot

ZHU Guo-Wei, LU Xiao-Ming

2002, 10(3): 129-131.

Abstract(1445) PDF(1057)

Abstract:
Based on the region system relativity and the study on the production process of countryside tourism，this paper gives the contingent valuation method in original Zhouzhuang Scenic Spot，analyses the character of cleaner production and the valuation related to sustainable development of ecology，economy and ,society，and at the same time provides the suggestion for the cleaner production in tourists in the scenes．

Development situation of urban agriculture and its regulating direction of industrial structure of Guangzhou City

ZHANG Jia-En

2002, 10(3): 132-133.

Abstract(838) PDF(1524)

Abstract:
Urban agriculture has been an important development trend and direction in many large and modern cities in the world．Agricultural structure of Guangzhou City becomes more and more diverse with industrial and metropolitan leatures Several typical production and management patterns of agriculture have been developed，such as eco-agriculture，industrial agriculture，facilities agriculture，order agriculture and tourism agriculture and so on．In order to meet the needs of the development of urbanization，agricultural structure of Guangzhou City should be further continually readjusted，optimized and developed into new functional division．

Application of information management decision supporting system in large irrigation zone in Guanzhong District

WANG Xiao-Feng, LI Xin-Miao

2002, 10(3): 134-135.

Abstract(1448) PDF(1058)

Abstract:
In the light of the actual situation of shortage of water in Guanzhong District．taking the Jinghuiqu irrigation zone as an example and on the base of investigation and systematic analysis，an information management decision supporting system in large irrigation zone has been built．At the same time，the analysis and research have been expounded the object arid principle，the structure of GIS software，ensemble structure and function modules and the process of design of the system，providing a decision support and theory base for the related departments and manager．

Probing into the method of prompt test of herbicide (Sethoxydim)-resistant gene flow

KANG Wen-Xia, YANG Hong, LI Gui-Qin, YAN Hong-Bo

2002, 10(3): 136-138.

Abstract(1300) PDF(1262)

Abstract:
A method of testing herbicide(Sethoxydim )-resistant gene flow has been probed in this experiment The main point of the method includes three parts，break dormancy of green foxtail seeds with H₂O₂ and GA₃，weed seeds germinated on the medium containing aptitude dose of Sethoxydlm ，measure the young seedling growth after 4 days of germination．

Analysis of microbial agriculture

Lv Ai-Qing, LIU Gui-Hua

2002, 10(3): 139-141.

Abstract(1022) PDF(1024)

Abstract:
In this thesis, the authors illustrate the theorctica1 basis for microbial agriculture such as nutrient structure theory，niche theory，link adding theory of foodchain，and entropy-increasing theory；analyze the application prospect of microhial agriculture：and put forward some strategies about cultivating biomass resources，the application of microbial technelegies．the comprehensive utilization of resources and introduction of new species，exploitation of niche，the adding of multi-function links，and improvement of the productivity of the system．

2002 Vol. 10, No. 3